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    Chapter 2 - Section A - Mathcad Solutions: M 35 KG G 9.8 M S Z 5 M Work M G Z Work 1.715 KJ U Work U 1.715 KJ

    Uploaded by

    Faris Naufal
    This document contains solutions to math problems using Mathcad software. It includes: - Calculations of work, internal energy change, and temperature change for a mass of water being lifted. - Similar calculations for a different mass of water. - Determining the final temperature in a thermodynamic process using conservation of energy. - Additional thermodynamic calculations for processes involving changes in internal energy, enthalpy, temperature, pressure, and flow velocity.

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    Chapter 2 - Section A - Mathcad Solutions: M 35 KG G 9.8 M S Z 5 M Work M G Z Work 1.715 KJ U Work U 1.715 KJ

    Uploaded by

    Faris Naufal
    64 views11 pages
    This document contains solutions to math problems using Mathcad software. It includes: - Calculations of work, internal energy change, and temperature change for a mass of water being lifted. - Similar calculations for a different mass of water. - Determining the final temperature in a thermodynamic process using conservation of energy. - Additional thermodynamic calculations for processes involving changes in internal energy, enthalpy, temperature, pressure, and flow velocity.

    Original Description:

    SM_2A

    Original Title

    SM_2A

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    © © All Rights Reserved

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    This document contains solutions to math problems using Mathcad software. It includes: - Calculations of work, internal energy change, and temperature change for a mass of water being lifted. - Similar calculations for a different mass of water. - Determining the final temperature in a thermodynamic process using conservation of energy. - Additional thermodynamic calculations for processes involving changes in internal energy, enthalpy, temperature, pressure, and flow velocity.

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
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    64 views11 pages

    Chapter 2 - Section A - Mathcad Solutions: M 35 KG G 9.8 M S Z 5 M Work M G Z Work 1.715 KJ U Work U 1.715 KJ

    Uploaded by

    Faris Naufal
    This document contains solutions to math problems using Mathcad software. It includes: - Calculations of work, internal energy change, and temperature change for a mass of water being lifted. - Similar calculations for a different mass of water. - Determining the final temperature in a thermodynamic process using conservation of energy. - Additional thermodynamic calculations for processes involving changes in internal energy, enthalpy, temperature, pressure, and flow velocity.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    of 11

    Chapter 2 - Section A - Mathcad Solutions

    2.1 (a)

    Mwt := 35 kg

    g := 9.8

    z := 5 m

    s
    Work := Mwt g z
    (b)

    Work = 1.715 kJ Ans.

    Utotal := Work

    Utotal = 1.715 kJ

    Ans.

    dU + d ( PV) = CP dT

    (c) By Eqs. (2.14) and (2.21):


    Since P is constant, this can be written:

    MH2O CP dT = MH2O dU + MH2O P dV


    Take Cp and V constant and integrate: MH2O CP (t 2 t 1) = U total
    kJ
    t1 := 20 degC
    CP := 4.18
    MH2O := 25 kg
    kg degC
    t2 := t 1 +

    U total
    MH2O CP

    t2 = 20.02 degC

    Ans.

    (d) For the restoration process, the change in internal energy is equal but of
    opposite sign to that of the initial process. Thus
    Q := Utotal
    (e)

    Q = 1.715 kJ

    Ans.

    In all cases the total internal energy change of the universe is zero.

    2.2 Similar to Pb. 2.1 with mass of water = 30 kg.


    Answers are:

    (a) W = 3.43 kJ
    (b) Internal energy change of
    the water = 2.86 kJ
    (c) Final temp. = 20.027 deg C
    (d) Q = -2.86 kJ
    5

    2.4

    The electric power supplied to the motor must equal the work done by the
    motor plus the heat generated by the motor.
    i := 9.7amp

    E := 110V

    Wdotmech := 1.25hp

    Wdotelect := i E

    Wdotelect = 1.067 10 W

    Qdot := Wdotelect Wdotmech


    2.5

    Qdot = 134.875 W

    Ans.

    Eq. (2.3): U = Q + W
    Step 1 to 2:

    Step 3 to 4:

    Ut12 := 200J

    W12 := 6000J

    Q12 := Ut12 W12

    Q12 = 5.8 10 J

    Ans.

    Q34 := 800J

    W34 := 300J

    Ut34 := Q34 + W34

    Ut34 = 500 J

    Ans.

    Step 1 to 2 to 3 to 4 to 1: Since U is a state function, U for a series of


    steps that leads back to the initial state must be zero. Therefore, the sum of
    t

    the U values for all of the steps must sum to zero.


