Hammond Drawbars & Percussion

-73
-88
DRAWBARS
&
PERCUSSION
Drawbars & Percussion
DRAWBARS & PERCUSSION

Manual Drawbars
Your Hammond Sk-series instrument has one set of nine Drawbars. Drawbars, often called Tonebars, are the heart and
the basis of the renowned Hammond Sound and have been used since the first Hammond Organ Model A introduced in
1935.
There are approximately 253,000,000 possible sound combinations that can be produced by these Drawbars. Each
Drawbar consists of sine waves of different pitches. The illustration below shows how each Drawbar relates to the
keyboard when middle "C" is pressed.
Each Drawbar is marked with a number followed by a footage mark. For example, the first white Drawbar is marked "8'".
This is pipe organ terminology indicating that the pipe used to produce the lowest note on the keyboard on a pipe organ
is actually eight feet long. The numbers from "1" to "8" on each Drawbar represent degrees of loudness - number 1 being
the softest, and number 8 being the loudest.
Drawbars are divided into 3 groups of sound as well as 3 groups of color. We will first look at the 3 sound groups.
Sound Groups
You may think of these sound groups in terms of the three levels - The Sub being the deep pitches, the Foundation being
the mid range of pitches and the Brilliance being the high pitches.
- SUB -
- FOUNDATION -
- BRILLIANCE -
TRY THIS:
1.
Make sure all Drawbars are IN (off).
2.
Hold down a C chord, starting with E above middle C, (E, G & C notes) with your right hand
on the manual (or the Upper Manual of the SK-2).
3.
Starting with the first white Drawbar, pull out and push in each of the Foundation Drawbars one group at
a time until you have a sound that you like.
4.
While still holding the C chord down, pull each of the brown Sub Drawbars out until you like the sound.
5.
Now do the same with the Brilliance Drawbars.
It's that easy to create your own custom Drawbar settings.
Color Groups
White Drawbars
The first white Drawbar represents the fundamental or 8' base
tone. All of the other white Drawbars are octave intervals or
harmonics of the fundamental tone. The tonal brilliance is greatly
increased by adding white Drawbars, but the harmonics added are
always in consonance or harmony.
TRY THIS:
- CONSONANT HARMONICS -
1.
2.
Hold down middle C on the manual (or the Upper Manual on the Sk2).
3.
Pull the first white Drawbar all the way out.
4.
Now, one by one, pull the other white Drawbars out in sequence.
As you add each Drawbar, you will hear the addition of the same note an octave higher in each case.
Black Drawbars
The Black Drawbars on the Hammond Organ represent the dissonant
(discordant) harmonics which are also necessary in building rich tone
colors. The mellowness of a horn, the pungency of strings, and the
brilliance of reed voices owe much of their character to the presence
of these harmonics in different degrees.
TRY THIS:
- DISSONANT HARMONICS -
1.
2.
3.
Pull the first white Drawbar in the second group of Drawbars for the Swell Manual, marked 8', all the way
out.
4.
Now pull the 3 Black Drawbars in the second group of Drawbars for the Swell
Manual all the way out.
The sound produced by the Drawbars is that of a clarinet.
Brown Drawbars
In addition to the white and black Drawbars, there are two brown Drawbars in the group. These two Drawbars produce
sub-octave effects. The first brown Drawbar is the sub-octave of the fundamental Drawbar. It is one octave lower
in sound.
TRY THIS:
1.
2.
3.
4.
While continuing to hold middle C down, pull the first brown Drawbar all the way out.
You will now hear the sound of C one octave lower being added.
The second brown Drawbar is the sub-octave of the third harmonic. Both of these Drawbars are used to add depth and
richness to many combinations. They also increase the range of the manual by one octave since a solo registration of the
8 foot, or normal pitch, can be set up using the first brown Drawbar as the fundamental and played one octave higher.
TRY THIS:
1.
2.
3.
4.
While continuing to hold middle C down, pull the first brown Drawbar all the way out. You will now hear
the sound of C one octave lower being added.
5.
Now pull the second brown Drawbar in the same group out, and you will hear it add a richness to the sound
of the C note that you are holding down.
Tone Families By Shape

Regardless of the size of a pipe organ or its number of stops, all of its voices are related to four basic families of tone. The
four basic families - Flute, Reed, String and Diapason - can be quickly set up on the Drawbars by relating a pattern or shape
to each family.
These are the generalities which apply to the tonal resources of the organ, and in themselves produce pleasant and usable
effects. However, real beauty of tone is secured in two ways. The first way is to use registrations which have been devised
by organists. The second way, and eventually the one that best expresses your own feeling for the music, is to create your
own tonal effects, experimenting with and perfecting tones which you use to play your favorite selections.
The Hammond Organ Drawbars allow you not only to set up any tonal effect you want, but also to make many fine
variations of the tone. Only with the Hammond Drawbars can you play exactly the shade of tone you want for every
selection and, perhaps even more important, for every size and type of room in which you play.
With the Hammond Organ Drawbars, a touch of a finger is all that is needed to make the tone quality softer or more
brilliant, richer in one harmonic or another.
Typical Drawbar Registration Patterns For The

Four Families Of Organ Sound
Flute family (2 step pattern)
Flute Tones
Accompaniment Flute 8' I
Accompaniment Flute 8' II
Accompaniment Flute 8' III
Chorus of Flutes 16'
Orchestral Flute 8'
Piccolo 2'
Stopped Flute 8'
Tibia 8'
Tibia 4'
Tibia (Theater) 16'
Wooden Open Flute 8'
00 8460 000
00 3220 000
00 8600 000
80 8605 002
00 3831 000
00 0006 003
00 5020 000
00 7030 000
00 0700 030
80 8605 004
00 8840 000
Reed family (triangle pattern)
Reed Tones
Bassoon 16'
Clarinet 8'
English Horn 8'
Flugel Horn 8'
French Horn
Kinura 8'
Oboe 8"
Trombone 8'
Trumpet 8'
Tuba Sonora 8'
Vox Humana 8'
44 7000 000
00 6070 540
00 3682 210
00 5777 530
00 7654 321
00 0172 786
00 4764 210
01 8777 530
00 6788 650
02 7788 640
00 4720 123
Diapason family (check mark pattern)
Diapason Tones
Accompaniment Diapason 8'
Chorus Diapason 8'
Diapason 8'
Echo Diapason 8'
Harmonic Diapason 16'
Horn Diapason 8'
Open Diapason 8'
Solo Diapason
Wood Diapason 8'
00 8874 210
00 8686 310
00 7785 321
00 4434 210
85 8524 100
00 8877 760
00 0606 045
00 8887 480
01 8866 430
01 8855 331
00 7754 321
String family (bow pattern)
String Tones
Cello 8'
Dulciana 8'
Gamba 8' I
Gemshorn 8'
Orchestral String 8'
Salicional 8'
Solo Viola 8'
Solo Violin 8'
Viola da Gamba 8'
Violina 4'
Violone 16
00 3564 534
00 7770 000
00 3484 443
00 4741 321
00 1464 321
00 2453 321
00 2474 341
00 3654 324
00 2465 432
00 0103 064
26 3431 000
Jazz and Pop Drawbar Registrations

On the Hammond Organ, any harmonic may be emphasized individually, or on the other hand, eliminated completely.
Even the fundamental may be eliminated. Because of this fact, many unusual and striking effects can be
developed.
A POP ORGAN TONE - 80 0000 008
The above is an example of what can be done using the Drawbars to create new sounds. This is a very popular combination
used by many pop organists. The effect of two harmonics five octaves apart gives a beautiful tone color for playing slower
songs or ballads.
A JAZZ ORGAN TONE - 88 8000 008
There are many hundreds of Drawbar combination which are not imitative of any instrument, but which are immediately
recognized as "Hammond Sounds". The above combination is an example. The basic Hammond Organ jazz sound is
gotten with the first three Drawbars, such as 88 8000 000. When the last white Drawbar is used along with the first three
Drawbars, a very pleasing effect is created. For playing slower songs, you may wish to try a little less of the last white
Drawbar - for example, 88 8000 005. The 8th harmonic will still be heard, but will not be as prominent.
Try Your Own Drawbar registrations

Part of the fun of playing your Hammond Sk instrument is to experiment with you r own Drawbar arrangements. It is not
essential that you use the registration set up on any music you may have or attempt to duplicate exactly the sound you may
hear on a favorite song.. These registrations merely represent the preference of t he composer, arranger or player and many
not be your choice of tonal color at all. You may find that the acoustics of the room in which you are playing may make
it desirable to vary slightly the registrations used . You may especially wish to supply a little more or a little less "brilliance"
by varying the amount of the higher-pitched Drawhars used. Do not hesitate to experiment with tonal colors on your - there
are man y thousands of beautiful tones in the instrument and part of the enjoyment of using Drawbars lies in creating new
sounds to make your music more interesting.
Changing Drawbar Registrations

