BANSALCLASSES

TARGET IIT JEE

PHYSICS
BULLS EYE

CALORIMETRY & HEAT TRANSFER

CONTENTS

KEY CONCEPT
EXERCISEI
EXERCISEII
EXERCISEIII
ANSWER KEY

THERMAL

EXPANSION

Definition of Heat :
Heat is a form of energy which is transferred between a system and its surrounding as a result of
temperature difference only.
Thermal Expansion : Expansion due to increase in temperature.
1.

Type of thermal expansion

Coefficient of expansion

(i) Linear

Lim

(ii) Superficial

Lim

(iii) Volume

Lim

(a)
(b)
2.

t 0

t 0

t 0

1 l
l0 t

1 A
A0 t

1 V
V0 t

For temperature change

t change in
length l = l0 t
Area A = A0t
volume V = V0t

For isotropic solids 1 = 2 = 3 = (let)

so =2 and = 3

For anisotropic solids =1 + 2 and = 1 + 2 + 3

Here 1 , 2 and 3 are coefficient of linear expansion in X , Y and Z directions.

Variation in density : With increase of temperature volume increases so density decreases and
vice-versa.
d

d0

(1 t )
For solids values of are generally small so we can write d = d0 (1t) (using bimomial expansion)

Note :
(i)
for liquids are in order of 103
(ii)
For water density increases from 0 to 4C so is ve (0 to 4 C) and for 4 C to higher temperature
is +ve. At 4 C density is maximum.
3.

Thermal Stress : A rod of length l0 is clamped between two fixed walls with distance l0. If temperature
is changed by amount t then
F
stress =
(area assumed to be constant)
A
strain =

so,
or

l
l0

FA
Fl 0
F
Y = l l =
=
At
Al
0
F = Y A t

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Calorimetry & Heat Transfer

[2]

4.

(i)

(ii)

If is not constant

( varies with distance) Let = ax+b

Total expansion = expansion of length dx = (ax b)dx t

0

( varies with tempearture)

Let
= f (T)
l =

l0 dT

T2
T1

Caution : If is in C then put T1 and T2 in C.

similarly if is in K then put T1 and T2 in K.

CALORIMETRY

Quantity of heat transfered and specific heat

The amount of heat needed to incerase the temperature of 1 gm of water from 14.5 C to 15.5C at STP
is 1 calorie
dQ = mcdT
Q = m C dT (be careful about unit of temperature, use units according to the given units of C)
T2
T1

Heat transfer in phase change

Q = mL
L = latent heat of substance in cal/ gm/ C or in Kcal/ kg/ C
Lice = 80 cal/ gm for ice
L steam = 540 cal/ gm
(A)
(i)

(ii)

HEAT - TRANSFER

Conduction : Due to vibration and collision of medium particles.

Steady State : In this state heat absorption stops and temperature gradient throughout the rod
dT
becomes constant i.e.
= constant.
dx
Before steady state : Temp of rod at any point changes

Note : If specific heat of any substance is zero, it can be considered always in steady state.
1.

2.

Ohms law for Thermal Conduction in Steady State :

Let the two ends of rod of length l is maintained at temp T1 and T2( T1 > T2)
dQ T1 T2
Thermal current
= R
dT
Th
Where thermal resistance RTh =

1 l
KA

Differential form of Ohms Law

dQ
dT
= KA
dT
dx

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dT
= temperature gradient
dx

Calorimetry & Heat Transfer

[3]

(B)

Convection : Heat transfer due to movement of medium particles.

1.

Stefans Law : Rate of heat emitted by a body at temp T K from per unit area E =T4 J/sec/m2
dQ
Radiation power
= P = AT
T4 watt
dT
If a body is placed in a surrounding of temperature TS
dQ
= A (T4 Ts4)
dT
valid only for black body

(C)

Radiation: Every body radiates electromagnetic radiation of all possible wavelength at all temp>0 K.

heat from general body

Emissivity or emmisive power e = heat from black body
If temp of body falls by dT in time dt
dT eA 4

(T Ts4 )
(dT/dt = rate of cooling)
dt
mS

2.

Newtons law of cooling

dT
(T Ts )
dt

3.

Average form of Newtons law of cooling

If a body cools from T1 to T2 in time t

T1 T2

K T1 T2

Ts (used generally in objective questions)

t
mS 2

dT K

(T Ts )
dt mS

4.

