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Bfa+4023 2010

This document appears to be an examination paper for a course on water supply design. It consists of 9 pages and contains 9 questions. Students are instructed to answer any 4 questions. The questions cover topics such as the operation of gravity-fed and pumped water supply systems, sizing of components like pumps, sedimentation basins, mixing tanks, and filters. Criteria and design considerations for these components are provided in table format within the questions. Calculations related to sizing are also required. Supporting diagrams and explanations are requested. The document tests students' understanding and application of concepts for designing domestic water supply systems.

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Zamira Jamil
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© © All Rights Reserved
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0% found this document useful (0 votes)
38 views9 pages

Bfa+4023 2010

This document appears to be an examination paper for a course on water supply design. It consists of 9 pages and contains 9 questions. Students are instructed to answer any 4 questions. The questions cover topics such as the operation of gravity-fed and pumped water supply systems, sizing of components like pumps, sedimentation basins, mixing tanks, and filters. Criteria and design considerations for these components are provided in table format within the questions. Calculations related to sizing are also required. Supporting diagrams and explanations are requested. The document tests students' understanding and application of concepts for designing domestic water supply systems.

Uploaded by

Zamira Jamil
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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UNWERSITI TUN IIUSSEIN OI\N MALAYSIA

FINAL EXAMINATION
SEMESTERI
sEssroN 20r0t2011
COURSE NAME

DESIGN OF WATER SUPPLY

COURSE CODE

BFA 4023

PROGRAMME

4 BFF

EXAMINATION DATE

NOVEMBER/ DECEMBER 2OIO

DURATION

3 HOURS

INSTRUCTION

ANSWER ANY FOUR (4) QUESTTONS

ONLY

THIS PAPER CONSISTS OF NII\TE (9) PAGES

BFA 4023

Ql

a)

Describe the operation of a gavity flow water supply system from low-lift pumping
at the intake works to the teatment works to an uphill distribution reservoir and to
water distribution pipe network. Support yournswer with sketches.
(12 marks)

b)

Describe the operation of a pumped storage water supply system from lowJift
pumping at the intake works to heatment works to an uphill disfribution reservoir
and to consumer water distribution pipe network. Support your answer with
sketches.

(13 marks)

Q2

A domestic waterworks is considered for a community of 10,000 people based on an


average consumption rate of 0.50 m3lday/capita Raw water is derived from a river
source. A low-lift punp at the intake delivers the water to a disUibution reservoir on
a hill top. Calculate the power of the pump (in kW) required, assuming the static
head is 20 m, frictional losses in the tansmission plpe are 5 nr" depth of water in the
reservoir is 7 m" and design flow is 1.8 times the average daily demand.
(25 marks)

Q3

For a design flow of 0.1 m3/s, find the size of a rectangular pre-sedimentation basin
based on the following criteria (Table Q3) :Table
Detention time
Depth @)
Length (t)
Weir overflow loading

Notmorethan3 hr

3m
4 times width (W)

250 m'/d per meter


(25 marks)

BFA 4023

Q4

a)

Explain velocity gradient (G), the product of G and detention time (t) as applied in
the process of mixing at awaterworks.
(8 marks)

b)

Find the size of a rapid mixing ank cubical in shape (L:W:D). Use the following
criteria for your design (Table Q4):Table 04: Criteria for

(12 marks)

Qs

c)

Calculate the power of a mechanical mixer for the tank. Take the dynamic viscosity
of water at27 oC, p to be 0.0008 N-s/m.
(5 marks)

a)

Explain why you need to have sufficient alkalinity present in the raw water before
you could carry out alum coagulation to remove turbidity from raw water.
(10 marks)

b)

According to Q5(a), explain also how colloidal matter is removed in the process
from rapid mixing to coagulation or flocculation, and sedimentation. Support your
ansiwer using a balanced chemical equation for the reaction of alum, Alz
(SO4}14H2O as coagulant with atkalinity as HCOr-ions.

Atomic weight N=27; S=32; 0-16; H=1.

Equivalent

weigbt of

CaCO3 = 50 mg/meq.