Sometimes making dramatic changes of tone color in registration can be very effective in a musical presentation. However,
some selections may require changes of tone that are very "contrasty" in character and occasionally they come at a point
in the music where it will difficult to make them and continue to play without a break in your music. In this case, it is
recommended that you figure out ahead of time what Drawbar changes need to be made and save them to a Patch for later
recall. This is explained in the PATCHES & FAVORITES section.
In other cases, the registration change may need to be more subtle - for example, on a big pipe organ, a change of tone can
be affected by turning one or more stops on or off such that the change of tonal color represents an addition or
subtraction from the basic tone. This method of changing tonal colors gives you a very smooth and natural now of music.
It is therefore suggested that you practice making very simple Drawhar changes - one Drawhar, or two at most - which
you can do in a split second, and which will give you a noticeable change of tone yet one that is a natural transition from
the tone you have been using.
10
DRAWBAR SELECT Touch Tabs
These Touch Tabs allow you to use the Drawbars to control sounds for Upper Manual, Lower Manual and Pedal. If an
LED above a Touch Tab is lit, the Drawbars will control the tones represented by that Touch Tab.
Using the DRAWBAR SELECT Touch Tabs

The following examples are designed to acquaint you with the DRAWBAR SELECT Touch Tabs.
IMPORTANT NOTE: Before doing the following examples, make sure none of the EXTRA VOICE
ALLOCATE Touch Tabs (UPPER, LOW ER and SOLO) are ON.
TRY THIS:
1.
Touch the UPPER Touch Tab in the DRAWBAR SELECT Touch Tab section to turn it ON (red LED
lit).
2.
Create a Drawbar registration - for example, 88 8800 008. You can confirm the registration by consulting
the Information Center Display.
NOTE: To see the Drawbar registration displayed num erically, touch the PLAY Touch Button
repeatedly until the num bers show on the top line of the display.
3.
Play some notes on the manual (Sk1-series) or the Upper Manual of the Sk-2. You will hear the notes play
with the Drawbar registration you just set up.
11
Now, we will add a Lower Manual Drawbar registration.
TRY THIS:
1.
Touch the LOWER Touch Tab in the DRAWBAR SELECT Touch Tab section to turn it ON (red LED
lit).
2.
Create a Drawbar registration - for example, 00 8400 000. You can confirm the registration by consulting
the Information Center Display.
Sk-1, Sk1-73, Sk1-88:

3.
Touch the SPLIT Touch Button to turn the SPLIT feature ON, and play some notes on the manual to the
left of the split point. You will hear the notes play with the Drawbar registration you just set up.
3.
Play some notes on the Lower Manual. You will hear the notes play with the Drawbar registration you just
set up.
Sk-2:
12
Finally, here is how to add a Pedal or Bass registration.
TRY THIS:
1.
Touch the LOWER Touch Tab in the DRAWBAR SELECT Touch Tab section to turn it ON (red LED
lit).
2.
Create a Pedal Drawbar registration - for example, 60 0000 000. You can confirm the registration by
consulting the Information Center Display.
NOTE: As explained on page 13, the Pedal tones are created by using ONLY the first brow n Drawbar
and the first w hite Drawbar.
Sk-1, Sk1-73, Sk1-88:

3.
Touch the MAN. BASS Touch Button to transfer the Pedal tones to the manual and play some notes on the
left end of the manual. You will now hear the notes play with Pedal tones added.
3.
Touch the MAN. BASS Touch Button to transfer the Pedal tones to the Lower Manual and play some notes
on the left end of the Lower Manual. You will now hear the notes play with Pedal tones added.
Sk-2:
Sk1, Sk1-73, Sk1-88 - Please Read:

Drawbar parameter changes for the Lower Manual (L) will not be heard unless the SPLIT Touch Tab is ON and notes
are played below the Split point.
All Sk-series instruments - Please Read

On ALL Sk-series instruments, Drawbar parameter changes for the Pedal department (P) will not be heard unless the
MAN. BASS Touch Tab is ON or a MIDI Pedal clavier is connected.
Notice that only two (2) Drawbar settings are shown for the Pedals in the Information Center Display. On most Hammond
Organs with two manuals and pedals, there are two Drawbars for controlling the Pedal tones - one at 16'" pitch and the
other at 8' pitch. The Sk-series recreates this by using the Sub-Fundamental Drawbar (marked 16') and the
Fundamental Drawbar (marked 8') to control the Pedal sounds.
13
DRAWBAR Edit Menu

This Advanced Feature Menu allows you to make various changes to the characteristics of the Drawbars.
Accessing the DRAWBAR Edit Menu using the Touch Buttons:

1.
From the PLAY Screen, touch the MENU/EXIT Touch Button to see the first screen of the MENU Mode.
You will see A" displayed in the extreme upper left corner of the Information Center Display. You will also
notice that the word DRAWBAR is blinking.
2.
Touch the ENTER Touch Button once.
Accessing the DRAWBAR Edit Menu using a Shortcut:

Touch the UPPER and PEDAL DRAWBAR SELECT Touch Tabs together.
You are now in the DRAWBAR Edit Menu. You may now use the PAGE NAVIGATION Touch Buttons in
conjunction with the VALUE Rotary Control to make various changes to the characteristics of the Drawbars. These
changes are explained starting on the next page.
14
Keyboard Selection
Use the PAGE UP and PAGE DOWN Touch Button to scroll up through the Keyboard choices. You can select L&U
Lower and Upper) or PED (Pedal) The current choice will blink.
The following paragraphs will show how to change the Drawbar parameters for L&U (Lower and Upper Manuals)
DRAWBAR Edit Menu L&U - Page 1

If you followed the instructions on the previous page, Page 1 of the DRAWBAR Edit Menu displays. The legend
underneath L&U should now be blinking.
Drawbar Voice Mode

This Advanced Feature allows you to change the overall sound of the Drawbars. You can select, BType1", which
reproduces the sound of the B-3 tone-wheel generator, BType2, which is similar to BType1, but with more leakage noise
and flutter, Mellow, which produces a very pure sine-wave tone quality, Vx, which reproduces the sound of a
vintage British combo organ, Farf, which reproduces the sound of a vintage Italian combo organ, or Pipe, which
produces authentic pipe organ tones.
Turn the VALUE Rotary Control to the right to go forward through the choices.
Turn the VALUE Rotary Control to the left to go backward through the choices.
NOTE: The first three Drawbar Voice Modes are traditional Tone W heel settings. You can custom ize each one of
these Drawbar Voice Modes to your liking. This is explained in the CUSTOM TONE W HEEL section of this Guide.
IMPORTANT NOTE: The Vx. Farf. and Pipe Voice Modes change the operation of the Drawbars from
the traditional Hammond Harmonic Drawbar functions. This is explained starting on page 40 of this Guide.
15
What Is Key Click?

On a tone-wheel Hammond Organ, each time a key is depressed with an active Drawbar registration, a Key Click (or Key
Pop) is heard just before the note sounds. This is due to the fact that, unlike other electrical or electronic musical
instruments, the sound is always present at the key contacts. Therefore, touching a playing key will likely intercept the
sound wave at some point along its excursion, creating a spike or attack transient. This transient is heard as Key Click.
Since the generated sound is interrupted when a key is both pressed and released, there is a Release Key Click as well as
an Attack Key Click.
The Key Click Advanced Features on your Sk-series instrument allow you to replicate this characteristic of vintage tonewheel organs.
From the previous screen, touch the PAGE RIGHT Touch Button once. The number underneath the letters AT
should now be blinking.
Attack - Key Click

This Advanced Feature allows you to change the amount of Attack Key Click, or the click that is heard when a note is first
played..
Turn the VALUE Rotary Control to the right to increase the amount of Attack Key Click.
Turn the VALUE Rotary Control to the left to decrease the amount of Attack Key Click.
From the previous screen, touch the PAGE RIGHT Touch Button once. The number underneath the letters RL
Release - Key Click

This Advanced Feature allows you to change the amount of Release Key Click, or the click that is heard when a note is
released.
Turn the VALUE Rotary Control to the right to increase the amount of Release Key Click.
Turn the VALUE Rotary Control to the left to decrease the amount of Release Key Click.
NOTE: One or m ore Drawbars m ust be active (pulled out) in order to hear the Key Click effect.
16
From the previous screen, touch the PAGE RIGHT Touch Button once. The number underneath the letters LPF
Low-Pass Filter (LPF)