(for better results use this generally in subjective)

Weins black body radiation

At every temperature (>0K) a body radiates energy radiations of all wavelengths.
According to Weins displacement law if the wavelength corresponding to
maximum energy is m.
then mT = b where b = is a constant (Weins constant)
T = temperature of body

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Calorimetry & Heat Transfer

[4]

Q.1

(i)
(ii)
(iii)
(iv)
Q.2
(a)
(b)
Q.3
Q.4

Q.5
Q.6

Q.7
Q.8
Q.9

EXERCISE I

A light rigid bar is suspended horizontally from two vertical wires, one of steel and one
of brass, as shown in figure. Each wire is 2.00 m long. The diameter of the steel wire is
0.60 mm and the length of the bar AB is 0.20 m. When a mass of 10 kg is suspended
from the centre of AB bar remains horizontal.
What is the tension in each wire?
Calculate the extension of the steel wire and the energy stored in it.
Calculate the diameter of the brass wire.
If the brass wire were replaced by another brass wire of diameter 1 mm, where should the mass be
suspended so that AB would remain horizontal? The Young modulus for steel = 2.0 1011 Pa, the
Young modulus for brass = 1.0 1011 Pa.
A steel rope his length L, area of cross-section A, Youngs modulus Y. [Density = d]
It is pulled on a horizontal frictionless floor with a constant horizontal force F = [dALg]/2 applied at one
end. Find the strain at the midpoint.
If the steel rope is vertical and moving with the force acting vertically up at the upper end. Find the strain
at a point L/3 from lower end.
An aluminium container of mass 100 gm contains 200 gm of ice at 20C. Heat is added to the system
at the rate of 100 cal/s. Find the temperature of the system after 4 minutes (specific heat of ice = 0.5 and
L = 80 cal/gm, specific heat of Al = 0.2 cal/gm/C)

A U-tube filled with a liquid of volumetric coefficient of 105/C lies in a vertical plane. The height of
liquid column in the left vertical limb is 100 cm. The liquid in the left vertical limb is maintained at a
temperature = 0C while the liquid in the right limb is maintained at a temperature = 100C. Find the
difference in levels in the two limbs.
A thin walled metal tank of surface area 5m2 is filled with water tank and contains an immersion heater
dissipating 1 kW. The tank is covered with 4 cm thick layer of insulation whose thermal conductivity is
0.2 W/m/K. The outer face of the insulation is 25oC. Find the temperature of the tank in the steady state

A glass flask contains some mercury at room temperature. It is found that at different temperatures the
volume of air inside the flask remains the same. If the volume of mercury in the flask is
300 cm3, then find volume of the flask (given that coefficient of volume expansion of mercury and
coefficient of linear expansion of glass are 1.8 104 (C)1 and 9 106 (C)1 respectively)

A clock pendulum made of invar has a period of 0.5 sec at 20C. If the clock is used in a climate where
average temperature is 30C, aporoximately. How much fast or slow will the clock run in 106 sec.
(invar=1106/C)
A pan filled with hot food cools from 50.1 C to 49.9 C in 5 sec. How long will it take to cool from
40.1 C to 39.9C if room temperature is 30C?

A composite rod made of three rods of equal length and cross-section as shown in the fig. The thermal
conductivities of the materials of the rods are K/2, 5K and K respectively. The end A and end B are at
constant temperatures. All heat entering the face A goes out of the end B there being no loss of heat from
the sides of the bar. Find the effective thermal conductivity of the bar
A

Q.10

K/2

5K

An iron bar (Youngs modulus = 1011 N/m2 , = 106 /C) 1 m long and 103 m2 in area is heated from

0C to 100C without being allowed to bend or expand. Find the compressive force developed inside
the bar.

Bansal Classes

Calorimetry & Heat Transfer

[5]

Q.11
Q.12
Q.13

Q.14
Q.15
Q.16
Q.17

Q.18

Q.19

Q.20
Q.21

Q.22

A solid copper cube and sphere, both of same mass & emissivity are heated to same initial temperature
and kept under identical conditions. What is the ratio of their initial rate of fall of temperature?

A cylindrical rod with one end in a stream chamber and other end in ice cause melting of 0.1 gm of
ice/sec. If the rod is replaced with another rod of half the length and double the radius of first and
thermal conductivity of second rod is 1/4 that of first, find the rate of ice melting in gm/sec
Three aluminium rods of equal length form an equilateral triangle ABC. Taking
O (mid point of rod BC) as the origin. Find the increase in Y-coordinate of
center of mass per unit change in temperature of the system. Assume the length
of the each rod is 2m, and al = 4 3 10 6 / C

Three conducting rods of same material and cross-section are shown in figure.
Temperature of A, D and C are maintained at 20C, 90C and 0C. Find the ratio of
length BD and BC if there is no heat flow in AB