    Ut41 := 4700J
    Ut23 = 4000 J
    Step 2 to 3:

    Ut23 := Ut12 Ut34 Ut41


    Ans.
    3

    Ut23 = 4 10 J

    Q23 := 3800J

    W23 := Ut23 Q 23

    W23 = 200 J

    Ans.

    For a series of steps, the total work done is the sum of the work done for each
    step.
    W12341 := 1400J
    6

    W41 := W12341 W12 W23 W34


    Step 4 to 1:

    Note:
    2.11

    2.12

    Ans.

    Ut41 := 4700J

    W41 = 4.5 10 J

    Q41 := Ut41 W41

    Q41 = 200 J

    Ans.

    Q12341 = W12341

    The enthalpy change of the water = work done.


    kJ
    kg degC

    M := 20 kg

    CP := 4.18

    Wdot := 0.25 kW

    :=

    Q := 7.5 kJ

    U := 12 kJ

    U := 12 kJ
    2.13

    W41 = 4.5 10 J

    t := 10 degC

    M CP t

    = 0.929 hr

    Wdot

    Ans.

    W := U Q

    Q := U

    W = 19.5 kJ

    Ans.

    Q = 12 kJ

    Ans.

    Subscripts: c, casting; w, water; t, tank. Then


    mc Uc + mw Uw + mt Ut = 0
    Let C represent specific heat,

    C = CP = CV

    Then by Eq. (2.18)


    mc Cc tc + mw C w t w + mt Ct t t = 0
    mc := 2 kg
    Cc := 0.50

    mw := 40 kg
    kJ
    kg degC

    tc := 500 degC
    Given

    mt := 5 kg

    Ct := 0.5
    t1 := 25 degC

    kJ
    kg degC

    Cw := 4.18

    t2 := 30 degC

    kJ
    kg degC

    (guess)

    mc Cc ( t 2 tc) = (mw Cw + mt Ct) ( t 2 t1)


    t2 := Find ( t2)
    7

    t2 = 27.78 degC

    Ans.

    kJ
    kg K

    mass := 1 kg

    CV := 4.18

    (a)

    T := 1K

    Ut := mass C V T

    (b)

    g := 9.8

    2.15

    Ut = 4.18 kJ

    Ans.

    EP := Ut

    s
    z :=

    (c)

    2.17

    EP
    z = 426.531 m Ans.

    mass g

    EK

    EK := Ut

    u :=

    z := 50m

    := 1000

    u = 91.433

    1
    mass
    2
    kg
    3

    u := 5

    m
    2
    D
    4

    A :=

    m
    s

    mdot := u A

    mdot = 1.571 10

    A = 3.142 m
    4 kg

    s
    3

    (b)

    Ans.

    D := 2m

    Wdot := mdot g z Wdot = 7.697 10 kW


    2.18 (a)

    m
    s

    Ans.
    3

    kJ
    U1 := 762.0
    kg

    P1 := 1002.7 kPa

    H1 := U 1 + P1 V 1

    H1 = 763.131

    kJ
    kg

    cm
    V1 := 1.128
    gm
    Ans.

    kJ
    U2 := 2784.4
    kg

    P2 := 1500 kPa

    cm
    V2 := 169.7
    gm

    H2 := U 2 + P2 V 2

    U := U 2 U1

    H := H 2 H1

    U = 2022.4

    kJ
    kg

    H = 2275.8

    Ans.

    kJ
    kg

    Ans.

    D1 := 2.5cm

    2.22

    u1 := 2

    m
    s

    D2 := 5cm

    For an incompressible fluid, =constant. By a mass balance,


    mdot = constant = u1A 1 = u2A2.

    (a)

    D1
    u2 := u1
    D2
    EK :=

    (b)

    u2 = 0.5

    1 2 1 2
    u2 u1
    2
    2

    m
    s

    EK = 1.875

    Ans.
    J
    kg

    Ans.