This Advanced Feature allows you to adjust the tone quality of both the Attack and Release Key Click tones.
Turn the VALUE Rotary Control to the right to make the Key Click brighter.
Turn the VALUE Rotary Control to the left to make the Key Click mellower.
NOTE: LPF is an abbreviation for Low-Pass Filter, or a circuit which allows only low frequencies to pass
through. The m ore filtering is applied, the duller the sound, while less filtering will result in a brighter sound.
17
DRAWBAR Edit Menu L&U - Page 2 - FOLDBACK

From the previous screen, touch the PAGE RIGHT Touch Button once. Page 2 of the DRAWBAR Edit Menu should
now display. The Information Center Display should now look like this:
Drawbar Fold Back

There are two function selections to the Drawbar Fold Back Advanced Feature Menu of the Sk-series: (1) Select how low
the Sub-Fundamental Drawbar will play on each manual (from 2C down to 1C). (2) Set the upper frequency limit for
each manual (from 4G to 5C).
On the earliest model Hammond Organs, the Sub-Fundamental Drawbar (the one marked, 16') would continue to play
all the way down to the lowest "C" ("1C"). Newer models such as the Hammond Models X-66, X-77 and Concorde do
the same, however, the 8th harmonic Drawbar (the one marked 1') continues to play up the manual to the next to highest
"C" ("5C") on the manual.
On a B-3, the lowest note produced by the Sub-Fundamental Drawbar is the 2nd "C" ("2C") from the left end of the
manual, while the highest note that can be played by the 8th harmonic Drawbar is the 4th "F<" from the left end of the
manual. The lower and higher keys on the manual "Fold Back, in that they repeat the pitches played by other notes.
This Advanced Feature allows you to set the upper and lower frequency limits of the Drawbars.
Use the PAGE LEFT and PAGE RIGHT Touch Buttons to select either LO or HI. LO refers to the lower limit of
the Sub-Fundamental or first brown Drawbar while HI refers to the upper limit of the pitches called up by the highpitched Drawbars (the last four Drawbars). The selected parameter will blink on and off.
Turn the VALUE Rotary Control to the right to move the Foldback point higher.
Turn the VALUE Rotary Control to the left to move the Foldback point lower.
18
From the previous screen, touch the PAGE RIGHT Touch Button once. The number underneath the letters VOL
Drawbar Volume
This Advanced Feature allows you to adjust the level of the entire Drawbar section of the instrument.
Turn the VALUE Rotary Control to the right to increase the overall volume of the Drawbar tones.
Turn the VALUE Rotary Control to the left to decrease the overall volume of the Drawbar tones.
19
DRAWBAR Edit Menu L&U - Page 3 - UPPER

From the previous screen, touch the PAGE RIGHT Touch Button once. Page 3 of the DRAWBAR Edit Menu should
Upper Manual Octave

This Advanced Feature allows you to select the Octave range in which the Upper Manual will play. You can select -2"
(up to two octaves down) through +2" (up to two octaves up).
Turn the VALUE Rotary Knob to the right to move the Upper Manual Octave up.
Turn the VALUE Rotary Knob to the left to move the Upper Manual Octave down.
From the previous screen, touch the PAGE RIGHT Touch Button once. The number underneath the letters LO
Drawbar Zone - Lower Limit - Upper Manual

This Advanced Feature allows you to set the lowest note the Upper Manual Drawbars will play. The data chart below
shows the options you may select for your particular Sk-series instrument.
DRAWBAR ZONE - Lower Limit Options - Upper Manual

M odel
Options
Sk1, Sk2
1C ~ 6C
Sk1-73
0F ~ 6F
Sk1-88
0C ~ 8C
Turn the VALUE Rotary Control to the right to increase the number and move the lower limit farther to the right.
Turn the VALUE Rotary Control to the left to decrease the number and move the lower limit farther to the left.
NOTE: The Upper Lim it num ber can not be lower than the Lower Lim it num ber.
20
From the previous screen, touch the PAGE RIGHT Touch Button once. The number underneath the letters HI
Drawbar Zone - Upper Limit - Upper Manual

This Advanced Feature allows you to set the lowest note the Upper Manual Drawbars will play. The data chart below
DRAWBAR ZONE - Upper Limit Options - Upper Manual

M odel
Options
Sk1, Sk2
1C ~ 6C
Sk1-73
0F ~ 6F
Sk1-88
0C ~ 8C
DRAWBAR Edit Menu L&U - Page 4 - LOWER

From the previous screen, touch the PAGE RIGHT Touch Button once Page 3 of the DRAWBAR Edit Menu should
Drawbar Octave - Lower

This Advanced Feature allows you to select the Octave range in which the Lower Manual Drawbars will play. You can
select -2" (the sound is two octaves below the regular pitch), -1" (the sound is one octave below the regular pitch), +0"
(the sound is at normal pitch), +1" (the sound is one octave above the regular pitch) or +2" (the sound is two octaves
above the regular pitch),
Turn the VALUE Rotary Control to the right to raise the Octave.
Turn the VALUE Rotary Control to the left to lower the Octave.
21
Drawbar Zone - Lower Limit - Lower Manual

This Advanced Feature allows you to set the lowest note the Lower Manual Drawbars will play. The data chart below
DRAWBAR ZONE - Lower Limit Options - Lower Manual

M odel
Options
Sk1, Sk2
Sk1-73
Sk1-88
1C ~ 6C
0F ~ 6F
0C ~ 8C
Drawbar Zone - Upper Limit - Lower Manual

This Advanced Feature allows you to set the lowest note the Lower Manual Drawbars will play. The data chart below
DRAWBAR ZONE - Upper Limit Options - Lower Manual

M odel
Options
Sk1, Sk2
Sk1-73
Sk1-88
1C ~ 6C
0F ~ 6F
0C ~ 8C
Turn the VALUE Rotary Control to the left to decrease the number and the lower limit farther to the left.
22
DRAWBAR Edit Menu PEDAL

To access the Drawbar Edit Menu for the PEDAL Drawbar sounds, do the following:
1.
From any of the PLAY Mode screens, touch the MENU/EXIT Touch Button once. The Information Center Display
should now look like this:
The word DRAWBAR should now be blinking.

2.
Touch the ENTER Touch Button once. The Information Center Display should now look like this:
You are now in the DRAWBAR Edit Menu.

3.
Now touch the PAGE UP Touch Button once. The Information Center Display should now look like this:
You may now use the PAGE NAVIGATION Touch Buttons in conjunction with the VALUE Rotary Control to
make changes to the characteristics of the Pedal Drawbars. Theses changes are explained starting on the next page.
23
If you followed the steps described on the previous page to get to the screen shown below, the word underneath the word
PEDAL should be blinking. If it is not, touch the PAGE LEFT Touch Button repeatedly until it is.
DRAWBAR Edit Menu PEDAL - Page 1 - Pedal Voicing
This Advanced Feature allows you to change the overall sound of the Pedal Drawbar tones. The data chart below shows
the options you may select.
PEDAL DRAWBAR VOICING Options

Description
Function
Norm
The Pedal voicing of a vintage Ham m ond Organ.
Muted
Very m ellow Pedal tones.
Synth1
A sawtooth waveform with a wow type filter envelope.
Synth2
A dull square wave, or clarinet type sound.
Turn the VALUE Rotary Control to select the Pedal Voicing that you prefer.
DRAWBAR Edit Menu PEDAL - Page 1 - Pedal Attack/Key Click

From the previous screen, touch the PAGE RIGHT Touch Button once. The words just underneath the word
ATTACK should now be blinking.
This Advanced Feature allows you to change the type of Attack for the Pedal tones that you prefer. The data chart below
shows the options you may select.
DRAWBAR PEDAL ATTACK Options

Description
SLOW ATTK
NO CLK
SOFT CLK
NORM CLK
MAX CLK
Function
No click and a slow attack.
An instant attack but no click.
An instant attack ad s soft click.
An instant attack and a norm al am ount of click.
An instant attack and the m axim um am ount of click.
Turn the VALUE Rotary Control to select the Pedal Attack that you prefer.
24
DRAWBAR Edit Menu PEDAL - Page 2