If two rods of length L and 2 L having coefficients of linear expansion and 2 respectively are
connected so that total length becomes 3 L, determine the average coefficient of linear expansion of the
composite rod.
A volume of 120 ml of drink (half alcohol + half water by mass) originally at a temperature of 25C is
cooled by adding 20 gm ice at 0C. If all the ice melts, find the final temperature of the drink. (density of
drink = 0.833 gm/cc, specific heat of alcohol = 0.6 cal/gm/C)

A solid receives heat by radiation over its surface at the rate of 4 kW. The heat convection rate from the
surface of solid to the surrounding is 5.2 kW, and heat is generated at a rate of 1.7 kW over the volume
of the solid. The rate of change of the average temperature of the solid is
0.5Cs1. Find the heat capacity of the solid.
The figure shows the face and interface temperature of a composite slab
containing of four layers of two materials having identical thickness. Under
steady state condition, find the value of temperature

Two identical calorimeter A and B contain equal quantity of water at 20C. A 5 gm piece of metal X of
specific heat 0.2 cal g1 (C)1 is dropped into A and a 5 gm piece of metal Y into B. The equilibrium
temperature in A is 22C and in B 23C. The initial temperature of both the metals is 40C. Find the
specific heat of metal Y in cal g1 (C)1.

Two spheres of same radius R have their densities in the ratio 8 : 1 and the ratio of their specific heats are
1 : 4. If by radiation their rates of fall of temperature are same, then find the ratio of their rates of losing
heat.
In the square frame of side l of metallic rods, the corners A and C are
maintained at T1 and T2 respectively. The rate of heat flow from A to C is
. If A and D are instead maintained T1 & T2 respectivley find, find the
total rate of heat flow.

A hot liquid contained in a container of negligible heat capacity loses temperature at rate 3 K/min, just
before it begins to solidify. The temperature remains constant for 30 min. Find the ratio of specific heat
capacity of liquid to specific latent heat of fusion is in K1 (given that rate of losing heat is constant).

Bansal Classes

Calorimetry & Heat Transfer

[6]

Q.23

Q.24
Q.25
Q.26

Q.27

Q.28

(i)
(ii)
(iii)

Q.29

Q.30
Q.31

A thermostatted chamber at small height h above earth's surface maintained at 30C has a clock fitted in it
with an uncompensated pendulum. The clock designer correctly designs it for height h, but for temperature
of 20C. If this chamber is taken to earth's surface, the clock in it would click correct time. Find the
coefficient of linear expansion of material of pendulum. (earth's radius is R)
The coefficient of volume expansion of mercury is 20 times the coefficient of linear expansion of glass.
Find the volume of mercury that must be poured into a glass vessel of volume V so that the volume above
mercury may remain constant at all temperature.

Two 50 gm ice cubes are dropped into 250 gm of water into a glass. If the water was initially at a temperature of
25C and the temperature of ice 15C. Find the final temperature of water.
(specific heat of ice = 0.5 cal/gm/C and L = 80 cal/gm). Find final amount of water and ice.

Water is heated from 10C to 90C in a residential hot water heater at a rate of 70 litre per minute.
Natural gas with a density of 1.2 kg/m3 is used in the heater, which has a transfer efficiency of
32%. Find the gas consumption rate in cubic meters per hour. (heat combustion for natural gas is
8400 kcal/kg)
A metal rod A of 25cm lengths expands by 0.050cm. When its temperature is raised from 0C to
100C. Another rod B of a different metal of length 40cm expands by 0.040 cm for the same rise in
temperature. A third rod C of 50cm length is made up of pieces of rods A and B placed end to end
expands by 0.03 cm on heating from 0C to 50C. Find the lengths of each portion of the composite
rod.
A substance is in the solid form at 0C. The amount of
heat added to this substance and its temperature are
plotted in the following graph.If the relative specific heat
capacity of the solid substance is 0.5, find from the graph
the mass of the substance ;
the specific latent heat of the melting process, and
the specific heat of the substance in the liquid state.

One end of copper rod of uniform cross-section and of length 1.5 meters is in contact with melting ice
and the other end with boiling water. At what point along its length should a temperature of 200C be
maintained, so that in steady state, the mass of ice melting is equal to that of steam produced in the same
interval of time? Assume that the whole system is insulated from the surroundings.
A vessel containing 100 gm water at 0C is suspended in the middle of a room. In 15 minutes the
temperature of the water rises by 2C. When an equal amount of ice is placed in the vessel, it melts in
10 hours. Calculate the specific heat of fusion of ice.
The maximum in the energy distribution spectrum of the sun is at 4753 and its temperature is 6050K. What
will be the temperature of the star whose energy distribution shows a maximum at 9506 .
List of recommended questions from I.E. Irodov.
1.291, 1.298, 1.309, 1.310, 1.311, 2.247 to 2.251, 2.254 to 2.257, 5.247, 5.251

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Calorimetry & Heat Transfer

[7]

EXERCISE II

Q.1

A wire of cross-secitonal area 4 104 m2 modulus of elasticity 2 1011 N/m2 and length 1 m is
stretched between two vertical rigid poles. A mass of 1 kg is suspended at its middle. Calculate the angle
it makes with the horizontal.

