Practice Example Solutions Chapter 1 1 Alexander Sadiku
Uploaded by
nair.aalamPractice Example Solutions Chapter 1 1 Alexander Sadiku
Uploaded by
nair.aalamMonday, June 27.
2011
CHAPTER 11
P.P.11.1
i (t ) 33 sin(10t 60) 33 cos(10t 30)
v(t ) 330 cos(10t 20)
p(t ) v(t ) i (t ) (330)(33) cos(10t 20) cos(10t 30)
1
p(t ) 10890[cos(20t 20 30) cos(20 (30))]
2
p( t ) (3.5 + 5.445cos(20t10)) kW
1
P Vm I m cos( v i ) 3.5 kW
2
P.P.11.2
V I Z 13208
1
V I cos(v i )
2 m m
1
P (1320)(33) cos(8 30) 20.19 kW
2
P.P.11.3
3
32045 V
j1
32045
101.1926.57
3 j
For the resistor,
I R I 101.1926.57
VR 3I 303.626.57
1
1
PR Vm I m (303.6)(101.19) 15.361 kW
2
2
For the inductor,
I L 101 .1926.57
VL j I L 101.19( 26.57 90) 101.19116.57
1
PL (101.19) 2 cos(90) 0 W
2
The average power supplied is
1
P (320)(101.19) cos(45 26.57) 15.361 kW
2
P.P.11.4
Consider the circuit below.
8
40 V
I1
j4
I2
-j2
j20 V
For mesh 1,
- 40 (8 j2) I 1 (- j2) I 2 0
( 4 j) I 1 j I 2 20
(1)
- j20 ( j4 j2) I 2 (- j2) I 1 0
- j I 1 j I 2 j10
(2)
For mesh 2,
In matrix form,
4 j - j I 1 20
-j
j I 2 j10
2 j4 ,
I1
1 -10 j20 ,
1
553.14 and
I2
2 10 j60
2
13.6 17.11
For the 40-V voltage source,
Vs 400
I 1 5 53.14
-1
Ps (40)(5) cos(-53.14) - 60 W
2
For the j20-V voltage source,
Vs 2090
I 2 13.6 17.11
-1
Ps (20)(13.6) cos(90 17.11) - 40 W
2
For the resistor,
I I1 5
V 8 I 1 40
1
P (40)(5) 100 W
2
The average power absorbed by the inductor and capacitor is zero watts.
P.P.11.5
We first obtain the Thevenin equivalent circuit across Z L . Z Th is
obtained from the circuit in Fig. (a).
-j4
j10
Z th
(a)
Z Th 5 || (8 j4 j10)
(5)(8 j6)
3.415 j0.7317
13 j6
VTh is obtained from the circuit in Fig. (b).
-j4
j10
I
12 A
+
V th
(b)
By current division,
I
8 j4
(12)
8 j 4 j10 5
VTh 5 I
(60)(8 j 4)
37.5 - 51.34
13 j 6
Z L = (Z Th )* = [3.415j0.7317]
Pmax
P.P.11.6
Let
VTh
8 RL
(37.5) 2
51.47 W
(8)(3.415)
We first find Z Th and VTh across R L .
Z 1 80 j60
(90)(- j30)
9 (1 j3)
90 j30
(80 j60)(9 j27)
Z1 || Z 2
17.181 j24.57
80 j60 9 j27
Z 2 90 || (- j30)
Z Th
Z2
(9)(1 j3)
(12060)
(12060)
Z1 Z 2
89 j33
35.98 - 31.91
VTh
VTh
R L Z Th 30
The current through the load is
VTh
35.98 - 31.91
0.6764 - 4.4
I
Z Th R L 47.181 j24.57
The maximum average power absorbed by R L is
1
1 2
Pmax I R L (0.6764) 2 (30) 6.863 W
2
2
P.P.11.7
0 t 1
16t
i(t )
32 16t 1 t 2
2
1 T 2
1 1
i dt (16t ) 2 dt (32 16t ) 2 dt
2 0
T 0
2
256 1 2
t dt (4 4t t 2 ) dt
1
2 0
1
t 3 256
128 4t 2t 2 12
3
3
3
I rms
2
I rms
2
I rms
T2
I rms
256
9.238 A
3
2
P I rms
R 9.238 2 (9) 768 w
P.P.11.8
T , v(t ) 100 sin(t ), 0 t
1 T 2
1
v dt (100 sin(t )) 2 dt
0
T 0
4
10 1
1 cos(2t ) dt 5000
0 2
2
Vrms
2
Vrms
Vrms 70.71 V
P
P.P.11.9
2
Vrms
5000
833.3 W
R
6
The load impedance is
Z 60 j40 72.1133.7
The power factor is
pf cos(33.7) 0.8321 lagging
Since the load is inductive
V
32010
I
4.438 - 23.69 A
Z 72.1133.7
The apparent power is
S = V rms (I rms )* = 0.5(320)(4.438)(10(23.69)) = 71033.69 VA
P.P.11.10
The total impedance as seen by the source is
( j4)(8 j6)
Z 10 j4 || (8 j6) 10
8 j2
Z 12.6920.62
The power factor is
pf cos(20.62) 0.936 (lagging)
V
1650
I rms rms
13.002 - 20.62
Z
12.6920.62
The average power supplied by the source is equal to the power absorbed by the load.