From the previous screen, touch the PAGE RIGHT Touch Button once. Page 2 of the DRAWBAR PEDAL Edit Menu
should now display. The legend just underneath the word DCY should now be blinking.
Pedal Decay
Using this Advanced Feature, you can select whether the Pedal note sounds continually or fades away while you are
holding a Pedal down. You can select C (no decay - pedal sounds at the same volume for as long as it is held) or various
lengths of Decay from 1" (shortest) to 5" (longest).
Turn the VALUE Rotary Control to select the Pedal Decay amount that you prefer.
From the previous screen, touch the PAGE RIGHT Touch Button once. The legend just underneath the word SUS
Pedal Sustain
This Advanced Feature allows you to change the amount of Pedal Sustain, or length of time the Pedal note will continue
to sound after the pedal is released. You can select from 1" (shortest) to 5" (longest).
Turn the VALUE Rotary Control to select the amount of Pedal Sustain that you prefer.
NOTE: The P.SUS Touch Tab m ust be ON (LED lit) in order to enable this feature.
NOTE: You can access this Advanced Feature Menu Page directly by touching and holding the P.SUS Touch
Tab.
25
From the previous screen, touch the PAGE RIGHT Touch Button once. The legend just underneath the word VEL
should now strobe.
Pedal Velocity
This Advanced Feature allows you to determine how the notes will respond to key velocity. You can select OF or off
(standard organ touch - the notes sound at the same volume regardless of a light or heavy key pressure) and 1 ~ 4". 1"
is the most exaggerated velocity curve while 4" is a gentler curve. 2" and 3" are curves in between.
Turn the VALUE Rotary Control to select the setting that you prefer.

should now display. The legend just underneath the word MODE should now be blinking.
Pedal Mode - Polyphony

This Advanced Feature allows you to select the playing mode of the Pedals. The data chart below shows the options you
may select.
Pedal Mode Options

Description
Function
POLY
Polyphonic - m ore than one pedal note can sound at a tim e, as on a vintage organ.
MONO
Monophonic low-note select - if m ore than one pedal is played only the lowest note will sound.
LAST
Monophonic last-note select - if m ore than one pedal is played the last played note will sound.
Turn the VALUE Rotary Control to make your selection.
26

should now display. The legend just underneath the word OCT should now be blinking.
Drawbar Octave - Pedals

This Advanced Feature allows you to select the Octave range in which the Pedal Drawbars will play. The data chart below
shows the options you may select.
Octave Options
Description
Function
-2
The sound is two octaves below the regular pitch.
-1
The sound is one octave below the regular pitch.
The sound is at norm al pitch.
+1
The sound is one octave above the regular pitch.
+2
The sound is two octaves above the regular pitch.
Turn the VALUE Rotary Control to the right to raise the Octave.
Turn the VALUE Rotary Control to the left to lower the Octave.
27
Drawbar Zone - Lower Limit - Pedals

This Advanced Feature allows you to set the lowest note the Pedal Drawbars will play. The data chart below shows the
options you may select for your particular Sk-series instrument.
EXTRA VOICE ZONE - Lower Limit Options

M odel
Options
Sk1, Sk2
1C ~ 6C
Sk1-73
0F ~ 6F
Sk1-88
0C ~ 8C
Drawbar Zone - Upper Limit - Pedals

This Advanced Feature allows you to set the lowest note the Pedal Drawbars will play. The data chart below shows the
options you may select for your particular Sk-series instrument.
EXTRA VOICE ZONE - Lower Limit Options

M odel
Options
Sk1, Sk2
1C ~ 6C
Sk1-73
0F ~ 6F
Sk1-88
0C ~ 8C
28
What Are Tone Wheels?

Tone Wheels (or phonic wheels) are the method by which vintage Hammond Organs generate tone. Each individual
frequency is generated by a steel disk 1 7/8" in diameter and containing a number of high and low points called teeth on
its outer edge. (See the illustration below.) These disks are the Tone Wheels. The most common tone-wheel generator
has a total of 96 tone wheels. In order to generate all the different frequencies, the tone wheels have different numbers of
teeth - some wheels have 2 teeth, others have 4 teeth, others have 8, 16, 32, 64, 128, up to 192 teeth. On a B-3-type organ,
only 91 of the 96 wheels generate musical notes - five of the wheels are blanks, or wheels having no teeth, to maintain
balance. On later Hammond models such as the H-100 and X-77-series, the last 5 tone wheels are cut with 256 teeth,
allowing them to play frequencies 91 through 96.
Notice in the drawing above that the tone wheels are placed so that they rotate next to magnetized rods. Each rod has a
small coil of wire wrapped around one end. The tip of the magnet at the coil end is ground to a sharp edge and mounted
near the edge of the tone wheel. Every tone wheel that produces a note has a magnet associated with it.
Notice also that the tone wheels are geared together. A constant-speed motor drives the gears which in turn cause the tone
wheels to rotate. As the wheels rotate they do not touch the magnets, but pass very close to them. Each time a high spot
passes the magnet, it generates a very small electrical current in the coil.
The number of high spots or teeth passing the magnet each second determines the musical note produced. If, for example,
440 teeth pass the magnet each second, 440 electrical impulses will be generated which, when converted into sound with
a speaker, will sound the note, A-440.
After going through a number of other processes, the electrical impulses finally reach the amplifier, which strengthens
them enough to drive a speaker system, which in turn converts the electrical signal into audible tone. It is this audible tone
which is heard as the Hammond Sound.
What is Leakage?
As explained above, each tone wheel rotates next to a magnet, making a total of 91 or 96 magnets, one for each tone wheel.
The tone wheels are mounted in separate bins in order to isolate them from each other and prevent the magnets from
intercepting frequencies from neighboring wheels; however, a small amount of current may still leak through, producing
a phenomenon called Leakage. Leakage is usually heard as a hash type sound consisting of many frequencies sounding
at once. The phenomenon can be thought of as similar to white noise but with somewhat more definition, with individual
pitches more discernable. A properly calibrated B-3 will have a minimum of this effect; however, an instrument which
has been subjected to hard use over a period of time may exhibit more leakage noise.
What Is Motor Noise?

The tone-wheel generator is secured to the console by means of four bolts. These bolts have reversible sleeves which can
be positioned so that the entire tone-wheel generator can be suspended inside the console to keep vibration to a minimum
and to prevent the console from amplifying the noise made by the synchronous motor. However, when moving the organ,
these bolts can be reversed to secure the generator directly to the console shelf to prevent damage. The organ can be
operated with the generator either suspended or bolted down; however, when the generator is bolted down, more motor
noise will be heard.
29
Creating your own Custom Tone Wheels

As stated on page 11, the first three Drawbar Voice Modes - B-type1, B-type2, and Mellow - are designed to
reproduce the sound of traditional Hammond Organs. Within each of these three Voice Modes are four different settings
designed to reproduce specific characteristics of vintage Hammond Organs.
During the time the vintage Hammonds - B-models, C-models, A-100, etc. - were being manufactured, each individual
organ was subjected to a very rigorous series of checks and tests to insure the quality of each unit, and to insure that all
the units representing a particular model series, such as the B-3, all sounded alike. However, since the very newest B-3type organ is at least 37 years old - production of tone-wheel organs having ceased in 1975 - and since the vintage
instruments long antedate digital technology, they are dependent for their sound on analog components. Several factors
such as the rate at which different components age, the fact that similar components used different materials throughout
the lifespan of the model series, etc. may affect the sound of a particular unit. Thus, a B-3 manufactured in 1959 may well
have a slightly different tone than one made in 1969, not necessarily because of the year but because of slight differences
in component values among other factors.
Over the years, a great deal of arcane folklore - a great deal of it falling into a category best described as old wives fables has sprung up regarding such topics as the superiority or inferiority of this or that period of time during which vintage
Hammonds were manufactured, the superiority or inferiority of types of materials for certain components, etc. Some of
these differences do exist, but as noted above, they are more likely to be the result of factors not necessarily having
anything to do with the age of the instrument. Many characteristics of the Hammond Organ, especially as heard in much
jazz and rock music, have to do with the overall condition of the instrument - whether it has been in a home for the bulk
of its life and played only rarely, whether it has been used by a touring musical ensemble and been moved frequently,
perhaps even dropped occasionally, or even whether it has sat in a recording studio with sporadic or no maintenance, etc.
Because of these many factors - again, some real, some contrived - and because different people therefore mean different
things when they say Hammond Sound or B-3 Sound, the Custom Tone Wheel feature is included to allow you to find
the nearest approximation of what you want your Hammond Sound to be. The following pages will explain the feature
in more depth.
SPECIAL NOTE: The characteristics of Drawbar Voice Types Btype1" and Btype2" apply equally to all Ham m ond
Organ based on the B-3 design, which includes m odels B-3, C-3, A-100 series, RT-3 and D-100 series. Contrary to
popular m yth, there is NO inherent difference between a B-3 and a C-3 - they were m anufactured to the identical
specification except for the cabinet design. The A-100 and D-100 had slightly different circuitry due to the need to
drive self-contained speakers; however, they were calibrated the sam e as the B-3 and C-3 so that they sounded
identical when connected to either an external Ham m ond speaker or an external Leslie Speaker. For the sake of
brevity, B-3" will be used to refer to all m odels based on the sam e platform .
30
CUSTOM TONE WHEEL Edit Menu

This Advanced Feature Menu allows you to select from among a library of different Tone Wheel settings so that each of
the three Tone Wheel Drawbar Voicings - Btype1, Btype2, and Mellow - will have the sound you want, as well as
create your own Custom Tone Wheels.
To access the CUSTOM TONE WHEEL Edit Menu, do the following:
1.
From any of the PLAY Mode screens, touch the MENU/EXIT Touch Button once. The Information Center
Display should now look like this:

2.
From the A Screen, touch the PAGE UP < Touch Button once. The Information Center Display should
look like this for the B Screen of the Menu Mode:
The word CUST.TW should now be blinking.