Q.2

A metal spherical shell of mean radius 20 cm and wall thickness 1 mm is completely filled with a liquid of
bulk modulus = 10 GPa, and volumetric thermal expansion coefficient = 2 104 /K. Then shell is then
sealed from all sides at room temperature, with the liquid at atmospheric pressure. The Youngs modulus
of the metal shell is 100 GPa and its linear thermal expansion coefficient is 1 105 /K. The temperature
of the system is now raised by TC. If the fracture tensile stress of the metal shell is 0.1 GPa, at what
value of T will it rupture?

Q.3

A copper calorimeter of mass 100 gm contains 200 gm of a mixture of ice and water. Steam at 100C
under normal pressure is passed into the calorimeter and the temperature of the mixture is allowed to rise
to 50C. If the mass of the calorimeter and its contents is now 330 gm, what was the ratio of ice and
water in the beginning? Neglect heat losses.
Given : Specific heat capacity of copper = 0.42 103 J kg1K1,
Specific heat capacity of water = 4.2 103 J kg1K1,
Specific heat of fusion of ice = 3.36 105 J kg1
Latent heat of condensation of steam = 22.5 105 Jkg1

Q.4

An isosceles triangle is formed with a rod of length l1 and coefficient of linear expansion 1 for the base
and two thin rods each of length l2 and coefficient of linear expansion 2 for the two pieces, if the
distance between the apex and the midpoint of the base remain unchanged as the temperatures varied
show that

Q.5

Q.6
(a)
(b)
Q.7

l1

2 2 .
l2
1

A solid substance of mass 10 gm at 10C was heated to 2C (still in the solid state). The heat
required was 64 calories. Another 880 calories was required to raise the temperature of the substance
(now in the liquid state) to 1C, while 900 calories was required to raise the temperature from
2C to 3C. Calculate the specific heat capacities of the substances in the solid and liquid state in
calories per kilogram per kelvin. Show that the latent heat of fusion L is related to the melting
point temperature tm by L = 85400 + 200 tm.
A steel drill making 180 rpm is used to drill a hole in a block of steel. The mass of the steel block and the
drill is 180 gm. If the entire mechanical work is used up in producing heat and the rate of raise in
temperature of the block and the drill is 0.5 C/s. Find
the rate of working of the drill in watts, and
the torque required to drive the drill.
Specific heat of steel = 0.1 and J = 4.2 J/cal. Use : P =
A brass rod of mass m = 4.25 kg and a cross sectional area 5 cm2 increases its length by 0.3 mm upon
heating from 0C. What amount of heat is spent for heating the rod? The coefficient of linear expansion for
brass is 2105/K, its specific heat is 0.39 kJ/kg.K and the density of brass is 8.5 103 kg/m3.

Bansal Classes

Calorimetry & Heat Transfer

[8]

Q.8

Q.9

Q.10

Q.11

Q.12

A submarine made of steel weighing 109 g has to take 108 g of water in order to submerge when the
temperature of the sea is 10C. How much less water it will have to take in when the sea is at 15C?
(Coefficient of cubic expansion of sea water = 2 104/C, coefficient of linear expansion of
steel = 1.2 105/C)

A flow calorimeter is used to measure the specific heat of a liquid. Heat is added at a known rate to a
stream of the liquid as it passes through the calorimeter at a known rate. Then a measurement of the
resulting temperature difference between the inflow and the outflow points of the liquid stream enables us
to compute the specific heat of the liquid. A liquid of density 0.2 g/cm3 flows through a calorimeter at the
rate of 10 cm3/s. Heat is added by means of a 250-W electric heating coil, and a temperature difference
of 25C is established in steady-state conditions between the inflow and the outflow points. Find the
specific heat of the liquid.
Toluene liquid of volume 300 cm3 at 0C is contained in a beaker an another quantity of toluene of
volume 110 cm3 at 100C is in another beaker. (The combined volume is 410 cm3). Determine the
total volume of the mixture of the toluene liquids when they are mixed together. Given the coefficient
of volume expansion = 0.001/C and all forms of heat losses can be ignored. Also find the final
temperature of the mixture.