2
P I rms
R (13.002) 2 (11.88) 1,062 W = 2.008 kW
or
P Vrms I rms pf (165)(13.002)(0.936) 2.008 kW
P.P.11.11
(a)
S Vrms I *rms (110 85)(0.4 - 15)
S 4470 VA
S S 44 VA
(b)
S 4470 15.05 j41.35
Q 41.35 VAR
P 15.05 W ,
(c)
pf cos(70) 0.342 (lagging)
Vrms 11085
27570
I rms 0.4 - 15
Z 94.06 j258.4
Z
P.P.11.12
(a)
If Z 250 - 75 ,
(b)
Q S sin
(c)
P.P.11.13
2
Vrms
Z
pf cos(-75) 0.2588 (leading)
Q
100 kVAR
103.53 kVA
sin
sin(-75)
Vrms S Z (103530 )(250) 5.087 kV
Consider the circuit below.
I
20
I1
(30j10)
+
Vo
Let I 2 be the current through the 60- resistor.
P 240
P I 22 R
I 22
4
R 60
I 2 2 (rms)
I2
(60+j20)
Vo I 2 (60 j20) 120 j40
I1
Vo
3.2 j2.4
30 j10
I I 1 I 2 5.2 j2.4
V 20 I Vo (104 j48) (120 j40)
V 224 j88 240.721.45 V rms
For the 20- resistor,
V 20 I 204 j48 114.5424.8
I 5.2 j2.4 5.72724.8
S V I * (114.5424.8)(5.727 - 24.8)
S 656 VA
For the (30 j10)- impedance,
Vo 120 j40 126.518.43
I 1 3.2 j2.4 4 36.87
S 1 Vo I 1* (126 .518.43 )( 4 - 36.87 )
S 1 = 50618.44 = [480j160] VA
For the (60 + j20)- impedance,
I 2 2 0
S 2 Vo I *2 (126 .518.43)( 2 - 0)
S 2 = 25318.43 = [240+j80] VA
The overall complex power supplied by the source is
S T V I * (240.6721.45)(5.727 - 24.8)
S T = 1378.33.35 = [1376j80] VA
P.P.11.14
For load 1,
pf 0.75 cos 1
1 -41.41
P1
P1 S1 cos 1
S1
2666.67
cos 1
Q1 S1 sin 1 -176.85
S1 P1 jQ 1 2000 j1763.85 (leading)
P1 2000 ,
For load 2,
P2 4000 ,
pf 0.95 cos 2
2 18.19
P2
S2
4210.53
cos 2
Q 2 S 2 sin 2 1314.4
S 2 P2 jQ 2 4000 j1314.4 (lagging)
The total complex power is
S = S 1 + S 2 = [6j0.4495] kVA
P
6000
pf
0.9972 (leading)
6016.18
S
P.P.11.15
pf 0.85 cos
31.79
Q
140
Q S sin
S
265.8 kVA
sin sin(31.79)
P S cos 225.93 kW
For pf 1 cos 1
1 0
Since P remains the same,
P P1 S1 cos 1
S1
P1
225.93
cos 1
Q 1 S1 sin 1 0
The difference between the new Q 1 and the old Q is Q c .
2
Q c 140 kVAR CVrms
140 10 3
30.69 mF
(2 )(60)(110) 2
P.P.11.16
Let
The wattmeter measures the average power from the source.
Z 1 4 j2
Z 2 12 || j9
(12)( j9)
4.32 j5.76
12 j9
Z Z 1 Z 2 8.32 j3.76 9.13 24.32
2
V
(120 ) 2
S VI *
1577 .224.32 VA
9.13 - 24.32
Z
*
P S cos 1.437 kW
P.P.11.17
Demand charge $5 32,000 $160,000
Energy charge for the first 50,000 kWh $0.08 50,000 $4,000
The remaining energy 500,000 50,000 450,000 kWh
Charge for this bill $0.05 450,000 $22,500
Total bill $160,000 $4,000 $22,500 $186,500
P.P.11.18
Energy consumed 800 kW 20 26 416,000 kWh
The power factor of 0.88 exceeds 0.85 by 3 0.01 . Hence, there is a power factor credit
which amounts to an energy credit of
0.1
416,000
3 1248 kWh
100
Total energy billed 416,000 1,248 414,752 kWh
Energy cost $0.06 414,752 $24,885.12