3.
You are now in the CUSTOM TONE WHEEL Edit Menu. You may now use the PAGE NAVIGATION Touch
Buttons in conjunction with the VALUE Rotary Control to create Custom Tone Wheels. These changes are
explained starting on the next page.
31
If you followed the instructions on the previous page, you should now see Page 1 of the CUSTOM TONE WHEEL Edit
Menu. The legend underneath the word TONEWHEEL should now be blinking.
Use the VALUE Rotary Control to select Btyp1, Btype2" or Mellow.

4.
After you have made your selection, touch the PAGE UP Touch Button to access the choices for the selected
Drawbar Voicing Type:
There are four choices available for Btype1" and Btype2:"

Real B-3" - Replicates a B-3 in good condition. Contains moderate motor hum and leakage noise.
80's Clean - Based upon a very clean-sounding B-3. The motor hum or leakage noise has been removed,
the vibration caused by the wow-flutter of the motor remains.
Noisy Similar to Real B-3, but with more motor hum and leakage noise.
Noisy 60" - Similar to Noisy, but with more leakage noise.
There are also four choices of sound for the Mellow setting:
Full Flats - Pure sine waves, with all frequencies sounding at the same volume.
Husky Pure sine waves, but with a slight bass and mid-frequency boost.
Flute Lead - Pure sine waves, but with reduced bass and treble, the opposite of Husky.
Cheap Tr.s - Reduced bass response, producing a sound similar to low-grade AM radio.
32
From the previous screen, touch the PAGE UP Touch Button once. Page 2 of the CUSTOM TONE WHEEL Edit
Menu should now display. The Information Center Display should look similar to this:
CUSTOM TONE WHEEL Edit Menu - Page 2 - Custom Name

This Advanced Feature allows you to name a Custom Tone Wheel setting. This would normally be the final step after you
have made the rest of your parameter settings and are satisfied with the results. You should have also saved your settings.
NOTE: Nam ing a Custom Tone W heel is covered in m ore detail on page 39.
Use the PAGE LEFT and PAGE RIGHT Select Touch Buttons to select the character to be edited.
Turn the VALUE Rotary Control to the right to scroll forward through the characters.
Turn the VALUE Rotary Control to the left to scroll backward through the characters.
The available characters include: Punctuation Marks (space - . &), Numeric Characters (0 ~ 9), Upper-case
Letters (A ~ Z), and Lower-case Letters (a ~ z).
33
CUSTOM TONE WHEEL Edit Menu - Page 3 WHEEL

This Advanced Feature Menu Page allows you to change of the characteristics of all 96 tone wheels individually.
What Is Generator Calibration?

Because each frequency on a Hammond Organ is generated independently and the circuitry and hardware necessary to
generate each tone is quite complex, there is the potential for a great deal of variation in sound from one frequency to
another.
The above diagram shows how a single frequency is generated. As explained on page 25, there is one tone wheel for each
frequency. The number of tone wheels which generate actual frequencies varies with the model. Organs based on the
original Hammond design - the model A and its derivatives (B-3, C-3, etc.) had 91 tone wheels that sound, while later
models such as the H series and the X-77 had 96 (the extra five tone wheels being used to generate higher frequencies).
As explained previously, each tone has a magnetized rod associated with it. When the tone wheels rotate, a very small
electrical current is generated in the coil each time a high spot passes the magnet. The strength of the current determines
the loudness of the resulting musical note.
At the Hammond tone-wheel factory, the distance of each magnet to each tone wheel - as well as the number of windings
for each coil - was very carefully controlled to insure that each frequency would play at the correct volume. In other words,
the generator on each tone-wheel organ was very carefully calibrated. However, a number of third-party technicians
would re-calibrate generators to change the sound in various ways - make the sound brighter, etc. The CUSTOM TONE
WHEEL Advanced Feature Menu allows you to re-calibrate the digital tone wheels of your instrument to create exactly
the tone quality you desire.
NOTE: In order to use this Advanced Feature, you should already have som e idea of the type of sound you want.
Also, you should be prepared that getting the results you want m ay require som e trial-and-error before you are
satisfied with the results.
34
Selecting a Tone Wheel to Edit

TRY THIS:
1.
From the previous screen (page 32), touch the PAGE UP Touch Button once. The Information Center
Shown above is Page 3 of the CUSTOM TONE WHEEL Edit Menu.

Notice that the number on the extreme left of the lower line is blinking. This number represents the currently
selected Tone Wheel.
Using the VALUE Rotary Control to select Tone Wheels

Turning the VALUE Rotary Control will allow you to scroll through the Tone Wheels. You can select from 1"
(1C) through 96 (8B). Simply turn the control until you find the number you want.
Using the Drawbars and Keyboard to select Tone Wheels

If you want to find a certain Tone Wheel quickly, you can use the Drawbars and the playing keys to select it.
Each individual Drawbar will play a different portion of the Tone Wheels. The data chart below shows how the
Tone Wheels are allocated to each Drawbar
Drawbar Voice Options

Draw bar
Tone W heels
16'
+W heels 1 ~ 61
Wheels 20 ~ 80
8'
Wheels 13 ~73
4'
Wheels 25 ~ 85
*Wheels 32 ~ 92
2'
*Wheels 37 ~ 96
L
1 C
*Wheels 41 ~ 96
1'
*Wheels 49 ~ 96
*Wheels 44 ~ 96
+ - The lower note limit of this Drawbar is determined by the Drawbar Foldback setting.
* - The upper note limit of this Drawbar is determined by the Drawbar Foldback setting.
35
TRY THIS:
1.
Make sure all the Drawbars are OFF (pushed in).
2.
Make sure the Information Center Display shows Screen 3 of the CUSTOM TONE WHEEL Edit Menu.
The Information Center Display should look similar to this:
Notice that the number on the extreme left of the lower line is blinking. This number represents the currently
selected Tone Wheel.
3.
Pull out a Drawbar - for example, the first white (8') Drawbar. Notice that the number on the extreme left
of the lower line has now changed, as has the note name.
When you pull out a Drawbar without touching any playing keys, the lowest note represented by that
Drawbar will display.
Now, suppose you want to select a specific Tone Wheel to edit. To do this:
4.
Press and hold a note on the manual.

NOTE: If you have the SK-2, press and hold a note on the Upper Manual.
5.
While holding down a key, move a Drawbar - for example, the first black (2 b) Drawbar.
The number shown in the Information Center Display will be the number of the Tone Wheel associated with
that key and that Drawbar. You can now edit the selected Tone Wheel.
After you have selected a Tone Wheel to edit, you can change the characteristics of that Tone Wheel. This is
36
From the previous screen, touch the PAGE RIGHT Touch Button once. The legend underneath the word LEV
should be blinking.
LEV - Tone Wheel Level

This Advanced Feature allows you to adjust the volume or level of the selected Tone Wheel. You can select from -20"
(lowest level) through +2" (loudest level). The numbers represent decibels, or units of volume.
Turn the VALUE Rotary Control to the right to increase the level of the selected Tone Wheel.
Turn the VALUE Rotary Control to the left to increase the level of the selected Tone Wheel.
From the previous screen, touch the PAGE RIGHT Touch Button once. The legend underneath the word LPF
should be blinking.
LPF - Low-Pass Filter

This Advanced Feature allows you to control the high-frequency content, including Leakage Noise, of the selected Tone
Wheel. You can select from 0" (minimum number of high frequencies and only the fundamental of the Tone Wheel is
heard) through 127" (maximum high-frequency content and Leakage).
Turn the VALUE Rotary Control to the right to increase the highs of the selected Tone Wheel.
Turn the VALUE Rotary Control to the left to increase the highs of the selected Tone Wheel.
37
From the previous screen, touch the PAGE RIGHT Touch Button once. The legend underneath the word RES
should be blinking.
RES - Tone Wheel Resonance

This Advanced Feature allows you to adjust the level of the Low-Pass Filter (LPF). You can select from 0" (high
frequencies at their lowest level) through 127" (high frequencies at their highest level).
Turn the VALUE Rotary Control to the right to boost the high frequencies.
Turn the VALUE Rotary Control to the left to reduce the high frequencies.
From the previous screen, touch the PAGE RIGHT Touch Button once. The legend underneath the word HPF
should be blinking.
HPF - High-Pass Filter