Ice at -20C is filled upto height h = 10 cm in a uniform cylindrical vessel. Water at temperature C is
filled in another identical vessel upto the same height h= 10 cm. Now, water from second vessel is
poured into first vessel and it is found that level of upper surface falls through
h = 0. 5 cm when thermal equilibrium is reached. Neglecting thermal capacity of vessels, change
in density of water due to change in temperature and loss of heat due to radiation, calculate initial
temperature of water.
Given, Density of water,
w = 1 gm cm3
Density of ice,
i = 0.9 gm/cm3
Specific heat of water,
sw = 1 cal/gm 0C
Specific heat of ice,
si = 0.5 cal/gm0C
Specific latent heat of ice,
L = 80 cal/gm

A composite body consists of two rectangular plates of the same dimensions but different thermal
conductivities KA and KB. This body is used to transfer heat between two objects maintained at
different temperatures. The composite body can be placed such that flow of heat takes place either
parallel to the interface or perpendicular to it. Calculate the effective thermal conductivities K| | and

K of the composite body for the parallel and perpendicular orientations. Which orientation will
have more thermal conductivity?
Q.13

Q.14

A highly conducting solid cylinder of radius a and length l is surrounded by a co-axial layer of a material
having thermal conductivity K and negligible heat capacity. Temperature of surrounding space (out side
the layer) is T0, which is higher than temperature of the cylinder. If heat capacity per unit volume of
cylinder material is s and outer radius of the layer is b, calculate time required to increase temperature of
the cylinder from T1 to T2. Assume end faces to be thermally insulated.

A vertical brick duct(tube) is filled with cast iron. The lower end of the duct is maintained at a temperature
T1 which is greater than the melting point Tm of cast iron and the upper end at a temperature T2 which is
less than the temperature of the melting point of cast iron. It is given that the conductivity of liquid cast
iron is equal to k times the conductivity of solid cast iron. Determine the fraction of the duct filled with
molten metal.

Bansal Classes

Calorimetry & Heat Transfer

[9]

Q.15

A lagged stick of cross section area 1 cm2 and length 1 m is initially at a temperature of 0C. It is then
kept between 2 reservoirs of tempeature 100C and 0C. Specific heat capacity is 10 J/kgC and linear
mass density is 2 kg/m. Find

(a)
(b)

temperature gradient along the rod in steady state.

total heat absorbed by the rod to reach steady state.

Q.16

A cylindrical block of length 0.4 m an area of cross-section 0.04m2 is placed coaxially on a thin metal
disc of mass 0.4 kg and of the same cross-section. The upper face of the cylinder is maintained at a
constant temperature of 400K and the initial temperature of the disc is 300K. If the thermal conductivity
of the material of the cylinder is 10 watt/m-K and the specific heat of the material of the disc in 600 J/kgK, how long will it take for the temperature of the disc to increase to 350K? Assume, for purposes of
calculation, the thermal conductivity of the disc to be very high and the system to be thermally insulated
except for the upper face of the cylinder.

Q.17

A solid copper sphere cools at the rate of 2.8C per minute, when its temperature is 127C. Find the
rate at which another solid copper sphere of twice the radius lose its temperature at 327C, if in both the
cases, the room temperature is maintained at 27C.

Q.18

End A of a rod AB of length L = 0.5 m and of uniform cross-sectional area is maintained at some
constant temperature. The heat conductivity of the rod is k = 17 J/s-mK. The other end B of this rod is
radiating energy into vacuum and the wavelength with maximum energy density emitted from this end is
0 = 75000 . If the emissivity of the end B is e = 1, determine the temperature of the end A. Assuming
that except the ends, the rod is thermally insulated.

Q.19

The shell of a space station is a blackened sphere in which a temperature T = 500K is maintained due to
operation of appliances of the station. Find the temperature of the shell if the station is enveloped by a
thin spherical black screen of nearly the same radius as the radius of the shell.

Q.20

A liquid takes 5 minutes to cool from 80C to 50C. How much time will it take to cool from 60C to
30C ? The temperature of surrounding is 20C. Use exact method.

Bansal Classes

Calorimetry & Heat Transfer

[10]

EXERCISE III

Q.1

The temperature of 100 gm of water is to be raised from 24 C to 90 C by adding steam to it.

