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Generations of Computer Languages

There are four generations of computer languages that progressed from low-level to high-level: 1) Machine languages used binary and corresponded directly to computer instructions; 2) Assembly languages used symbols to represent machine code; 3) High-level languages like C++ and Java were problem-oriented and independent of computer architecture; 4) Fourth-generation languages aimed to further reduce development time by focusing on tasks rather than programming. Each new generation provided increased abstraction from the underlying machine and was easier for humans to understand and use.

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153 views

Generations of Computer Languages

There are four generations of computer languages that progressed from low-level to high-level: 1) Machine languages used binary and corresponded directly to computer instructions; 2) Assembly languages used symbols to represent machine code; 3) High-level languages like C++ and Java were problem-oriented and independent of computer architecture; 4) Fourth-generation languages aimed to further reduce development time by focusing on tasks rather than programming. Each new generation provided increased abstraction from the underlying machine and was easier for humans to understand and use.

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GENERATIONS OF

COMPUTER
LANGUAGES
Made By
Sudhanshu Soni

What is a computer language

A Computer Language is an artificial language that specifies


instructions to be executed on a computer. The term covers a
wide spectrum, from binary-coded machine language to highlevel languages.

LOW-LEVEL LANGUAGE

Low-Level Language is a computer programming


language that is machine-dependent and that
offers few control instructions and data types.
Each statement in a program written in a lowlevel language usually corresponds to one
machine instruction. Assembly language is
considered a low-level language.
Low level languages mostly comprise of 0 and1.

HIGH LEVEL LANGUAGES


High-Level Language is a computer language that
provides a certain level of eased process from the
diffi cult machine language through the use of
declarations, control statements, and other
structures. In practice, the term comprises every
computer language above assembly language.

PROGRAMMING LANGUAGES

PROGRAMMING LANGUAGE CONTAIN THE

SERIES OF PROGRAM THAT CREATE


SOFTWARE.
A COMPUTER FOLLOWS THE INSTRUCTIONS
GIVEN BY THE PROGRAMMER TO PERFOM A
SPECIFIC JOB.

How does a software work?


TO PERFOM A PARTICULAR TASK PROGRAMMER
PREPARE A SEQUENCE OF INSTRUCTION CALLED
PROGRAM.
A PROGRAM WRITTEN FOR A COMPUTER IS KNOWN AS
SOFTWARE.
THE CPU TAKE ONE INSTRUCTION FROM PROGRAM AT
A TIME FROM RAM AND EXECUTE IT.THE INSTRUCTION
ARE EXECUTED ONE BY ONE IN SEQUENCE AN FINALLY
PRODUCE THE DESIRED RESULT.

BASIC KNOWLEDGE

A COMPUTER CAN ONLY UNDERSTAND ONE LANGUAGE BINARY LANGUAGE BECAUSE IT


OPERATE UPON ELECTRICITY AND THUS CAN UNDERSTAND ONLY ELECTRICAL SIGNALS. THE
MACHINE LANGUAGE Is AND 0s IS KNOWN AS BINARY LANGUAGE AND IT IS ALSO KNOWN AS
MACHINE LANGUAGE OR LOW LEVEL LANGUAGE.

TYPE OF PROGRAMMING
LANGUAGES

FIRST GENERATION LANGUAGE 1GLs


SECOND GENERATION LANGUAGE 2GLs
THIRD GENERATION LANGUAGE 3GLs
FOURTH GENERATION LANGUAGE 4GLs

FIRST GENERATION LANGUAGE 1GLs


IT IS ALSO CALLED MACHINE LANGUAGE. WHEN THE HUMAN BEING
STARTED PROGRAMMING THE COMPUTER THE INSTRUCTION WERE
GIVEN TO IT IN A LANGUAGE THAT IT COULD EASILY UNDERSTAND.
AND THAT LANGUAGE WAS MACHINE LANGUAGE ANY INSTRUCTION
IN THIS LANGUAGE IS GIVEN IN THE FORM OF 1s AND 0s. WHERE
THE SYMBOL 1 STANDS FOR THE PRESENCE OF ELECTRIC PULSE.
THIS SET HAS A SPECIFIC MEANING TO A COMPUTER EVEN THOUGH
IT APPEAR AS BINARY NUMBER TO US.

THE MACHINE LANGUAGE PROGRAM IS COMPLICATED PROGRAM THAT AND THIS WAS THE
REASON THAT THE MACHINE LANGUAGE NEVER BECAME POPULAR AMONG THE USERS.
REQIRE THE KNOWLEDGE OF COMPLETE COMPUTER CIRCUITRY.

SECOND GENERATION LANGUAGE 2GLs


IT IS ALSO CALLED ASSEMBLY LANGUAGE. THE VERY PURPOSE OF
THIS LANGUAGE WAS TO BRING THE MAN AND MACHINE VERY
NEAR TO EACH OTHER BOTH USING DIFFERENT LANGUAGES BUT
EASILY UNDERSTOOD BY EACH OTHER. IN ASSEMBLY LANGUAGE
UNDERSTANDABLE SYMBOLS AND WORDS ARE COMMONLY USED
TO DENOTE THE OPERATION AND ADDRESSES OF OPERANDS. THE
MACHINE LANGUAGE AND ASSEMBLY LANGUAGE TOGETHER ARE
KNOWN AS LOW LEVEL LANGUAGE.

THIRD GENERATION LANGUAGE 3GLs

THE THIRD GENERATION PROGRAMMING LANGUAGE OR HIGH LEVEL LANGUAGE WAS


DESIGNED TO SUIT THE REQUIREMENTS OF THE PROGRAMMAR. THESE ARE THE
INDEPENDENT OF THE INTERNAL MACHINE CODE OF ANY PARTICULAR COMPUTER. HIGH
LEVEL LANGUAGE IS USED TO SOLVE PROBLEMS AND ARE OFTEN DESCRIBED AS PROBLEM
ORIENTED LANGUAGES.IN CONTRAST LOW LEVEL LANGUAGES SUCH AS ASSEMBLY
LANGUAGES CLOSELY REFLECT THE MACHINE CODE OF SPECIFIC COMPUTERS AND ARE
THEREFORE DESCRIBED AS MACHINE ORIENTED LANGUAGE.

ADVANTAGES

RESEMBLE TO COMMONLY USED ENGLISH LANGUAGE.

EASY TO LEARN AND USE

EASIER DOCUMENTATION

MODIFICATION CAN BE DONE EASILY

FOURTH GENERATION LANGUAGE 4GLs

THE MAIN AIM OF THIS LANGUAGE IS TO CUT DOWN ON DEVELOPMENT AND MAINTENANCE
TIME AND MAKING IT EASIER FOR USERS. IN 4GLs USER DOES NOT DIRECTLY INTERACT WITH
THE OPERATING SYSTEM THROUGH COMMAND AS WAS THE CASE IN 3GLs.

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