Proracun - Example Cold Formed Steel

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Example: Calculation of effective section properties for a cold-formed lipped channel section in bending

CALCULATION SHEET

Document Ref:

SX022a-EN-EU

Title

Example: Calculation of effective section properties for a


cold-formed lipped channel section in bending

Eurocode Ref

EN 1993-1-3

Made by

V. Ungureanu, A. Ruff

Date

Dec 2005

Checked by

D. Dubina

Date

Dec 2005

Sheet

of

Example: Calculation of effective section


properties for a cold-formed lipped channel
section in bending
This example deals with the effective properties calculation of a coldformed lipped channel section subjected to bending about its major axis.
For practical design of light gauge sections to EN1993, designers will normally use software
or refer to manufacturers data. This example is presented for illustrative purposes

Basic Data

Created on Wednesday, July 18, 2012


This material is copyright - all rights reserved. Use of this document is subject to the terms and conditions of the Access Steel Licence Agreement

The dimensions of the cross-section and the material properties are:


h 200 mm
Total height
Total width of flange in compression

b1

74 mm

Total width of flange in tension

b2

66 mm

Total width of edge fold

20,8 mm

Internal radius

3 mm

Nominal thickness

t nom

Steel core thickness

t 1,96 mm

Basic yield strength

f yb

Modulus of elasticity

210000 N mm2

Poissons ratio

0,3

Partial factor

J M0 1,00

2 mm

EN1993-1-3
3.2.4(3)

350 N mm 2

The dimensions of the section centre line are:

Web height

hp

h  t nom

200  2 198 mm

Width of flange in compression

bp1

b1  t nom

74  2

72 mm

Width of flange in tension

bp2

b2  t nom

66  2

64 mm

EN1993-1-3
2(3)

Example: Calculation of effective section properties for a cold-formed lipped channel section in bending

CALCULATION SHEET

Document Ref:

SX022a-EN-EU

Title

Example: Calculation of effective section properties for a


cold-formed lipped channel section in bending

Eurocode Ref

EN 1993-1-3

Made by

V. Ungureanu, A. Ruff

Date

Dec 2005

Checked by

D. Dubina

Date

Dec 2005

Width of edge fold

c  t nom 2

cp

Sheet

of

20,8  2 2 19,8 mm

Checking of geometrical proportions


The design method of EN1993-1-3 can be applied if the following conditions EN1993-1-3
5.2
are satisfied:

b t d 60

b1 t

74 1,96 37,75  60 OK

c t d 50

ct

20,8 1,96 10,61  50 OK

h t d 500

ht

200 1,96 102,04  500 OK

Created on Wednesday, July 18, 2012


This material is copyright - all rights reserved. Use of this document is subject to the terms and conditions of the Access Steel Licence Agreement

In order to provide sufficient stiffness and to avoid primary buckling of the


stiffener itself, the size of stiffener should be within the following range:

0,2 d c b d 0,6

c b1

20,8 74 0,28

0,2  0,28  0,6 OK

c b2

20,8 66 0,32

0,2  0,32  0,6 OK

The influence of rounding of the corners is neglected if:

r td5

rt

3 1,96 1,53  5 OK

r bp d 0,10

r bp1

3 72

0,04  0,10 OK

r bp 2

3 64

0,05  0,10 OK

Gross section properties


Abr

t 2cp  bp1  bp2  hp 1,96 u 2 u 19,8  72  64  198 732 mm 2

Position of the neutral axis with respect to the flange in compression:


z b1

>c h
p

 cp 2  bp2 hp  hp2 2  cp2 2 t


Abr

96,88 mm

EN1993-1-3
5.1(3)

Example: Calculation of effective section properties for a cold-formed lipped channel section in bending

CALCULATION SHEET

Document Ref:

SX022a-EN-EU

Title

Example: Calculation of effective section properties for a


cold-formed lipped channel section in bending

Eurocode Ref

EN 1993-1-3

Made by

V. Ungureanu, A. Ruff

Date

Dec 2005

Checked by

D. Dubina

Date

Dec 2005

Sheet

of

Effective section properties of the flange and lip in compression


The general (iterative) procedure is applied to calculate the effective EN1993-1-3
properties of the compressed flange and the lip (plane element with edge 5.5.3.2
stiffener). The calculation should be carried out in three steps:
Step 1:
Obtain an initial effective cross-section for the stiffener using effective widths EN1993-1-3
of the flange determined by assuming that the compressed flange is doubly 5.5.3.2 (3)
supported, the stiffener gives full restraint ( K f ) and that design strength is
not reduced ( V com,Ed f yb / J M 0 ).
Effective width of the compressed flange
Created on Wednesday, July 18, 2012
This material is copyright - all rights reserved. Use of this document is subject to the terms and conditions of the Access Steel Licence Agreement

The stress ratio: \

1 (uniform compression), so

the buckling factor is: k

4 for internal compression element.

235 f yb

bp1 t
28,4 H k

72 1,96
28,4 u 235 350 u 4

0,789

The width reduction factor is:

Op,b  0,055 3  \
Op,b 2

0,789  0,055 u 3  1
0,914
0,789 2

The effective width is:


beff U bp1 0 ,914 u 72 65,8 mm

be1

be2

0,5beff

and
EN1993-1-5
4.4

The relative slenderness:

Op,b

EN1993-1-3
5.5.2

0,5 u 65,8 32,9 mm

Example: Calculation of effective section properties for a cold-formed lipped channel section in bending

CALCULATION SHEET

Document Ref:

SX022a-EN-EU

Title

Example: Calculation of effective section properties for a


cold-formed lipped channel section in bending

Eurocode Ref

EN 1993-1-3

Made by

V. Ungureanu, A. Ruff

Date

Dec 2005

Checked by

D. Dubina

Date

Dec 2005

Sheet

of

Effective width of the edge fold


The buckling factor is:
if bp, c bp1 d 0,35 :

EN1993-1-3
5.5.3.2 (5a)

0,5

if 0,35  bp, c bp1 d 0,6 :

0,5  0,83 3 bp, c bp1  0,35

bp, c bp1 19,8 72 0,275  0,35

so

0,5

The relative slenderness:

Created on Wednesday, July 18, 2012


This material is copyright - all rights reserved. Use of this document is subject to the terms and conditions of the Access Steel Licence Agreement

Op,c

cp t

28,4 H k

EN1993-1-5
4.4

19,8 1,96
28,4 u 235 350 u 0,5

0,614

The width reduction factor is:

Op,c  0,188
Op,c 2

but U d 1

0,614  0,188
0,614 2
so

1,13

U 1
EN1993-1-3
5.5.3.2 (5a)

The effective width is:


ceff

U cp 1 u 19,8 19,8 mm

Effective area of the edge stiffener:


As

t be2  ceff

1,96 u 32,9  19,8

5.5.3.2 (6)
103,3 mm

Step 2:

Use the initial effective cross-section of the stiffener to determine the EN1993-1-3
reduction factor, allowing for the effects of the continuous spring restraint.
5.5.3.2 (3)
The elastic critical buckling stress for the edge stiffener is

V cr ,s
where:

2 K E Is
As

EN1993-1-3
5.5.3.2 (7)

Example: Calculation of effective section properties for a cold-formed lipped channel section in bending

CALCULATION SHEET

Document Ref:

SX022a-EN-EU

Title

Example: Calculation of effective section properties for a


cold-formed lipped channel section in bending

Eurocode Ref

EN 1993-1-3

Made by

V. Ungureanu, A. Ruff

Date

Dec 2005

Checked by

D. Dubina

Date

Dec 2005

Sheet

of

EN1993-1-3
5.5.3.1(5)

K is the spring stiffness per unit length:


K

1
E t3
2
3
2
4(1  Q ) b1 hp  b1  0,5 b1 b2 hp kf

with:

Created on Wednesday, July 18, 2012


This material is copyright - all rights reserved. Use of this document is subject to the terms and conditions of the Access Steel Licence Agreement

b1 distance from the web to the centre of the effective area of the stiffener in
compression (upper flange)
be2t be2 2
(be2  ceff )t

72 

32,9 u 1,96 u 32,9 2


(32,9  19,8) u 1,96

b1

bp1 

kf

0 for bending about the y-y axis

0,439 N mm

61,73 mm

I s is the effective second moment of area of the stiffener:


