Lab Report On Basics Logic Gate
Lab Report On Basics Logic Gate
Shyam Kumar
M.Sc Physics
Roll No-15510059
shyam.kumar@iitgn.ac.in
february, 2016
1
Contents
1 ABSTRACT 3
2 INTRODUCTION 3
3 THEORY 3
3.1 NOT GATE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
3.2 AND GATE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
3.3 OR GATE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
3.4 NAND GATE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
3.5 NOR GATE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
5 CONCLUSION 9
6 REFERENCE 9
2
1 ABSTRACT
Under this experiment (Basics Logic Gates) we will study the operation of the AND, NAND,
OR and NOR logic gates and analyse the outputs with the truth tables for the aforesaid
gates.
2 INTRODUCTION
A large number of electronic circuits in computers, control units and so on are made up of
logic gates. A Gate is a logic circuit that has only two (one inpute in NOT) but only one
outpute.A signal appears at the output only for certain combinations of the inpute signals.
thus, the circuit behave like a gate which either allows a signal to pass through it or blocks
it. The basics Logic gates are:
3 THEORY
3.1 NOT GATE
INPUT A OUTPUT Q
0 1
1 0
3
3.2 AND GATE
3.3 OR GATE
4
3.5 NOR GATE
The microelectronic chip that we are going to use in this practical as AND, OR, NAND,
NOR and NOT GATES are given as follows with their corresponding IC Numbers:
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4 DATA ANALYSIS OF GATES
4.1 NOT GATE
Source as high voltage input = 4.40 V(ON)
Source as low voltage input = 0 V(OFF)
INPUT OUTPUT
A Q Vout in V
0 1 3.870(ON)
1 0 0.190(OFF)
INPUT OUTPUT
A B State
state multicolumn1—c—Voltage State Voltage
State Voltage State VOltage State Vout in V
1 4.82 1 4.82 1 4.84 (ON)
1 4.82 0 0 0 .11 (OFF)
0 0 1 4.82 0 .11 (OFF)
0 0 0 0 0 .11 (OFF)
4.3 OR GATE
Source as high voltage input = 4.82 V(ON)
Source as low voltage input = 0 V(OFF)
INPUT OUTPUT
A B State
state multicolumn1—c—Voltage State Voltage
State Voltage State VOltage State Vout in V
1 4.82 1 4.82 1 4.83 (ON)
1 4.82 0 0 1 4.83 (ON)
0 0 1 4.82 1 4.83 (ON)
0 0 0 0 0 0 (OFF)
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4.4 NAND GATE
Source as high voltage input = 4.83 V(ON)
Source as low voltage input = 0 V(OFF)
INPUT OUTPUT
A B State
state multicolumn1—c—Voltage State Voltage
State Voltage State VOltage State Vout in V
1 4.83 1 4.83 0 .12 (OF)
1 4.83 0 0 1 4.29 (ON)
0 0 1 4.82 1 4.26 (ON)
0 0 0 0 1 4.29 (ON)
INPUT OUTPUT
A B State
state multicolumn1—c—Voltage State Voltage
State Voltage State VOltage State Vout in V
1 4.83 1 4.83 0 .17 (OFF)
1 4.83 0 0 0 .18 (OFF)
0 0 1 4.82 0 .18 (OFF)
0 0 0 0 1 4.31 (ON)
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4.7 AND GATE from NOR GATE
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5 CONCLUSION
So we have studied how logic gates work on the basis of Boolean algebra. Also using only
some basic logic gates we can construct any other logic gate using its combination in a
particular way. But to get a combinational logic gate most efficiently we should use the
axioms and theorems of Boolean algebra. Input of a gate can be more than 2 for example
we can have a four inputs AND Gate or three inputs AND Gate. The output of one logic
gate can be used as the input to another logic gate or several logic gates depending upon or
choice of combinational gate structure.
6 REFERENCE
1. V K MEHTA PRINCIPLE OF ELECTRONICS
2. A textbook on ELECTRONICS by Basudev Ghosh
3. PRACTICAL BOOK GEETA SANON