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Interrupts: Ways To Check For Interrupts: - Polling - Interrupt

This document discusses interrupts and the 8259 Programmable Interrupt Controller (PIC). It describes: 1) Ways to check for and trigger interrupts, including polling, external hardware signals, special instructions, and occurring conditions. 2) The interrupt service routine (ISR) process of saving processor state, executing the ISR, and restoring state. 3) The 8259 PIC's features like 8 priority levels, cascading, internal priority resolution, maskable interrupts, and programmable vector numbers. 4) The initialization command words (ICW) and operational command words used to configure the 8259 PIC.

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24 views15 pages

Interrupts: Ways To Check For Interrupts: - Polling - Interrupt

This document discusses interrupts and the 8259 Programmable Interrupt Controller (PIC). It describes: 1) Ways to check for and trigger interrupts, including polling, external hardware signals, special instructions, and occurring conditions. 2) The interrupt service routine (ISR) process of saving processor state, executing the ISR, and restoring state. 3) The 8259 PIC's features like 8 priority levels, cascading, internal priority resolution, maskable interrupts, and programmable vector numbers. 4) The initialization command words (ICW) and operational command words used to configure the 8259 PIC.

Uploaded by

PenBccia
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Interrupts

Ways to check for interrupts :


Polling
Interrupt

Ways to Interrupt
By external signals (H/W) NMI, INTR
Special instruction (S/W) - INT
Occurrence of some condition (S/W) -

ISR

MAINLINE
PROGRAM

PUSH FLAGS
CLEAR IF
CLEAR TF
PUSH CS
PUSH IP
FETCH ISR ADDRESS

PUSH reg

POP IP
POPCS
POP FLAGS
POP reg

Interrupt Priorities
Interrupt

Priority

Divide by 0,

Highest

NMI
INTR
Single - step

Lowest

8259PRIORITYINTERRUPT
CONTROLLER

Features of 8259 (PIC)


8 levels of interrupts.
Can be cascaded in master-slave configuration to handle 64
levels of interrupts.
Internal priority resolver.
Fixed priority mode and rotating priority mode.
Individually maskable interrupts.
Modes and masks can be changed dynamically.
Accepts IRQ, determines priority, checks whether incoming
priority > current level being serviced, issues interrupt signal.
In 8086 mode, provides 8 bit vector number.
Starting address of ISR or vector number is programmable.
No clock required.

Modes
Fully nested mode
Special fully nested mode

Rotating priority mode


Automatic rotation
Specific rotation

Special masked mode


Polled mode

ICW1

ICW2
NO

Cascade
mode ?

YES

ICW3

NO

ICW4
Needed?
YES
ICW4

READY TO ACCEPT INT


REQUESTS

ICW1 (Initialisation Command Word One)

A
0
0

D7

D6

D5

D4

D3

D2

D1

D0

A7

A6

A5

LTIM

ADI

SNGL

IC4

ICW2 (Initialisation Command Word Two)


Higher byte of ISR address (8085), or 8 bit vector address (8086).

A
0
1

D7

D6

D5

D4

D3

D2

D1

D0

A15

A14

A13

A12

A11

A10

A9

A8

ICW3 (Initialisation Command Word Three)


A
0 Master
1
Slave

D7

D6

D5

D4

D3

D2

D1

D0

S7

S6

S5

S4

S3

S2

S1

S0

ID3

ID2

ID1

ICW4 (Initialisation Command Word Four)

A
0
1

D7

D6

D5

D4

D3

D2

D1

D0

SFNM

BUF

M/S

AEOI

Mode

OCW1 (Operational Command Word One)

A
0
1

D7

D6

D5

D4

D3

D2

D1

D0

M7

M6

M5

M4

M3

M2

M1

M0

OCW2 (Operational Command Word Two)


A
0
1

D7

D6

D5

D4

D3

D2

D1

D0

SL

EOI

L3

L2

L1

OCW3 (Operational Command Word Three)

A
0
1

D7

D6

D5

D4

D3

D2

D1

D0

D7

ESMM

SMM

MODE

RIR

RIS

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