(15 marks)

BFA 4023

A chemical coagulation or flocculation prccess is used to remove colloidal matter

Q6

from raw water, followed by a long narrow settling tank which has been sized as
follows (Table Q6(a)) :able Q6(a): Settlins tank size
Dimension
Size

Leneth (L)

14m
3.5 m
4.5 m

width (w)
Depth @)
Weir leneth (L*)

l0m

Give your comments on the design of the settling tank based on the following
criteria (Table Q6O)):able

Criteria for the

Data
Detention time
Surface overflow rate (SOR)
Flow-through (horizontal) velocity
Weir loading
Design flow

Q7

of the settlins tank


Value

2-8tr
20 - 40 nf tUtrl
Shall not exceed 9 mlhr
250 m3/dlmlength of overflow weir
1.5 times the average daily flow
(25 marks)

a)

Slow and rapid sand filters are often used at a waterworks. Explain the differences
between the two types of filters.
(10 marks)

b)

Design a slow sand filter that can fitter l0 m3/d of water per sqrnre meter area of
filter. Assume design flow is twice the average daily flow.
(5 marks)

c)

Design a rapid sand filter using the criterion of 10 m3/d of flow for every square
meter of filter area Assume design flow is 0.1 m3/s.
(5 marks)

d)

Calculate the number of filten required for (b) and


above and explain why the
^(c)
filter area of a filter unit is normally limited to 100 m2 in practice.
(5 marks)

BFA 4023

Q8

water supply scheme is considered for a community of 10,000 people. Water


demand characteristics at fullplant capacity are as follows (Table Q8(a):Table O8(a): Water demand characteristics
Data
Value
Domestic demand (average)
0.40 m' per day per person
Industrial demand (average)
30 % of domestic demand
(average)
Agriculture demand
50 % of domestic demand
Non-Revenue Water (NRW)
15 % of domestic demand
Water for emergency use
15 % of domestic demand
Fire fiehtine demand
Based on 8200 m3/d of flow for a 4hr duration
Design criteria for the scheme af,e as follows (Table Q8(b):'able

Data
Ma,ximum day demand
Peak hourly demand
Scheme operation
Storage required for equalizing
supply and demand

You are to provide


waterworks:-

criteria
Value
1.5 x average daily demand
2.0 x average daily demand
On apumped storage configuration based on
8hr pumping
80% of maximum day demand

a preliminary design of the following

components

of

the

i)

Low lift pumping (at the intake works)


iD High lift pumping (from clear water well to the consumers)
iii) Total stor4ge to equalize supply and demand plus storage for fire fighting.
(25 marks)

BFA 4023

sl

a)

Terangkan operasi sistem bekalan air secara aliran gaviti dari pengeparnan angkat
rendatr pada titik pengambilan kerja kepada kerja rawatan seterusnya ke titik agrhan
menaik suatu takungan dan ke rangkaian paip agrhan. Dengan berbantukan lakaran,
sokong jawapan anda
(12 markah)

b)

Terangkan operasi sistem bekalan air simpanan yang dipam dari pengepaman angkat
rendah pada titik pengambilan kerja kepada kerja rawatan seterusnya ke titik agihan
menaik suatu takungan dan ke rangkaian palp agihan pengguna. Dengan
berbantukan lakamq sokong jawapan anda.
(13 markah)

52

Suatu kerja air domestik telah dipertimbangkan untuk satu komuniti seramai 10,000
oftmg berdasarkan purata kadar penggunaan air sebanyak 0.50 m3/harilkapita.
Bekalan air mentah diperolehi daripada sebuah sungai. Sebuatr pam angkat rendatr
pada titik pengambilan merrbekalkan air ke sebuah takungan agihan yang terletak di
atas sebuah bukit. Kirakan kuasa parn (dalam kW) yang diperlukan, dengan
menganggap turus statik iatah 20 rr1 kehilangan akibat geseran di dalam paip
penghantaran ialah 5 m, kedalanan air di dalam takungan ialah 7 m, dan aliran

rekabentuk ialah 1.8 kati permintaan purata harian.


(25 markah)

53

Bagi aliran rekabentuk 0.1 m3/s, tentukan saiz kolam enapan awal berbentuk
segiempat dengan berpandukan kriteria berikut (Jadud 33) :-

Jadual 53 : Iftiteria untuk saiz kolam

awal berbentuk

Data
Masa tahanan
Kedalaman @)
Panjang (L)
Muatan air limpah sempak

Nilai
Tidak melebihi 3 jalrn

3m
4 kali lebar (W)

250 m"/h per

meter

paniang sempak
(25 markatr)

BFA 4023

a)

Jelaskan cenrn halaju (G), hasil G dan masa tahanan (t) seperti yang digunakan di
dalam proses campuran pada kerja-kerja air.
(8 markah)

b)

Tentukan saiz tangki campuftn laju berbentuk segiempat sama


kriteria berikut dalam rekabenhrk anda (Jadual 54) :-

(L:W:D).