This Advanced Feature allows you to adjust the level of the High-Pass Filter (HPF). You can select from 0" (low
frequencies at their lowest level) through 127" (low frequencies at their highest level).
Turn the VALUE Rotary Control to the right to boost the low frequencies.
Turn the VALUE Rotary Control to the left to reduce the low frequencies.
IMPORTANT NOTE: If you change any of the Custom Tone W heel settings, you must save them in order
for them to be remembered. If the changes are not saved, they will be lost when power to the instrument is
switched OFF.
38
Saving a Custom Tone Wheel

TRY THIS:
1.
Access the CUSTOM TONE WHEEL Edit Menu using the procedure described on page 30. You should
now see Page 1 of the CUSTOM TONE WHEEL Edit Menu.
2.
Use the VALUE Rotary Control to select the Custom Tone Wheel you want to modify.
SPECIAL NOTE: If you want to create a new Custom Tone W heel, you can do so by using the VALUE
Rotary Control to scroll past num ber 4. If you do this you will see the num ber 5" and a blank nam e. In this
way, you can create a Custom Tone W heel without disturbing any of the preprogram m ed Custom Tone
W heels. If, on the other hand, you want to m ake changes or m odifications to the preset Custom Tone W heels,
select one of them before proceeding to step 3 below.
3.
Make whatever changes you want to the editable parameters - Level, Resonance, etc.
4.
After you have made all your edits and you have the sound you want, Touch and Release the RECORD
Touch Button.
The Information Center Display should now look similar to this:
5.
If you DO NOT wish to save the parameters you have changed, touch the MENU/EXIT or PLAY Touch
Button.
If you want to overwrite the Custom Tone Wheel with your new edited settings, touch the ENTER Touch
Button. The bottom line of the Information Center Display will scroll the following:
Recording...
After the above stops scrolling, your edits have been saved.
IM PORTANT: It is recommended that you create and then save a Custom Tone Wheel before renaming it. It is also recommended that you rename your Custom Tone Wheel after saving it.
39
Naming a Custom Tone Wheel

TRY THIS:
1.
Access the CUSTOM TONE WHEEL Edit Menu using the procedure described on page 32. You should
now see Page 1 of the CUSTOM TONE WHEEL Edit Menu.
2.
Use the PAGE UP and PAGE DOWN Touch Buttons to select the Custom Tone Wheel you want to rename.
3.
After you have made your selection, Name your Custom Tone Wheel by doing the following:
Use the PAGE LEFT and PAGE RIGHT Select Touch Buttons to select the character to be edited.
Turn the VALUE Rotary Control to the right to scroll forward through the characters.
Turn the VALUE Rotary Control to the left to scroll backward through the characters.
The available characters include: Punctuation Marks (space - . &), Numeric Characters (0 ~ 9), Uppercase Letters (A ~ Z), and Lower-case Letters (a ~ z).
4.
After you have finished editing, Touch and Release the RECORD Touch Button.
The Information Center Display should now look similar to this:
5.
If you DO NOT wish to save the parameters you have changed, touch the MENU/EXIT or PLAY Touch
Button.
If you want to overwrite the Custom Tone Wheel with your new edited settings, touch the ENTER Touch
Button. The bottom line of the Information Center Display will scroll the following:
Recording...
After the above stops scrolling, your Custom Tone Wheel has been renamed.
40
Drawbar Organ Type

The Drawbars on the Sk1 and Sk2 can be made to control other organ sounds other than traditional Hammond Drawbars.
Several makes of combo organs, for example, also used Drawbar-type slider controls to register the sounds, which were
actual organ voices rather than individual harmonics as with Hammond Drawbars. This Advanced Feature allows you to
use the Drawbars to control other types of organ sounds.
TRY THIS:
1.

2.
Touch the ENTER Touch Button once. You will then be in the DRAWBAR Edit Menu, and the Information
Center Display should now look like this:
Notice that the legend just underneath L&U is blinking.

You can now turn the VALUE Rotary Control to select what type of organ sound will be associated with the
Drawbars. The first three Drawbar Organ Types are traditional vintage Hammond, or tone-wheel settings.
However, the last three organ types allow you to use the Drawbars to register other types of organ sounds. This is
41
Drawbar Organ Type - Vx

The Vx Drawbar Organ Type allows you to use the Drawbars to register the sound of a vintage British combo organ.
TRY THIS:
1.
If you have not already done so, access the DRAWBAR Edit Menu. The quickest way to do this is to use
the Shortcut shown below:
2.
Turn the VALUE Rotary Control until the Information Center Display shows the following:
You may now use the Drawbars to control vintage combo organ tones. The figure below shows how the Drawbars
are allocated in Vx mode.
The type of combo organ replicated by Vx mode had drawbar-type controls, but they functioned differently from
Hammond Harmonic Drawbars. Organ. The first four Drawbars control individual pitches, while the next three
are Mixture Drawbars which cause multiple pitches to sound. II, III and IV refer to the number of pitches
represented by that Drawbar.
The last two Drawbars control the type of tone produced by the first seven Drawbars. The eighth Drawbar causes
pure tones to sound while the last Drawbar causes brighter and more harmonically complex tones to sound.
NOTE: The first seven Drawbars W ILL NOT sound unless one or both of the last two Drawbars are also out.
These two Drawbars regulate the overall volum e as well as tim bre of the total Drawbar registration, and can
be used separately or together.
42
Drawbar Organ Type - Farf

The Farf Drawbar Organ Type allows you to use the Drawbars to register the sound of a vintage Italian combo organ.
TRY THIS:
1.
2.
You may now use the Drawbars to control vintage combo organ tones. The figure below shows how the Drawbars
are allocated in Farf mode.
The above configuration follows the layout of the Combo Compact series of combo organ, which used rockertype tilt tablets rather than Drawbars to turn voices on and off. On the Sk-series instruments, the Drawbars are
used to control the same sounds. To replicate the effect of tablets, simply pull the Drawbar(s) representing the
tone(s) you want out all the way. Or, you can create shadings of tones by using the Drawbars in the more
traditional fashion.
43
Drawbar Organ Type - Pipe

The Pipe Drawbar Organ Type allows you to use the Drawbars to register authentic pipe organ tones.
TRY THIS:
1.
2.
You may now use the Drawbars to control the voices of a classical pipe organ. The figure below shows how the
Drawbars are allocated in Pipe mode.
IMPORTANT NOTE: W hen Pipe mode is activated, the Drawbars will function similar to drawstops
on a traditional pipe organ - pulling a Drawbar out will turn the associated Pipe Voice ON while
pushing the Drawbar in will turn the Pipe Voice OFF. The Pipe Voices do not have gradations of
volume - they are either ON or OFF.
44
PIPE Edit Menu

This Advanced Feature allows you to change the characteristics of the Drawbar Pipe Voices.
To edit the Drawbar Pipe Voices, it is recommended that the Drawbar Voice Mode be set to Pipe so you can preview
the changes you make. To do this:
Follow steps 1 and 2 from the preceding page. The Drawbars will now control the Pipe tones.
To access the PIPE Edit Menu, do the following:
1.

2.
From the A Screen, touch the PAGE UP < Touch Button five times. The Information Center Display should look
like this for the B Screen of the Menu Mode:
The word PIPE should now be blinking.

