Welcome to

HTLS Conductor
1. Capacity Upgrading
2. HTLS Conductor
3. Experience
4. Summary

OHM TEKMIN
Telf. 51 1 260 8616 Fax 51 1 260 8616
[email protected]
* HTLS Conductor: High Temperature Low Sag Conductor

1. Capacity Upgrading

Background

Increase in demand for electricity is a big issue of the day

in many countries.
However,

Solution

Very
Very high
high cost
cost to
to install
install new
new power
power lines
lines

Too
Too difficult
difficult to
to acquire
acquire tower
tower sites
sites
and
and right-of-way
right-of-way

Re-conductoring
Re-conductoring of
of existing
existing lines
lines

Not
Not enough
enough time
time to
to built
built new
new lines
lines

High Temperature

Popular
Popular feeling
feeling against
against construction
construction of
of
high
high voltage
voltage overhead
overhead lines
lines
in
in urban
urban and
and suburban
suburban areas
areas

with
with

& Low Sag Conductor

2. HTLS Conductor

Optimized HTLSC

High current capacity

Long term reliability

Current
Capacity

Reliability

Low sag-tension property

Sag

Optimized
HTLS Conductor

Installation
Conductor cost
Economics
Labor cost
Low line loss

Easy and rapid installation

Compatible to
existing installation method

2. HTLS Conductor

Developmental Trend

The cutting edge technologies of capacity upgrading apply to

various types of conductor.

Key materials

Ampacity

GAP
Conductor
ACSS

x 2.0

Material

STACIR

Conductor

GAP 3
TACSR
Conductor HiTACSR

x 1.5

x 1.0

Copper

ACSR

Conductor

Max.
current
Ratio

Application

ACSR

Steel

Al

90 oC

x 1.0

TACSR

Steel

TAl

150 oC

x 1.55

Uprating
with increased sag

Hi-TACSR

Steel

Hi-TAl

150 oC

x 1.5

Uprating
for long span

STACIR

INVAR

STAl

210 oC

x 2.0

Uprating
with equivalent sag

ACFR

CFCC

Al

90 oC

x 1.0

Increase G.clearance
under same capacity

* A key to abbreviations:

AAAC

Core

Max.
operating
temp.

ACFR

TAl: Thermal Resistant Aluminum-Alloy

Hi-TAl: High-tensile Strength Thermal Resistant Aluminum-Alloy
STAl: Super Thermal Resistant Aluminum-Alloy
INVAR: a kind of Ni-Fe Alloy

1880 1910

1960

1980 1990

2000

Year

CFCC: Carbon Fiber Composite Cable

2. HTLS Conductor

STACIR Conductor

Ampacity Upgrading : x 2 ACSR

High
High Strength
Strength AW
AW
Aluminum-clad
Aluminum-clad Invar
Invar

No limitation for application area

: Heavy wind & snow, galloping area

* Invar is a 36%Ni-Fe Alloy

Equivalent Sag-Tension Properties

to conventional ACSR

STAL
STAL
Super
Super Thermal
Thermal Resistant
Resistant
Al-Alloy
Conductor
Al-Alloy Conductor

No Modification & Reinforcement

on Existing Tower
Easy Installation with Same Method
& Equipment as ACSRs
Reduced Design Time and Cost
High Reliability with Strong Track Record

2. HTLS Conductor

STAL Conductor

STAL wire containing Zr element has improved annealing resistance

properties without loss of strength at high operating temperature.
Annealing Characteristics for Al Wire

Comparison with other conductors

HAL

TAL

Hi-TAL

STAL

2.7

2.7

2.7

2.7

61

60

55

60

16.2
~17.9

16.2
~17.9

22.9
~25.7

16.2
~17.9

Continuous

90

150

150

210

Emergency

120

180

180

240

Ampacity

x 1.0

x 1.5

x 1.5

x 2.0

Applicable
Conductor

ACSR

TACSR

Hi-TACSR

STACIR

110

Density
(g/cm3)
Conductivity
(%IACS)

90

Tensile Strength
(kgf/mm2)

80

Allowable
Temp. (oC)

Residual strength, %

100

70
60

STAL

HAL

50
0

100

200

300

400

500

Aging temperature, CX1hr

(River-crossing)

