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Experiment (7) Free and Forced Vortex

This document describes an experiment to obtain the surface profiles of a free vortex and forced vortex flow. For a forced vortex, the velocity is directly proportional to the radial distance from the center axis. The surface profile equation is z=ω2r2/2g, which is a parabolic curve. For a free vortex, the velocity is inversely proportional to the radial distance. The surface profile equation is z=c-K/r, which is a hyperbolic curve asymptotic to the axis of rotation and horizontal line at z=c. The document outlines how to measure the rotational speed, velocity, and radius to calculate the constants ω and K that characterize each type of vortex based on theoretical equations

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manoj
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3K views3 pages

Experiment (7) Free and Forced Vortex

This document describes an experiment to obtain the surface profiles of a free vortex and forced vortex flow. For a forced vortex, the velocity is directly proportional to the radial distance from the center axis. The surface profile equation is z=ω2r2/2g, which is a parabolic curve. For a free vortex, the velocity is inversely proportional to the radial distance. The surface profile equation is z=c-K/r, which is a hyperbolic curve asymptotic to the axis of rotation and horizontal line at z=c. The document outlines how to measure the rotational speed, velocity, and radius to calculate the constants ω and K that characterize each type of vortex based on theoretical equations

Uploaded by

manoj
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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EXPERIMENT 6

Free & forced vortices


Aim : obtain the surface profiles for a free and forced vortex flow
Assumptions :
Flow is steady
Frictionless
Only tangential velocity is present
to be zero ( = 0 ).

is there, radial velocity

is assumed

Forced vortex :
Theory :
In a forced vortex, it can be assumed that all particles have the same angular
velocity about the central axis. For a constant speed of rotation,
The velocity is given by
Where r is the radius of the vortex.
For a fluid element rotating in a forced vortex, a centripetal force is acting. From
bernoullis equation

,..(1)

here the static pressure measured is atmospheric.


We can derive,

Where z is the distance between the lowest point on the surface of the vortex
and the point at a particular location of radius r on the surface of vortex from
the axis of rotation.

Measurement of rotational speed(


: the rotational speed of the vortex is
measured by counting the number of revolutions the paddle ( used to rotate the
fluid inside the jar) makes in a time period by using a stop watch.

Free vortex :
When water flows out of a vessel through a central hole in the base, a free vortex
is formed. In a free vortex, the streamlines are concentric circles and continuity
demands that the velocity only varies inversely to the distance from the axis of
the rotation.

Here K is the constant


Assuming the steady, frictionless flow, we can apply bernoullis equation :
here c is the constant
If the streamline is on the surface of the vortex, the peizometric pressure must be
constant( atmospheric). Substituting the equation for the velocity into the above
equation yields :

Here

, here the pressure is atmospheric

Which is the equation to a hyperbolic curve which is assymptotic to the axis of


rotation and to the horizontal through z= c.
For the pitot tubes the velocity is given by:

Measurement of K :
The values of the radius r at any location of the vortex is calculated by using
an adjusting scale and the velocity is calculated by using a pitot tube at that
location. Now from equation (3) we can measure the value of K.
Observations :

Plot z against

and

for forced and free vortex

Calculate the values of

and K respectively for forced and free vortex.

Discussions :
Comment on the graphs plotted. Discuss the reasons for the discrepancies
between the experimental and theory.

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