Calculate the mass of the steam required for this purpose.
[JEE '96]

Q.2

Two metal cubes A & B of same size are arranged as shown in figure.
The extreme ends of the combination are maintained at the indicated
temperatures. The arrangement is thermally insulated. The coefficients
of thermal conductivity of A & B are 300 W/m C and 200 W/m C
respectively. After steady state is reached the temperature T of the
interface will be ______.
[JEE' 96]

Q.3

A double pane window used for insulating a room thermally from outside consists of two glass
sheets each of area 1 m2 and thickness 0.01 m separated by a 0.05m thick stagnant air space. In the
steady state, the room glass interface and the glass outdoor interface are at constant temperatures
of 270C and 00C respectively. Calculate the rate of heat flow through the window pane. Also find
the temperatures of other interfaces. Given thermal conductivities of glass and air as 0.8 and
0.08 W m1K1 respectively.
[JEE97]

Q.4

The apparatus shown in the figure consists of four glass columns

connected by horizontal sections. The height of two central
columns B & C are 49 cm each. The two outer columns A & D
are open to the atmosphere. A & C are maintained at a
temperature of 95 C while the columns B & D are maintained at
5 C. The height of the liquid in A & D measured from the base
line are 52.8 cm & 51 cm respectively. Determine the coefficient
of thermal expansion of the liquid.
[JEE '97]

Q.5

A spherical black body with a radius of 12 cm radiates 450 W power at 500 K . If the radius were
halved and the temperature doubled, the power radiated in watt would be :
(A) 225
(B) 450
(C) 900
(D) 1800

Q.6

Earth receives 1400 W/m2 of solar power . If all the solar energy falling on a lens of area 0.2 m2 is
focussed on to a block of ice of mass 280 grams, the time taken to melt the ice will be ______
minutes. (Latent heat of fusion of ice = 3.3 x 105 J/kg)
[JEE '97]

Q.7

A solid body X of heat capacity C is kept in an atmosphere whose temperature is TA = 300K. At

time t = 0, the temperature of X is T0 = 400K. It cools according to Newtons law of cooling. At
time t1 its temperature is found to be 350K. At this time t1, the body X is connected to a larger body
Y at atmospheric temperature TA, through a conducting rod of length L, cross-sectional area A
and thermal conductivity K. The heat capacity of Y is so large that any variation in its temperature
may be neglected. The cross-sectional area A of the connecting rod is small compared to the
surface area of X. Find the temperature of X at time t = 3t1.
[JEE 98]

Q.8

A black body is at a temperature of 2880 K. The energy of radiation emitted by this object with wavelength
between 499 nm and 500 nm is U1, between 999 nm and 1000 nm is U2 and between 1499 nm and
1500 nm is U3. The Wien constant b = 2.88 106 nm K. Then
[JEE 98]
(A) U1 = 0
(B) U3 = 0
(C) U1 > U2
(D) U2 > U1

Bansal Classes

Calorimetry & Heat Transfer

[11]

Q.9

Q.10

A bimetallic strip is formed out of two identical strips one of copper and the other of brass. The coefficient
of linear expansion of the two metals are C and B. On heating, the temperature of the strip goes up by
T and the strip bends to form an arc of radius of curvature R. Then R is :
(A) proportional at T
(B) inversely proportional to T
[JEE 99]
(C) proportional to |B C|
(D) inversely proportional to |B C|
A block of ice at 10C is slowly heated and converted to steam at 100C. Which of the following
curves represents the phenomenon qualitatively?
[JEE (Scr) 2000]
(A)

Q.11

Q.12

(B)

(C)

(D)

The plots of intensity versus wavelength for three black bodies at

temperature T1 , T2 and T3 respectively are as shown. Their
temperatures are such that
[JEE (Scr) 2000]
(A) T1 > T2 > T3
(B) T1 > T3 > T2
(C) T2 > T3 > T1
(C) T3 > T2 > T1

Three rods made of the same material and having the same cross-section
have been joined as shown in the figure. Each rod is of the same length. The
left and right ends are kept at 0C and 90C respectively. The temperature
of the junction of the three rods will be
[JEE(Scr)2001]
(A) 45C
(B) 60C
(C) 30C
(D) 20C

Q.13

An ideal black body at room temperature is thrown into a furnace. It is observed that
(A) initially it is the darkest body and at later times the brightest.
(B) it the darkest body at all times
(C) it cannot be distinguished at all times.
(D) initially it is the darkest body and at later times it cannot be distinguished. [JEE(Scr)2002]

Q.14

An ice cube of mass 0.1 kg at 0C is placed in an isolated container which is at 227C. The specific
heat S of the container varies with temperature T according the empirical relations = A + BT,
where A = 100 cal/kg-K and B = 2 102 cal/kg-K2. If the final temperature of the container is 27C,
determine the mass of the container. (Latent heat of fusion for water = 8 104 cal/kg. Specific heat of
water = 103 cal/kg-K)
[JEE' 2001]