* HAL : Hard-drawn ALuminum wire

* TAL : Thermal-resistant ALuminum-alloy wire
* Hi-TAL: HIgh-tensile strength Thermal-resistant ALuminum-alloy Wire
* STAl : Super Thermal-resistant ALuminum-alloy Wire

OHM TEKMIN
Telf. 51 1 260 8616 Fax 51 1 260 8616
[email protected]

2. HTLS Conductor

INVAR Core

Al-clad Invar has low thermal expansion coefficient value

(1/3 to steel wire) at high operating temperature (210oC).
2,000

Thermal Expansion
Cable Sag - mm

m
20

n
lva
a
G

10

i
lw
e
e
t
dS
e
z
i

:
re

0
x1
5
.
11

800

Knee point temperature

50

100

150

200

250

300

Cable Temperature - deg C

4,000

x1/3

100

STACIR 795kCM Drake

-6

.7x10 /
3
:
e
ir
W
r
a
v
In
Al-clad

0
-100

1,200

400

200

300

Temperature, C

Tension vs Temperature *

3,000

400

Cable Tension - kg

Dimension Change,

-6

30

ACSR 795kCM Drake

1,600

40

Sag vs Temperature *

2,000

1,000

STACIR 795kCM Drake

ACSR 795kCM Drake

50

100

150

200

250

300

Cable Temperature - deg C

Invar is a 36%Ni-Iron Alloy

Low thermal expansion coefficient
at high operating temperature

x2 Capacity
Upgrading

Equivalent Sag and Lower Tension

at High Operating Temperature
* Sag and Tension vs. Temperature Test
was performed at Kinectrics International Inc., Canada.

2. HTLS Conductor

Fittings & Accessory

Appropriate design is needed to accommodate to

high temperature and high-tensile strength.
Compression Type Dead-end Clamp
Description
Dead-end clamp
with Jumper terminal

Type of Fittings

Compression type
with larger volume

Remark
Armor grip or wedge type
are not recommendable.

Joint sleeve
Armor grip type is
not recommendable.

Suspension clamp
Bundle spacer
the same as
those used for ACSR

* Conductor dimension : 410mm2

Length (L)

Diameter (D)

ACSR

590

48

STACIR

675

52

Vibration damper
insulator

(Unit: mm)

OHM TEKMIN
Telf. 51 1 260 8616 Fax 51 1 260 8616
[email protected]

2. HTLS Conductor

Installation

The Installation Methods for STACIR are

exactly the same as those used for ACSR (Stringing, Sagging & Clamping) .

2. HTLS Conductor

Installation

STACIR can reduce outage time in Semi live line installation

because of high efficiency on installation work.
Fist
Fist Circuit
Circuit Replacement
Replacement
Not enough time for outage
Not enough time for outage
Needed Rapid installation Work
Needed Rapid installation Work
1. Determine outage period
1. Determine outage period
considering electric load
considering electric load
(ex. straight holidays)
(ex. straight holidays)
2. One circuit : Shut down
2. One circuit : Shut down
Other circuit : Operation
Other circuit : Operation
3. Installation Work should be
3. Installation Work should be
finished quickly
finished quickly

2circuit
/ 2conductor,
30 r.km

Installation of First Circuit

Installation of First Circuit
in 1 month
in 1 month

Second
Second Circuit
Circuit Replacement
Replacement
Enough time for shut down
Enough time for shut down
1. Determine shut-off period
1. Determine shut-off period
not considering electric load
not considering electric load
( One HTLS circuit has double ampacity)
( One HTLS circuit has double ampacity)
2. One HTLS circuit : Increasing capacity
2. One HTLS circuit : Increasing capacity
Other circuit : Shut down
Other circuit : Shut down
3. Start replacement work
3. Start replacement work

Finished Installation work

Finished Installation work
in 1 month
in 1 month

2. HTLS Conductor

Economic Evaluation

Capacity Upgrading
Comparative Cost Analysis
(Operation Period : 30 Years)

