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Even Odd Parity

Computers can make errors when transmitting data. Even/odd parity is a basic method to detect errors where an odd or even number of bits have been switched. For odd parity, the number of 1-bits in a binary word must add up to an odd number. For even parity, the number must add up to an even number. A parity bit is added to make the total odd or even, and the receiver checks if the parity is correct to detect errors. Examples show how parity bits are added for words using odd and even parity.

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VIKASH KHICHAR
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299 views8 pages

Even Odd Parity

Computers can make errors when transmitting data. Even/odd parity is a basic method to detect errors where an odd or even number of bits have been switched. For odd parity, the number of 1-bits in a binary word must add up to an odd number. For even parity, the number must add up to an even number. A parity bit is added to make the total odd or even, and the receiver checks if the parity is correct to detect errors. Examples show how parity bits are added for words using odd and even parity.

Uploaded by

VIKASH KHICHAR
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Even/odd parity (1)

Computers can sometimes make errors when


they transmit data.
Even/odd parity:

Odd parity:

is basic method for detecting if an odd number of


bits has been switched by accident.
The number of 1-bit must add up to an odd
number

Even parity:

The number of 1-bit must add up to an even


number

Even/odd parity (2)

The computer knows which parity it is using


If it uses an even parity:
If the number of of 1-bit add up to an odd
number then it knows there was an error:
If it uses an odd:
If the number of of 1-bit add up to an even
number then it knows there was an error:
However, If an even number of 1-bit is flipped
the parity will still be the same. But an error
occurs
The even/parity cant this detect this error:

Even/odd parity (3)

It is useful when an odd number of 1-bits is


flipped.

Suppose we have an 7-bit binary word (7-digits).


If you need to change the parity you need to
add 1 (parity bit) to the binary word.
You now have 8 digit word.
However, the computer knows that the added
bit is a parity bit and therefore ignore it.

Example (1)

Suppose you receive a binary bit


word 0101 and you know you are
using an odd parity.
Is the binary word errored?
The answer is yes:

There are 2 1-bit, which is an even number


We are using an odd parity
So there must have an error.

Parity Bit

A single bit is appended to each data


chunk

Example: even parity

makes the number of 1 bits even/odd


1000000(1)
1111101(0)
1001001(1)

Example: odd parity

1000000(0)
1111101(1)
1001001(0)

Parity Checking

Assume we are using even parity with 7-bit ASCII.


The letter V in 7-bit ASCII is encoded as 0110101.
How will the letter V be transmitted?

Because there are four 1s (an even number), parity is set


to zero.
This would be transmitted as: 01101010.

If we are using an odd parity:

The letter V will be transmitted as 01101011

Exercise 1

Suppose you are using an odd


parity. What should the binary
word 1010 look like after you add
the parity bit?
Answer:

There is an even number of 1-bits.


So we need to add another 1-bit
Our new word will look like 10101.

Exercise 2

Suppose you are using an even


parity. What should the binary word
1010 look like after you add a
parity bit?
Answer:

There is an even number of 1s.


So we need to add another 0
Our new word will look like 10100.

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