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Civl3310 Structural Analysis: Deflections Using Energy Methods

This chapter discusses using energy methods such as the virtual work principle and Castigliano's theorem to calculate deflections in structures. The virtual work principle states that the virtual work done by external forces equals the virtual strain energy. Castigliano's theorem relates deflections to partial derivatives of strain energy with respect to forces. Betti's law of reciprocal deflections states that deflections at two points due to loads at the other point are equal. Flexibility coefficients describe deflections at one location due to a unit load at another location.

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22 views21 pages

Civl3310 Structural Analysis: Deflections Using Energy Methods

This chapter discusses using energy methods such as the virtual work principle and Castigliano's theorem to calculate deflections in structures. The virtual work principle states that the virtual work done by external forces equals the virtual strain energy. Castigliano's theorem relates deflections to partial derivatives of strain energy with respect to forces. Betti's law of reciprocal deflections states that deflections at two points due to loads at the other point are equal. Flexibility coefficients describe deflections at one location due to a unit load at another location.

Uploaded by

Afia S Hameed
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Chapter 9:

Deflections Using Energy Methods

CIVL3310 STRUCTURAL ANALYSIS


Professor CC Chang

Work and Energy Principles


Work done by external forces

W F F d F
F

W
F

1
F F
2

W F F

Work and Energy Principles


Where does the work go?

1
W F F
2

Saved in the beam in terms of


Strain energy

Member
force

i-th component

fi
F

Work - Energy

1
1
F F fi d i
2
2

Member
deformation

1
U i fi d i
2

WU

di

Total strain energy

1
U fi d i
2

fi

Virtual Work Principle


Under equilibrium, perturb the
fi d
structure
i
fi

Work - Energy

di

WU

1
1
F F fi d i
2
2
F

W F F

F
F

1
W F F
2

W U

W F F

Perturb F by F

F F fi d i
Perturb F by F

F F fi d i

Virtual Work Principle

W U

(Complementary) virtual work principle


Perturb F by dF

F F fi d i
Virtual work principle
Perturb F by F

F F fi d i

Virtual Work Principle


(Complementary) virtual work principle
Perturb F by F
f

fi

di

W U

F F fi d i
The complementary virtual work done by an external
virtualforce
force
system
external virtual
system
under the actual
actualdeformation
deformation
a structure
is equal
ofof
a structure
is equal
to to
the complementary strain energy done by the virtual
virtualstresses
stresses
under the actual
actualstrains
strains

Virtual Work Principle


F F fi d i

Superposition
Actual system

fi
fi d i

Virtual system

Virtual Work Principle


Looking for F

f i Li
1 F fi
Ei Ai

F F fi d i

W U

1
Actual system

fi

di

f iL i
EiAi

Virtual system

fi

F
1

Virtual Work Principle


W U

fi

fi

f i Li
1 F fi
Ei Ai

F 1

Virtual Work Principle


W U

Temperature effect

fi

F 1
F

d i T Li

1 F fi d i

Virtual Work Principle


W U

Misfit effect

fi

F 1
F

1 F fi d i

Virtual Work Principle


For Beams
M 0, 0, 0

1
U M(x) d
2

M(x)
M(x)

FF

Perturbation

U M(x) d

Integrate for the whole beam

M(x)
d
dx
EI
U

1L

1 L M2

20

2 0 EI

M(x) d

W U

M=0, 0, =0

M(x)

dx
L

M
U M d M dx
EI
0
0

M
F F M dx
EI
0

Virtual Work Principle

W U
w

F
F

M(x)
Deformation due to
actual loads

M(x)

Moment due to
actual loads

M
F F M dx
EI
0
Virtual force corresponds
to actual deformation

Virtual moment induced by


The virtual force

M
M A A M dx
EI
0

Virtual Work Principle


For Frames

W U

F
P

fL
M
F F
f

M dx
EI component
EI
component
Negligible

Castiglianos Principle
Work-Energy
fi
fi d i

W Fi U Fi
W Fi dFi U Fi dFi
W
U
W Fi
dFi U Fi
dFi
Fi F
Fi F
i

W
U

Fi F Fi F
i
i

Fi

Fi

dFi

Fi

k
1

1
W Fi Fi
2
F F
i i
Fi 2 k

W Fi
Fi
Fi
k

U
Fi
Fi F

1
U fi d i
n 2
f fL
i i i
n 2 EA

fi Fi

Castiglianos Principle
For Trusses
U
Fi
Fi F

f j2 L j
2E jA j

f j f jL j

Fi
Fi E jA j

For Beams
U
Fi
Fi F

M2
U
dx
2EI

M M

Fi
dx
Fi EI

For Frames
f j f jL j
M M

Fi

dx

Fi EI
Fi E jA j

Bettis Law of Reciprocal Deflections


L
M
F F M dx
EI
0

W U

Location 1

Location 2

MP
Q P2 M Q
dx
EI

P2

Virtual work principle

P Q1 M P

Q1

MQ
EI

dx

P Q1 Q P2
If P Q then

P2 Q1

Bettis Law

Bettis Law of Reciprocal Deflections


P

A B

Bettis Law of Reciprocal Deflections


P

M
B

M PM M
P B
dx M A
EI
P B M A
If P M (in magnitude) then B A (in magnitude)

Bettis Law and Flexibility Coefficients


Location j

Location i
1

ji f ji

Flexibility coefficient

Deflection at j due to a unit load at i

ij f ij

Deflection at i due to a unit load at j

f ij f ji

9. Deflections Using Energy Methods

Work-energy principle
Virtual work principle
Castiglianos principle
Bettis law

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