3.
You are now in the PIPE Edit Menu. You may now use the PAGE NAVIGATION Touch Buttons in conjunction with
the VALUE Rotary Control to change the characteristics of the Pipe voices. These are is explained starting on the next
page.
45
Selecting a Pipe Voice to Edit

Your Sk-series instrument has a total of 20 Pipe voices - nine (9) for the Upper Manual, nine (9) for the Lower Manual
and two (2) for the Pedals. Below is a list of the voices and the screen abbreviations:
UPPER
Bourdon 16' (Bourdn16)
Open Diapason 8'' (OpnDiap8)
Gedeckt 8' (Gedeckt8)
Voix Celeste 8' (VnCelst8)
Octave 4' (Octave 4)
Flute Dolce 4' (FlDolce4")
Flute 2' (Flute 2)
Mixture 3 ranks (Mixt.III)
Hautbois 8' (Hautboi8)
LOWER
Principal 16' (Princi16)
Principal 8' (Princi 8)
Melodia 8' (Melodia8)
Rohr Flute 8' (RohrFl.8)
Prestant 4' (Prestnt4)
Flute 4' (Flute 4)
Super Octave 2' (SupOct 2)
Mixture 4 ranks (Mixt. IV)
Trompette 8' (Trompet8)
PEDAL
Sub Bass 16' & Bourdon 8' (Bass16+8)
Principal Chorus 8' & Mixture IV' ()
The figure below shows how the Pipe Voices are distributed among the individual Drawbars.
Use the PAGE UP and PAGE DOWN Touch Buttons to select the Pipe voice you wish to edit.
46
TRY THIS:
1.
Follow the instructions on the previous page to see Page 1 of the PIPE Edit Menu:
Notice that Bourdn16" is displayed on the lower line. This means that the characteristics of the Bourdon 16"
Upper Manual Pipe Voice can be changed.
2.
Touch the PAGE UP Touch Button once. The Information Center Display should now look similar to this:
Now you will see UPPER 2" on the top line of the Information Center Display and OpnDiap8" on the lower line
directly below it. This means that you can now edit the parameters for the Open Diapason 8" pipe voice.
3.
Now touch the PAGE UP Touch Button repeatedly until the Information Center Display looks similar to
this:
Now you will see LOWER 2" on the top line of the Information Center Display and Princi16" on the lower line
directly below it. This means that you can now edit the parameters for the Principal 16" pipe voice.
4.
Now touch the PAGE UP Touch Button repeatedly until the Information Center Display looks similar to
this:
Now you will see PEDAL 1" on the top line of the Information Center Display and Bass16+8" on the lower line
directly below it. This means that you can now edit the parameters for the Bass16+8" pipe voice.
After you have selected which Pipe Voice you want to edit, you can make the following changes:
PIPE VOICE EDIT Options

Description
Function
VOLUME
Allows you to set the Volum e for the selected Pipe Voice.
DETUNE
Allows you to detune the selected Pipe Voice.
CHIFF
Allows you to set the am ount of Chiff or attack for the selected Pipe Voice.
CUTOFF
Allows you to set the brightness of the selected Pipe Voice by setting its Filter Cutoff point.
PAN L-R
Allows you to set the directionality of the selected Pipe Voice.
IMAGING
Allows you to sim ulate pipe chest configurations for the selected Pipe Voice.
The following pages give a more detailed explanation of how these Advanced Features work.
47
48
PIPE Edit Menu - Page 1

TRY THIS:
1.

2.
From the A Screen, touch the PAGE UP < Touch Button five times. The Information Center Display
should look like this for the F Screen of the Menu Mode:
The word PIPE should now be blinking.

3.
Touch the ENTER Touch Button. The Information Center Display should now look like this:
You are now in the PIPE Edit Menu.
4.
49
Touch the PAGE RIGHT Touch Button once. The Information Center Display should now look like this:
Pipe Voice Volume

Notice that the number underneath VOL is blinking. You can now modify the characteristics of each Pipe
Voice, starting with Pipe Voice Volume. You can select a Volume setting of from 0 (softest) through
127 (loudest).
Turn the VALUE Rotary Control to the right to increase the volume of the selected Pipe Voice..
Turn the VALUE Rotary Control to the left to decrease the volume of the selected Pipe Voice.
From the previous screen, touch the PAGE RIGHT Touch Button once. The legend below the word DETN (Detune)
Pipe Voice Detune

This Advanced Feature allows you to detune each individual Pipe Voice. You can select from
Select the Detune setting you want by doing the following:
Turn the VALUE Rotary Control to the right to make the pitch of the selected Pipe Voice flat.
Turn the VALUE Rotary Control to the left to make the pitch of the selected Pipe Voice sharp.
50

From the previous screen, touch the PAGE RIGHT Touch Button once. Page 3 of the PIPE Edit Menu should now
display. The legend below the word CHIF (Chiff) should now be blinking.
Pipe Voice Chiff

This Advanced Feature allows you to set the amount of Chiff or attack for each individual Pipe Voice.
What Is Chiff?
There are two classifications of organ pipes based on the method used to produce sound. Flue or labial pipes produce
sound by means of sending a stream of air through the body of the pipe, while reed or lingual pipes utilize a beating
reed in a manner similar to a reed instrument such as a clarinet.
A flue pipe can be voiced in such a way so that a short attack transient is heard at the onset of the tone. The term, chiff,
was coined by pipe organ makers to describe the sound. The amount of chiff can vary depending on the maker and the
effect desired - some organ builders voice the flue pipes with little or no chiff while others, perhaps influenced by the neobaroque school of organ building, deliberately strive to include the chiff effect.
Select the Chiff setting you want by doing the following:
Turn the VALUE Rotary Control to the right to add more Chiff to the selected Pipe Voice.
Turn the VALUE Rotary Control to the left to add less Chiff to the selected Pipe Voice.
From the previous screen, touch the PAGE RIGHT Touch Button once. The legend below the word CUTOFF
Pipe Voice Cutoff

This Advanced Feature allows you to set the brightness of each individual Pipe Voice by setting its Filter Cutoff point.
Select the Cutoff setting you want by doing the following:
Turn the VALUE Rotary Control to the right to make the selected Pipe Voice mellower.
Turn the VALUE Rotary Control to the left to make the pitch selected Pipe Voice brighter.
51

From the previous screen, touch the PAGE RIGHT Touch Button once. Page 3 of the PIPE Edit Menu should now
display. The legend below the word DIR (Direction) should now be blinking.
Pipe Voice Pan

This Advanced Feature allows you to simulate different placements of pipe ranks.
Select the directionality you want by doing the following:
Turn the VALUE Rotary Control to the right to move the sound of the selected Pipe Voice left.
Turn the VALUE Rotary Control to the left to move the sound of the selected Pipe Voice right.
NOTE: Setting this param eter to -C-" will locate the sound in the center.
From the previous screen, touch the PAGE RIGHT Touch Button once. The legend below the word IMG (Image)
Pipe Voice Imaging

This Advanced Feature allows you to simulate different arrangements of pipes.
What Is Pipe Imaging?

The pipes of a pipe organ are arranged into sets called ranks. Each ranks consists of pipes representing a specific sound
on the organ - Open Diapason, Trompette, etc. (In keeping with the different philosophies of organ sound, many organ
stop names are of European origin; hence the use of French, German, Dutch, etc.)
The pipes of each rank are supported by an assembly called a chest. The pipes can be arranged in many different ways
on the chest. The pipe arrangement chosen by the maker depends on several things - aesthetics, musical, etc. - but the four
most common ones are shown on the next page.
52
Left to Right - the pipes producing lower pitches are on the left. Playing notes
chromatically going up on the keyboard will cause the pipes on the left to sound first.
Right to Left - the pipes producing higher pitches are on the right. Playing notes
chromatically going up on the keyboard will cause the pipes on the left to sound first.
Pyramid - when notes are played chromatically going up on the keyboard, the notes
start in the center and alternate between left and right.
Inverted Pyramid - when notes are played chromatically going up on the keyboard,
the notes start at one end and alternate between left and right until they meet in the
center.
NOTE: The above two pipe placem ent schem es are som etim es referred to as C-C# placem ent due to
chrom atic notes being separated.
The Sk-series instruments give you five different Pipe Imaging choices. The data chart below explains them.
Pipe Image Settings

Description
Function
L-R
Left to Right (see drawing).
R-L
Right to Left (see drawing).
PYR
Pyram id (see drawing).
IVR
Inverted pyram id (see drawing).
- FIX -
No im aging.
Turn the VALUE Rotary Control to make your selection.
53
PERCUSSION - Touch-Response Percussion

An important component of the Hammond Sound is Touch-Response Percussion Control. On a vintage Hammond
console organ, this feature is controlled by four tilting tablets on the extreme right of the control panel which look like this:
The PERCUSSION controls on the Sk-series consist of four separate Touch Tabs, located immediately to the right of the
Drawbars, which control harmonic Percussion tones playable from the Upper Keyboard. They control all the same
functions as the tilt tablets on a vintage Hammond.
IMPORTANT NOTE: To hear the tones produced by the Percussion Voice Touch Tabs, the keys of the
Upper Keyboard normally must be played in a detached (non-Legato) manner. If you play a single note and
then hold it down while playing other keys, the Percussion voice will not play again until you release all keys
and again play detached notes.
SECOND HARMONIC
The tone for this harmonic is the same as the sound derived from the 4' Drawbar. Combining this
Percussion tone with the Drawbars will produce bright and clear sounds.
THIRD HARMONIC
This harmonic tone is the same one produced by the 2 2/3' Drawbar. Combining this Percussion tone
with the Drawbars will produce powerful and heavy sounds.
NOTE: By turning both the SECOND and THIRD Touch Tabs ON, it is possible to have both Percussion harm onics
playing sim ultaneously - som ething which was not possible on a vintage organ.
FAST DECAY
When this Touch Tab is in its normal state (LED not lighted), the Percussion tone will decay (die away)
slowly like a chime. When FAST DECAY is "ON" (LED lighted), the Percussion effect will decay rapidly
like a xylophone or glockenspiel.
SOFT
This control regulates the volume of the Percussion tone. When it is in its normal state (LED not lighted),
the Percussion effect will be very prominent compared to the tones produced by the Drawbars.
When this Touch Tab is "ON" (LED lighted) the Percussion effect is lower in volume or much less prominent.
54
PERCUSSION Edit Menu

This Advanced Feature Menu allows you to make various changes to the characteristics of the Percussion.
Accessing the PERCUSSION Edit Menu Using the MENU/EXIT Touch Button:
1.

