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Cascade Control System

In a cascade control system, two controllers are cascaded such that the primary controller's output sets the set point of the secondary controller. The secondary controller then directly controls the control valve or other final control element. For example, in batch reactor temperature control the primary controller manipulates the set point of the secondary controller to indirectly control the cooling water valve and maintain the desired batch temperature. Cascade control helps reduce the effects of disturbances in the secondary loop on the overall system and allows the slave controller to correct for these disturbances before they impact the master loop.

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197 views

Cascade Control System

In a cascade control system, two controllers are cascaded such that the primary controller's output sets the set point of the secondary controller. The secondary controller then directly controls the control valve or other final control element. For example, in batch reactor temperature control the primary controller manipulates the set point of the secondary controller to indirectly control the cooling water valve and maintain the desired batch temperature. Cascade control helps reduce the effects of disturbances in the secondary loop on the overall system and allows the slave controller to correct for these disturbances before they impact the master loop.

Uploaded by

Raju
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Cascade

In cascade control system two controllers are cascaded to each other as


shown in the diagram below. Primary controllers output is fed to secondary
controller as a Set point. Both the controllers has their own sensing
elements but only secondary controller gives output to the control valve.
Primary controller receives set point from operator

For example in Batch reactor temperature is controlled using Cascade


control strategy. The output of temperature controller TC-1 adjusts the set
point of TC-2 in the batch reactor control system. The primary variable
batch temperature is controlled by the master controller, but not by directly
adjusting the cooling water valve. Instead, it manipulates the set point of
the slave or secondary controller, which in turn supplies jacket water at the
asked for temperature. There are twocontrolled variables, one manipulated
and one independent set point.

Cascade controller tuning 1.First,tune the secondary controller (with the primary controller in manual
mode)
2.Then,tune the primary controller (with the secondary controller in cascade
mode)
Cascade control has two functions :
1. Reduce the effect on the total control system of the dynamic elements in
the secondary loop.
2. Correct for disturbances which occur within the secondary loop before
they affect the master loop (such as cooling water temperature changes).
The slave controller need have only proportional response. The major time
constant must not be in the slave loop.
Cascade control is normally not applied in fast control loops - flow, pressure,
etc. It is more useful in temperature or composition control systems.

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