    mdot3 H 3 ( mdot1 H 1 + mdot2 H 2) = Qdot

    2.23 Energy balance:

    mdot3 mdot1 mdot2 = 0

    Mass balance:

    mdot1 ( H 3 H1) + mdot2 ( H 3 H2) = Qdot

    Therefore:

    mdot C p ( T3 T1) + mdot2 CP ( T3 T2) = Qdot

    or

    T3 C P ( mdot1 + mdot2) = Qdot + mdot1 CP T1 + mdot2 C P T2


    mdot1 := 1.0

    kg
    s

    kJ
    Qdot := 30
    s
    T3 :=

    T1 := 25degC

    mdot2 := 0.8

    kg
    s

    T2 := 75degC

    kJ
    kg K

    CP := 4.18

    Qdot + mdot1 CP T1 + mdot2 CP T2

    (mdot1 + mdot2) CP

    T3 = 43.235 degC

    By continuity,
    incompressibility

    u
    H +
    = 0
    2
    A1
    u2 = u1
    A2

    A1 2
    u = u1 1
    A2

    D1 4
    u = u1 1
    D2

    2.25 By Eq. (2.32a):

    H = CP T
    CP := 4.18

    kJ
    kg degC

    Ans.

    u1 := 14

    SI units:

    m
    s

    D1 := 2.5 cm

    4
    D1
    T :=
    1
    2 CP
    D2

    u1

    D2 := 3.8 cm

    T = 0.019 degC

    Ans.

    T = 0.023 degC

    Ans.

    D2 := 7.5cm
    4
    D1
    T :=
    1
    2 CP
    D2

    u1

    Maximum T change occurrs for infinite D2:


    D2 := cm
    4
    D1
    T :=
    1
    2 CP
    D2

    u1

    2.26 T1 := 300K

    T2 := 520K

    Wsdot := 98.8kW

    T = 0.023 degC

    ndot := 50

    H := C P ( T2 T1)

    m
    s

    u1 := 10
    kmol
    hr

    u2 := 3.5
    CP :=

    m
    s

    Ans.

    molwt := 29

    kg
    kmol

    7
    R
    2

    3 kJ

    H = 6.402 10

    kmol

    By Eq. (2.30):

    u22 u12

    Qdot := H +

    molwt ndot Wsdot Qdot = 9.904 kW Ans.


    2

    u
    H =
    2 gc

    2.27 By Eq. (2.32b):

    By continunity,
    constant area

    u2 = u1

    V2

    u2 = u1

    V1

    T2 P1 2
    u = u1 1
    T1 P2

    also
    T 2 P1

    T 1 P2

    H = CP T =

    10

    V2
    V1

    T 2 P1

    T 1 P2

    u = u2 u1
    7
    R ( T2 T1)
    2

    P1 := 100 psi
    R = 3.407

    P2 := 20 psi
    ft lbf

    molwt := 28

    mol rankine

    T2 := 578 rankine

    u1 := 21

    ft
    s

    T1 := 579.67 rankine

    gm
    mol

    (guess)

    u1 T2 P1
    7
    R ( T 2 T 1) =
    1 molwt
    2
    2 T1 P2

    Given

    T2 := Find ( T2)

    T2 = 578.821 rankine

    Ans.

    (119.15 degF)

    2.28 u1 := 3

    m
    s

    u2 := 200

    m
    s

    H1 := 334.9
    2

    By Eq. (2.32a):

    m
    s
    m
    u2 := 500
    s

    2.29 u1 := 30

    By Eq. (2.32a):

    u2 u1
    Q := H 2 H1 +
    2

    H1 := 3112.5

    kJ
    kg

    H2 := 2726.5

    kJ
    kg

    Q = 2411.6

    H2 := 2945.7

    kJ
    kg

    kJ
    kg

    Ans.

    kJ
    kg

    (guess)
    2

    Given
    u2 = 578.36

    H2 H 1 =
    m
    s

    u1 u2

    u2 := Find ( u2)

    Ans.
    3

    D1 := 5 cm

    cm
    V1 := 388.61
    gm

    Continuity:

    D2 := D 1

    u1 V 2
    u2 V 1
    11

    cm
    V2 := 667.75
    gm
    D2 = 1.493 cm

    Ans.

    2.30 (a)

    t1 := 30 degC
    CV := 20.8

    By Eq. (2.19):

    t2 := 250 degC

    n := 3 mol

    J
    mol degC
    Q := n CV ( t2 t 1)

    Q = 13.728 kJ

    Ans.

    Take into account the heat capacity of the vessel; then


    mv := 100 kg

    cv := 0.5

    kJ
    kg degC

    Q := ( mv cv + n C V) ( t 2 t1)
    (b)

    t1 := 200 degC
    CP := 29.1

    t2 := 40 degC

    Ans.

    n := 4 mol

    joule
    mol degC

    By Eq. (2.23):
    2.31 (a) t1 := 70 degF
    CV := 5

    Q = 11014 kJ

    BTU
    mol degF

    Q := n CV ( t2 t 1)

    Q := n CP ( t2 t 1)

    Q = 18.62 kJ

    t2 := 350 degF

    n := 3 mol

    By Eq. (2.19):
    Q = 4200 BTU

    Ans.