Q.15

Two rods one of aluminium of length l1 having coefficient of linear expansion a, and other steel of
length l2 having coefficient of linear expansion s are joined end to end. The expansion in both the
l1
rods is same on variation of temperature. Then the value of l l is
1
2
s
(A)
a
s

Bansal Classes

s
(B)
a
s

(C)

a s
s

Calorimetry & Heat Transfer

[JEE' (Scr) 2003]

(D) None of these

[12]

Q.16

Q.17

Q.18

(a)

2 kg ice at 20C is mixed with 5 kg water at 20C. Then final amount of water in the mixture would be;
Given specific heat of ice = 0.5cal/gC, specific heat of water = 1 cal/gC,
Latent heat of fusion of ice = 80 cal/g.
[JEE' (Scr) 2003]
(A) 6 kg
(B) 5 kg
(C) 4 kg
(D) 2 kg
If emissivity of bodies X and Y are ex and ey and absorptive power
are Ax and Ay then
[JEE' (Scr) 2003]
(A) ey > ex ; Ay > Ax
(B) ey < ex ; Ay < Ax
(C) ey > ex ; Ay < Ax
(D) ey = ex ; Ay = Ax

Hot oil is circulated through an insulated container with a wooden lid at

the top whose conductivity K = 0.149 J/(m-C-sec), thickness t = 5 mm,
emissivity = 0.6. Temperature of the top of the lid in steady state is at
Tl = 127. If the ambient temperature Ta = 27C. Calculate
rate of heat loss per unit area due to radiation from the lid.
17
10 8 )
3

(b)

temperature of the oil. (Given =

Q.19

Three discs A, B, and C having radii 2 m, 4 m and 6 m respectively are coated with carbon black
on their outer surfaces. The wavelengths corresponding to maximum intensity are 300 nm, 400 nm
and 500 nm respectively. The power radiated by them are QA, QB and QC respectively.
(a) QA is maximum
(B) QB is maximum
[JEE' 2004 (Scr.)]
(C) QC is maximum
(D) QA = QB = QC

Q.20

Q.21

Two identical conducting rods are first connected independently to two vessels, one containing
water at 100C and the other containing ice at 0 C. In the second case, the rods are joined end to
end and connected to the same vessels. Let q1 and q2 g/s be the rate of melting of ice in the two
cases respectively. The ratio q2/q1 is
(A) 1/2
(B) 2/1
(C) 4/1
(D) 1/4 [JEE' 2004 (Scr.)]
Liquid oxygen at 50 K is heated to 300 K at constant pressure of 1 atm. The rate of heating is
constant. Which of the following graphs represents the variation of temperature with time?
(A)

Q.22

Q.23

[JEE' 2003]

(B)

(C)

(D)

[JEE' 2004 (Scr.)]

A cube of coefficient of linear expansion s is floating in a bath containing a liquid of coefficient of
volume expansion l. When the temperature is raised by T, the depth upto which the cube is
submerged in the liquid remains the same. Find the relation between s and l, showing all the
steps.
[JEE 2004]
One end of a rod of length L and cross-sectional area A is kept in a
furnace of temperature T1. The other end of the rod is kept at a
temperature T2. The thermal conductivity of the material of the rod is K
and emissivity of the rod is e. It is given that T2 = TS + T where T
<< TS, TS being the temperature of the surroundings. If T (T1 TS),
find the proportionality constant. Consider that heat is lost only by radiation
at the end where the temperature of the rod is T2.
[JEE 2004]

Bansal Classes

Calorimetry & Heat Transfer

[13]

Q.24

Three graphs marked as 1, 2, 3 representing the variation of maximum emissive

power and wavelength of radiation of the sun, a welding arc and a tungsten
filament. Which of the following combination is correct
(A) 1-bulb, 2 welding arc, 3 sun
(B) 2-bulb, 3 welding arc, 1 sun
(C) 3-bulb, 1 welding arc, 2 sun
(D) 2-bulb, 1 welding arc, 3 sun
[JEE' 2005 (Scr)]

Q.25

In which of the following phenomenon heat convection does not take place
(A) land and sea breeze
(B) boiling of water
(C) heating of glass surface due to filament of the bulb
(D) air around the furance

Q.26

[JEE' 2005 (Scr)]

2 litre water at 27C is heated by a 1 kW heater in an open container. On an average heat is lost to
surroundings at the rate 160 J/s. The time required for the temperature to reach 77C is
(A) 8 min 20 sec
(B) 10 min
(C) 7 min
(D) 14 min
[JEE' 2005 (Scr)]