Build
New Line

Replacement
by HTLSC
100%

Build
Period

Construction
Cost

Based on 30 route.km

18 Months

6 Months
(Short Period)

Preliminary work

Required

Not Required

Cost of right of way

High Cost

No Cost

Tower Foundation

Required

Not Required

Conductor & Ground wire

4.1 Conductor Furnishing
4.2 Stringing
4.3 Ground-wire Furnishing
4.4 Ground-wire Stringing

High price
Required
Not Required
Not Required

Line Accessories

Required

Partially Required

Grounding

Required

Not Required

Operation
Cost

kWh Loss

Low

High

Opportunity
Cost

Cost due to Difference

of Counstruction Period

High

Low

Small

Small Cost

47% Down

53%
Low price
Required
Required
Required

Maintenance
Cost

PPR
REELLI
IM
MIIN
NA
AR
RYY

Operation
(kWh Loss)

Construction
of New Line

Maintenance
Construction
Material

(same as ACSR)

Replacement
By HTLSC

3. Experience

KEPCO
KEPCO // Korea
Korea
Korea
Korea Electric
Electric Power
Power Corporation
Corporation

KEPCO / Korea

: Sinnamwon T/L (June 2000)

(345kV, 2cct, 17km)

Customer Problems

Increasing demand for electricity

due to rapid growth of industry
and factory automation
Demand for peak load rate
by 9% every year
Very high cost to acquire
new tower site and right-of-way
Not enough time
to construct new power line
Increasing concerns
about environmental preservation
and popular enmity
to overhead power lines

Existing

LGC Proposal

ACSR
480x2B

STACIR
410x2B

918

1,707

Sag [m]

10.21

9.79

Tension[kgf]

4,140

4,140

Ampacity
[A/cond.]

* Condition : Zone , Span 300m

Operating Temp.:ACSR 90, STACIR 210

All lines were installed

and run very well without any
problems
Acquire certification of KEPCO
KEPCO Experience
Unit: circuit km

Voltage
grade

High Capacity.
Conductor

345kV

383

154kV

1,360

Total

1,743

3. Experience

KEPCO / Korea

3. Experience
TNB
TNB // Malaysia
Malaysia
Tenaga
Tenaga Nasional
Nasional Berhad
Berhad

Frequent Black-out in Kuala Lumpur

has been recurring
High cost and difficulty to acquire
right-of-way & erection / installation
Could be completed
within short period of time (2month)
on full turnkey built

TNB / Malaysia

: Port Klang P/S~Kapar S/S etc.

(275kV, 2cct, 4km)

ACSR

STACIR

400 (Zebra)

410

719Amp/cond.

1,584Amp/cond.

* Operating Temp.: ACSR 75

STACIR 183

Technical & Commercial Proposal

: June 2003
Scope: Conductor & Fittings
Contract : 1st 47km (Dec. 2003)
2nd 294km (Jul. 2005)
3rd 53km (Dec. 2006)
Installation for 1st Project :
Jan. 30, 2004 ~ Feb. 29, 2004

ENEL / Italy
ENDESA / Spain

3. Experience

ENEL
ENEL // Italy
Italy
Enel
Enel Distribuzione
Distribuzione SpA
SpA

Customer Problems

: Model section (April 2003)

(Cable Length, 51km)

Existing

LGs Proposal
STACIR

Rapid increase overloaded line

Need to exchange existing line for
Upgrading conductor

ENDESA
ENDESA // Spain
Spain
Empresa
Empresa Nacional
Nacional de
de Electricidad
Electricidad S.A,
S.A,

Customer Problems
Rapid increase
in the demand for electric power

Technical & Commercial Proposal

: December 2002

240
1,207Amp/cond.
* Condition : wind pressure 88kg/
safety factor 2.0
Operating Temp.: ACSR 90
STACIR 210

Delivery : April 2003

Installation Start : September 2003

: Field Trial Test (Nov. 2001)

(110kV, 2cct, 3km)
Existing

LGs Proposal

ACSR/AW

STACIR

477MCM(Hawk)

240

606Amp/cond.

1,207Amp/cond.