    Take account of the heat capacity of the vessel:


    mv := 200 lbm

    cv := 0.12

    Q := ( mv cv + n C V) ( t 2 t1)
    (b) t1 := 400 degF
    CP := 7

    BTU
    mol degF

    Q := n CP ( t2 t 1)

    BTU
    lbm degF

    Q = 10920 BTU

    t2 := 150 degF

    Ans.

    n := 4 mol

    By Eq. (2.23):
    Q = 7000 BTU
    12

    Ans.

    Ans.

    2.33

    H1 := 1322.6

    BTU
    lbm
    3

    H2 := 1148.6

    ft
    V2 := 78.14
    lbm

    2
    D 1 u1
    4
    mdot :=
    V1

    mdot = 3.463 10

    V2

    2
    D2
    4

    u2 = 22.997

    Wdot := Ws mdot

    ft
    V1 := 9.25
    lbm

    2
    D 1 u1
    4
    mdot :=
    V1
    u2 := mdot

    V2

    2
    D2
    4

    D1 := 3 in

    D2 := 10 in

    sec

    ft
    sec

    u2 u1

    Eq. (2.32a): Ws := H 2 H1 +

    BTU
    lbm

    ft
    s

    4 lb

    H1 := 307

    u1 := 10

    ft
    V1 := 3.058
    lbm

    u2 := mdot

    2.34

    BTU
    lbm

    Ws = 173.99

    Wdot = 39.52 hp

    H2 := 330

    BTU
    lbm

    BTU
    lb

    Ans.

    u1 := 20

    ft
    s

    molwt := 44

    ft
    V2 := 0.28
    lbm

    D1 := 4 in

    mdot = 679.263
    u2 = 9.686

    lb
    hr

    ft
    sec

    D2 := 1 in

    Ws := 5360

    BTU
    lbmol

    u2 u1
    Ws
    BTU
    Eq. (2.32a): Q := H 2 H1 +

    Q = 98.82
    2
    molwt
    lbm
    Qdot := mdot Q

    Qdot = 67128
    13

    BTU
    hr

    Ans.

    gm
    mol

    2.36

    T1 := 300 K

    V1 := 83.14

    P := 1 bar

    3
    bar cm T1

    mol K P

    n :=

    1 kg
    gm
    28.9
    mol

    n = 34.602 mol

    cm
    mol

    V1 = 24942

    2
    W = n P dV = n P ( V1 V 2) = n P (V 1 3 V 1)
    V
    1

    W := n P 2 V1

    Whence

    T 2 = T 1

    Given:
    CP := 29

    V2
    V1

    = T 1 3

    Q = 602.08 kJ

    Q+W
    n

    U = 12.41

    kJ
    mol

    Ans.

    T2 := 3 T1

    Whence

    H := C P ( T2 T1)

    joule
    mol K

    Q := n H
    U :=

    W = 172.61 kJ

    H = 17.4

    kJ
    mol

    Ans.

    Ans.
    Ans.

    2.37 Work exactly like Ex. 2.10: 2 steps, (a) & (b). A value is required for PV/T,
    namely R.
    R = 8.314

    J
    mol K

    (a) Cool at const V1 to P2


    (b) Heat at const P2 to T2
    Ta2 := T1

    P2
    P1

    Tb := T2 Ta2

    T1 := 293.15 K

    T2 := 333.15 K

    P1 := 1000 kPa

    P2 := 100 kPa

    CP :=

    7
    R
    2

    CV :=

    5
    R
    2

    Ta2 = 29.315 K
    Tb = 303.835 K

    14

    Ta := Ta2 T1

    Ta = 263.835 K

    3 J

    Hb := C P Tb

    Hb = 8.841 10

    Ua := C V Ta
    V1 :=

    R T1
    P1

    mol
    3 J
    Ua = 5.484 10
    mol
    3
    3 m

    V1 = 2.437 10

    mol

    V2 :=

    R T2

    m
    V2 = 0.028
    mol

    P2

    Ha := U a + V1 ( P2 P1)

    Ha = 7.677 10

    Ub := Hb P2 (V 2 V1)

    Ub = 6.315 10

    3 J

    mol

    3 J

    U := Ua + U b

    U = 0.831

    kJ
    mol

    Ans.

    H := Ha + H b

    H = 1.164

    kJ
    mol

    Ans.

    15

    mol

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