Gunakan

Jaduat 54: Kriteria untuk rekabentuk saiz tangki campunan laju berbentuk segiempat
sama

Data
Masatahanan (t)
Cerun halaiu (G)

Nilai
20 saat
500 oer saat
(12 markah)

c)

Kirakan kuasa mekanikal pencampur untr,rk tangki tersebut. Ambil nilai kelikatan
dinamik, p bersauraan 0.0008 N-Vm pada suhu at27 oC.
(5 markah)

a)

Terangkan mengapa anda memerlukan kehadiran kealkalian yang mencukupi di


dalam air mentah sebelum proses koagulasi dengan menggunakan alum dapat
dijalanln bagi menyingkirkan kekeruhan daripada air mentah.
(10 markah)

b)

Berdasarkan S5(a), terangkan juga bagaimana bahan-bahan koloid disingkirkan di


dalam proses ini daripada campuran laju kepada koagulasi atau flokulasi dan
pengenapan. Sokong jawapan anda menggunakan persamaan kimia yang seimbang
untuk tindakbalas alum Alz (SOrll4HzO sebagai koagulan dan kealkalian sebagai
ion HCO3-.
Berat atom:

N17;

S=32; 0116; H=1. Berat setara CaCOt = 50 mg/meq.


(15 markah)

BFA 4023

Satu proses koagulasi atau flokulasi kimia digunakan untuk menyingkfukan bahan
koloid daripada air mentah diikuti oleh sebuah tangki pengenapan yang panjang dan
sempit yang mempunyai saiz seperti berikut (Jaftal S6(a) :-

S6

Jadual S6(a): Saiz

Dimensi
Panjang (L)
Lebar (W)
Kedalaman (D)
Paniane sempak(L-)

Saiz

14m
3.5 m
4.5 m

l0m

Berikan komen anda terhadap rekabentuk tangki pengenapan

di

atas dengan

berpandukan kriteria berikut (Jadual S6(b) :Jadual

Kriteria rekabentuk

Data

Masatahanan
Kadar alir
Alimn halaju merentasi
Muatan sempak
Rekabentuk aliran

limpah

S7

a)

Value

2-8jam
(SOR) 20 - 40 nlkantm2
Tidak melebihi 9 m/jarn
250 m3/hni4mpanjang sempak alur limpatr
1.5 kdi purata atiran harian
(25 markah)

Penapis-penapis pasir perlatran dan laju lazimnya digunakan untuk kerja-kerja air.
Senaraikan perbezaan-perbezaan di antara kedua-dua j enis penapis tersebut.
(10 markah)

b)

Rekabentukkan penapis pasir perlahan yang boleh menapis l0 m3/hari air per meter
luas persegi penapis. Anggap rekabentuk aliran iatah dua kali ganda atiran purata
harian.
(5 markah)

c)

Rekabentukkan pe'napis pasir laju de'ngan menggrmakan laiteria alfuan l0 m3/hari


untuk setiap meter persegl luas penapis. Anggap aliran rekabentuk ialatr 0.1 m3ls.
(5 markah)

d)

Kirakan bilangan penapis-penapis yang diperlukan daripada S7O) dan (c) di atas
dan terangkan mengapa luas penapis untuk sermit penapis lazimnya dihadkan
kepada 100 m'secara praktikal.
(5 markah)

BFA 4023

s8

Suatu skim bekalan air dipertimbangkan untuk sebuah komuniti yang mengandungi
10,000 orang. Ciri-ciri permintaan ar pada keupayaan loji penuh adalah seperti
berikut (Jadual S8(a)) :Jadual S8(a):

Ciri-cin

ar
Nilai

Data

0.40 m' per hari per orang


30 % permintaan domestik
50 % permintaan domestik

Permintaan domestik (purata)


Permintaan industi Gurata)
Permintaan pertanian (purata)
Air tak bertrasil (NRIY)
Penggunaan air untuk
kecemasan
Permintaan pencegahan
kebakaran

%permntaandomestik
| 5 Yo ptmntaan domestick
15

Berdasarkan aliran 8200 m3/hari untuk


tempoh 4iarr

Jadual S

Data
Permintaan hari maksimum
Permintaanjam puncak
Operasi skim
Keperluan simpanan untuk
menyamakan bekalan dan
permintaan

Kriteria rekabentuk
Nilai
1.5 x purata pemintaan harian
2.0 x pnatapermintaan harian
Pada konfigurasi simpanan yang diparn
selama 8 jam pengpaman.
:

80% prmintaan maksimum harian

Anda dikehendaki untrrk menyediakan rekabentuk awalan komponen kerja-kerja air


seperti berikut :-

i)

Pengepaman angkat rendah @ad^titik ambilan kerja-kerja)

ii) Pengepaman angkat tingg (dari tangki airjernih kepadapengguna)


iii) Jumlah simpanan untuk menyamakan bekatan dan permintaan

serta

simpanan untuk pencegalran kebakaran.


(25 markah)

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