Technical & Commercial Proposal

: November 2001
Delivery : September 2002
Installation : December 2002
Under Field Test : January 2003

3. Experience

Power
Power Grid
Grid // India
India

Power Grid / India

LILO of one circuit of 400kV DC, Dadri-Ballabhgarh New T/L of 30km

Invar Moose Conductor Package associated with high capacity
East- North Interconnector-II (Award No.C-41408-L175/NOA-I/1403)

Customer Problems

Existing
ACSR
Moose x 2B

Increasing demand for

electricity due to rapid
growth of industry and
factory automation
Demand for peak load rate
High cost to acquire new
tower site and right-of-way
Not enough time to
construct new power line

LSC Proposal
STACIR/AW
Moose x 2B

Technical Proposal
: December 2002
Scope: Conductor & Fittings

Ampacity
[A/cond.]

614

1,700

* Condition : Span 400m

Operating Temp.:ACSR 75, STACIR/AW 210

Contract: September 2004

Qty of conductor: 396km
Type Test: Successfully passed
(August 2005)
Delivered: September 2005

3. Experience
LILO of one circuit of 400kV D/C
Dadri-Ballabhgarh New Transmission Line
at New Delhi (Maharani-Bagh) Sub Station

Power Grid / India

Type Test Certificate

OHM TEKMIN
Telf. 51 1 260 8616 Fax 51 1 260 8616
[email protected]

3. Experience

China
China

NCIP, CPC, GZPSC, KSPSC

& KEPC / China
04: 1st BukSin-Bukan T/L (110kV, 2cct, 4.3km)
05: 2nd WuBei-Wu T/L (220kV, 2cct, 4.5km)
06: 3rd Babao-Shangchun T/L (220kV, 2cct, 55km)
07: 5 Packages for GZPSC, KSPSC, KEPC & NCIP (220kV, 349km)

Increasing demand and investment

of electricity for Beijing Olympics
High cost and difficulty to acquire
right-of-way & erection / installation
Could be completed
within short period of time

Capacity upgrading
by replacement of
the existing ACSR
with Invar conductor

2008 Beijing Olympics

3. Experience

PGCB
PGCB // Bangladesh
Bangladesh (SIEMENS)
(SIEMENS)
Power
Power Grid
Grid Company
Company of
of Bangladesh
Bangladesh

PGCB / Bangladesh

: 230/132kV sub-station at Tongi & Hasnabad

and 132/33kV sub-station at Kalyanpur

<Layout Plan & Sectional Elevation>

ACSR
400mm2 Zebra
737A

STACIR
400mm2 Zebra
1,645A

3. Experience / Case Study

QPPL
QPPL // Philippines
Philippines
Quezon
Quezon Power
Power Philippines
Philippines Co.
Co. Ltd.
Ltd. (IPP)
(IPP)

QPPL / Philippines

: 230kV Mauban Plant-Tayabas Substation T/L (31km)

- Under F/S and

Mauban Plant
A. Existing Power Plant Generation (Unit 1)
1. Plant Capacity : 600MW
2. Transmission Line:
a) Line Voltage: 230kV
b) Line Length: 31 km
c) Structure Type:
Lattice Steel Towers, Double Circuit
e) Line Conductors:
2 x 795 kCM ACSR "Condor"

230kV Mauban -Tayabas T/L

B. Power Plant Expansion (Unit 2)

1. Plant Capacity : 600MW

Capacity Upgrading
by replacement
of the existing ACSR conductor
with STACIR 410mm2 !
Line Capacity > 1,200MW !
Tech.

Proposal: April 2007

by DENR: May 2007
Site Survey: June 2007
Approved by TransCo: Sep. 2007
Contract: January 2008
Delivery: April 2008
Reconductoring: May ~ June 2008
Approved

Build New Transmission ?

ROW anticipated problems
& insurgency situation in the areas.
Tension
Tower

4. Summary
Double ampacity uprating with STACIR Conductor
on the existing towers
STACIR Conductor has more than double ampacity of conventional ACSR
STACIR Conductor has equivalent sag-tension properties to conventional ACSR
Conventional fittings and accessories for ACSR can be used
for STACIR Conductor except compression fittings
Same installation method as conventional ACSR is applied for Invar Conductor
STACIR Conductor has high long-term reliability with strong track record

Most power utilities do use STACIR Conductor for their uprating project !

Thank You !

OHM TEKMIN
Telf. 51 1 260 8616 Fax 51 1 260 8616
[email protected]

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