2.
Touch the PAGE UP Touch Button once. The B screen of the MENU Mode will now display.
You will now see CUST.TW" in the upper left corner of the Information Center Display, and it will be
blinking.
3.
Touch the PAGE RIGHT Touch Button. The word, PERCUSS will now blink.
4.
Touch the ENTER Touch Button.
Accessing the PERCUSSION Edit Menu Using the Shortcut:

Touch and hold any of the four PERCUSSION Touch Tabs. After approximately 1 second, you will see the screen
shown below on this page.
You are now in the PERCUSSION Edit Page. You may now use the PAGE NAVIGATION Touch Buttons in conjunction
with the VALUE Rotary Control to make various changes to the Percussion. These changes are explained starting on the
next page.
55
If you followed the instructions on the previous page, you should now see Page 1 of the PERCUSSION Edit Menu.
The number underneath the word SOFT should now be blinking.
Percussion Edit Page 1 - Percussion Level
This Advanced Feature allows you to set the overall volume level of the Percussion tones. This will allow you to balance
the amount of "normal" and "soft" Percussion sound (the choices provided by the Touch Tabs) with the sound produced
by the Drawbars. You can set the levels separately for the SOFT and NORM (normal) Percussion Touch Tab settings.
Use the PAGE LEFT and PAGE RIGHT Touch Buttons to select either SOFT or NORM (Normal). When you have
made your selection:
Turn the VALUE Rotary Control to the right to increase the level.
Turn the VALUE Rotary Control to the left to decrease the level.
Percussion Edit Page 2 - Percussion Decay

From the previous screen, touch the PAGE RIGHT Touch Button once. Page 2 of the Percussion Edit Menu should
now display. The number underneath the word SLOW should now be blinking.
This Advanced Feature allows you to set the overall decay (the rate at which the Percussion tone dies away while a key
is held) of the Percussion tones. You can adjust the SLOW and FAST decay amounts separately so as to customize
the Percussion Decay to your liking.
IMPORTANT NOTE: This Advanced Feature replicates the PERCUSSION CUTOFF control found on the
preamp of a vintage Hammond Organ.
Use the PAGE LEFT and PAGE RIGHT Touch Buttons to select either SLOW or FAST. When you have made your
selection:
Turn the VALUE Rotary Control to the right to lengthen the Decay.
Turn the VALUE Rotary Control to the left to shorten the Decay.
56
Percussion Edit Page 3

From the previous screen, touch the PAGE RIGHT Touch Button once. Page 3 of the PERCUSSION Edit Menu
should now display. The letters underneath the word TOUCH should now be blinking.
Percussion Touch
This Advanced Feature allows you to turn "ON" or "OFF" the Percussion Touch-Response. When turned ON Percussion
tones will sound only if you play the keys in a detached manner (non-legato). Any degree of detachment is sufficient. This
replicates the Touch-Response Percussion function on the original models B-3, C-3, RT-3 or A-100. When turned OFF,
each key will sound when played regardless of whether other keys are being held. This replicates the Percussion function
on the X-66, Concorde and later model Hammond Organs.
Turn the VALUE Rotary Control to turn Percussion Touch "ON" or OFF.
Percussion Velocity Sensitivity

From the previous screen, touch the PAGE RIGHT Touch Button once. The letters underneath the word VEL
When turned ON, the volume of the Percussion tone is controlled by how fast keys are played. The faster keys are
played, the louder the Percussion sounds. The more slowly keys are played, the softer the Percussion sounds. When turned
OFF, each key will sound at the same volume level when played.
Turn the VALUE Rotary Control to turn Percussion Velocity Sensitivity "ON" or OFF.
NOTE: Although vintage Ham m ond Organs do not have this feature, a player m ore accustom ed to a piano touch
m ay want to try this feature, and m ay find the Touch-Response Percussion som ewhat easier to use.
57
Percussion Key Tracking

From the previous screen, touch the PAGE RIGHT Touch Button once. The letters underneath the word KTRK
On the original Hammond Organs with Touch-Response Percussion Control, such as the B-3, C-3, RT-3 and A-100, the
Percussion sounds would taper off slightly at higher frequencies. This Advanced Feature is designed to replicate this
characteristic of the Percussion.
Turn the VALUE Rotary Control to turn Percussion Velocity Key Tracking "ON" or OFF.
58
Percussion Edit Page 4

From the previous screen, touch the PAGE RIGHT Touch Button repeatedly until Page 4 of the PERCUSSION Edit
Menu displays. The Information Center Display should now look like this:
The letters underneath the word 1'CANC should now be blinking.
Percussion Drawbar Cancel

When Percussion Drawbar Cancel is turned ON, the 8th harmonic Drawbar will be canceled when Percussion is "ON".
This replicates the original Hammond Organs with Touch-Response Percussion Control, such as the B-3, C-3, RT-3 and
A-100 series. When this feature is turned OFF, the 8th harmonic Drawbar (1') will continue to sound while Percussion
is "ON". This replicates later Hammond Organs with Percussion.
Turn the VALUE Rotary Control to turn Percussion Drawbar Cancel "ON" or OFF.
Percussion Drawbar Level

From the previous screen, touch the PAGE RIGHT Touch Button once. The letters underneath the word LEVEL
The legend underneath the word LEVEL should now be blinking.

This Advanced Feature allows you to set the Drawbar Level when Percussion is ON at normal volume (SOFT Touch
Tab OFF). When -3db is chosen, the Drawbars will be reduced by -3db (-3 decibels) in loudness when Percussion
is "ON" at normal volume. This replicates the original Hammond Organs with Touch-Response Percussion Control.
When 0db is chosen, the volume of the Drawbars will stay at the same level, or "0db, when Percussion is "ON" at
normal volume.
Turn the VALUE Rotary Control to select either -3db or 0db.
NOTE: A "decibel" is a unit of m easurem ent for the loudness of a sound wave.

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-73

Drawbars & Percussion

DRAWBARS & PERCUSSION

Drawbars & Percussion

Make sure all Drawbars are IN (off).

Now do the same with the Brilliance Drawbars.

It's that easy to create your own custom Drawbar settings.

Drawbars & Percussion

Make sure all Drawbars are IN (off).

Pull the first white Drawbar all the way out.

Make sure all Drawbars are IN (off).

The sound produced by the Drawbars is that of a clarinet.

Drawbars & Percussion

Make sure all Drawbars are IN (off).

Pull the first white Drawbar all the way out.

Make sure all Drawbars are IN (off).

Pull the first white Drawbar all the way out.

Drawbars & Percussion

Tone Families By Shape

Drawbars & Percussion

Typical Drawbar Registration Patterns For The

Reed family (triangle pattern)

Drawbars & Percussion

Diapason family (check mark pattern)

String family (bow pattern)

Drawbars & Percussion

Jazz and Pop Drawbar Registrations

A JAZZ ORGAN TONE - 88 8000 008

Drawbars & Percussion

Try Your Own Drawbar registrations

Changing Drawbar Registrations

Drawbars & Percussion

DRAWBAR SELECT Touch Tabs

Using the DRAWBAR SELECT Touch Tabs

Drawbars & Percussion

Now, we will add a Lower Manual Drawbar registration.

Sk-1, Sk1-73, Sk1-88:

Drawbars & Percussion

Finally, here is how to add a Pedal or Bass registration.

Sk-1, Sk1-73, Sk1-88:

Sk1, Sk1-73, Sk1-88 - Please Read:

All Sk-series instruments - Please Read

Drawbars & Percussion

DRAWBAR Edit Menu

Accessing the DRAWBAR Edit Menu using the Touch Buttons:

Touch the ENTER Touch Button once.

Accessing the DRAWBAR Edit Menu using a Shortcut:

Drawbars & Percussion

DRAWBAR Edit Menu L&U - Page 1

Drawbar Voice Mode

Drawbars & Percussion

What Is Key Click?

Attack - Key Click

Release - Key Click

Drawbars & Percussion

Low-Pass Filter (LPF)

Drawbars & Percussion

DRAWBAR Edit Menu L&U - Page 2 - FOLDBACK

Drawbar Fold Back