Q.27

A spherical body of area A, and emissivity e = 0.6 is kept inside a black body. What is the rate at which
energy is radiated per second at temperature T
(A) 0.6 AT4
(B) 0.4 AT4
(C) 0.8 AT4
(D) 1.0 AT4
[JEE' 2005 (Scr)]
Q.28 1 calorie is the heat required to increased the temperature of 1 gm of water by 1C from
(A) 13.5C to 14.5C at 76 mm of Hg
(B) 14.5C to 15.5C at 760 mm of Hg
(C) 0C to 1C at 760 mm of Hg
(D) 3C to 4C to 760 mm of Hg
[JEE' 2005 (Scr)]
Q.29 In a dark room with ambient temperature T0, a black body is kept at a temperature T. Keeping the
temperature of the black body constant (at T), sunrays are allowed to fall on the black body through a
hole in the roof of the dark room. Assuming that there is no change in the ambient temperature of the
room, which of the following statement(s) is/are correct?
(A) The quantity of radiation absorbed by the black body in unit time will increase.
(B) Since emissivity = absorptivity, hence the quantity of radiation emitted by black body in unit time will
increase.
(C) Black body radiates more energy in unit time in the visible spectrum.
(D) The reflected energy in unit time by the black body remains same.
[JEE 2006]
Q.30

In an insulated vessel, 0.05 kg steam at 373 K and 0.45 kg of ice at 253 K are mixed. Then, find the
final temperature of the mixture.
Given, Lfusion = 80 cal/g = 336 J/g, Lvaporization = 540 cal/g = 2268 J/g,
Sice = 2100 J/kg K = 0.5 cal/gK and Swater = 4200 J/kg K = 1 cal /gK
[JEE 2006]

Bansal Classes

Calorimetry & Heat Transfer

[14]

ANSWER KEY
Q.1
Q.2
Q.3
Q.7

EXERCISE I

(i) 50 N, (ii) 0.045 J, (iii) 8.4 104 m,

(a) (dgL)/4Y, (b) (dgL)/6Y
25.5C
Q.4 0.1 cm
5 sec slow
Q.8
10 sec

(iv) x = 0.12 m

Q.5
Q.9

Q.14
Q.18
Q.22
Q.25
Q.28
Q.29

6

Q.12 0.2
Q.13

7/2
Q.15 5/3
Q.16
5C
Q.19 27/85
Q.20
1/90
Q.23 h/5R
Q.24
0 C, 125/4 g ice, 1275/4 g water
Q.26
1
(i)0.02kg,(ii) 40,000calkg ,(iii)750calkg1K1
10.34 cm
Q.30 80 k cal/kg
Q.31

Q.1

1/200 rad

Q.12

K A K B K 2K A K B
K11 > K , K ||
, K K
2
A
B

Q.11

Q.5
Q.7
Q.9

Q.14

1/ 3

4 106 m/C

4C
2:1
3V / 20
104.2

Q.17 1000 J (C)1

Q.21 (4/3)
Q.27 10cm , 40cm

3025 K

300
C
Q.3 1 : 1.26
17
800 cal kg1 K1, 1000 cal kg1 K1 Q.6 (a) 37.8 J/s (Watts), (b) 2.005 N-m
25 kJ
Q.8 9.02 105 gm
5000 J/C kg
Q.10 decrease by 0.75 cm3, 25C
Q.11 450C

Q.2

l1
k (T1 Tm )

l k (T1 Tm ) (Tm T2 )

9.720C/min
10 minutes

Q.1

12 gm

Q.7

k=

Q.8
Q.15

D
A

Q.20

Q.25

Q.6 2000 cm3

Q.10 10, 000 N

EXERCISE II

Q.17
Q.20

Q.4

65oC
15K/16

2 104 C

Q.13

Q.15 (a) 100 C/m, (b) 1000 J

Q.18 TA = 423 K

Q.2

T T
a 2s
b
loge loge 0 1
2K
a
T0 T2

Q.19 T =

Q.16 166.3 sec

2 500 = 600 K

EXERCISE III

60 C

Q.3

Q.5

Q.6

Q.9
Q.16

B, D
A

Q.10
Q.17

Q.21

Q.22 l = 2s

41.53 Watt; 26.48 0C ; 0.550C

5.5 min

KA log e 2
log e 2

2 t1
;
T
=
300
+
50
exp.

t1
t1
LC

Q.26 A

Bansal Classes

Q.27

A
A
A

Q.11 B
Q.12 B
Q.13 D
Q.18 (a) 595 watt/m2, (b) T0 420 K
Q.28 B

Q.23

K
4eLTS3 K

Q.29 A,B,C,D

Calorimetry & Heat Transfer

Q.14 0.5 kg
Q.19 B
Q.24

Q.30 273 K

[15]