2

Is

2
3

ceff

ceff 2
be2 t 3 ceff t
ceff


 be2 t

 ceff t
12
12
2 2 be2  ceff
2 be2  ceff

Is

3663 mm 4

so, the elastic critical buckling stress for the edge stiffener is

V cr,s

2 u 0,439 u 210000 u 3663


103,3

355,78 N mm 2

Example: Calculation of effective section properties for a cold-formed lipped channel section in bending

CALCULATION SHEET

Document Ref:

SX022a-EN-EU

Title

Example: Calculation of effective section properties for a


cold-formed lipped channel section in bending

Eurocode Ref

EN 1993-1-3

Made by

V. Ungureanu, A. Ruff

Date

Dec 2005

Checked by

D. Dubina

Date

Dec 2005

Sheet

of

Thickness reduction factor d for the edge stiffener

EN1993-1-3
5.5.3.2 (3)

The relative slenderness:

Od

Figure 5.10d

f yb V cr,s

350 355,78

0,992

The reduction factor will be:


if Od d 0,65

F d 1,0

if 0,65  Od  1,38

F d 1,47  0,723 Od

if Od t 1,38
0,65  Od
Created on Wednesday, July 18, 2012
This material is copyright - all rights reserved. Use of this document is subject to the terms and conditions of the Access Steel Licence Agreement

EN1993-1-3
5.5.3.1 (7)

Fd
0,992  1,38

EN1993-1-5
4.4 (2)

0,66 Od

so

F d 1,47  0,723 u 0,992 0,753


EN1993-1-3
5.5.3.2 (3)

Step 3:

As the reduction factor for buckling of the stiffener is d < 1, iterate to refine
the value of the reduction factor for buckling of the stiffener.
Figure 5.10e
The iterations are carried out based on modified values of U obtained using:

V com, Ed, i

Op, red

F d f yb J M0 and

Op F d

The iteration stops when the reduction factor F converges.


Initial values (iteration 1):

Final values (iteration n):

Fd

0,753

Fd

F d, n

0,737

be2

32,9 mm

be2

be2, n

35,9 mm

ceff

19,8 mm

ceff

ceff, n

19,8 mm

Final values of effective properties for flange and lip in compression are:

Fd

0,737

be2

and be1 32,9 mm

35,9 mm

ceff

19,8 mm

EN1993-1-3
5.5.3.2 (10)

Example: Calculation of effective section properties for a cold-formed lipped channel section in bending

CALCULATION SHEET

tred

tF d

Document Ref:

SX022a-EN-EU

Title

Example: Calculation of effective section properties for a


cold-formed lipped channel section in bending

Eurocode Ref

EN 1993-1-3

Made by

V. Ungureanu, A. Ruff

Date

Dec 2005

Checked by

D. Dubina

Date

Dec 2005

Sheet

1,96 u 0,737 1,44 mm

of

EN1993-1-3
5.5.3.2 (12)

Effective section properties of the web

The position of the neutral axis with regard to the flange in compression:

cp hp  cp 2  bp2 hp  hp 2  ceff F d 2
2

hc

hc 101,6 mm

cp  bp2  hp  be1  be2  ceff F d

The stress ratio:

Created on Wednesday, July 18, 2012


This material is copyright - all rights reserved. Use of this document is subject to the terms and conditions of the Access Steel Licence Agreement

hc  hp
hc

101,6  198
101,6

The buckling factor: k

0,949

7,81  6,29\  9,78\ 2

The relative slenderness:

Op, h

hp t
28,4 H k

198 1,96
28,4 u 235 350 u 22,58

Op, h  0,055 3  \
Op, h 2

22,58

EN1993-1-5
4.4
(Table 4.1)

0,914

The width reduction factor is:

0,914  0,055 u 3  0,949


0,959
0,9142

Example: Calculation of effective section properties for a cold-formed lipped channel section in bending

CALCULATION SHEET

Document Ref:

SX022a-EN-EU

Title

Example: Calculation of effective section properties for a


cold-formed lipped channel section in bending

Eurocode Ref

EN 1993-1-3

Made by

V. Ungureanu, A. Ruff

Date

Dec 2005

Checked by

D. Dubina

Date

Dec 2005

Sheet

The effective width of the zone in compression of the web is:

heff

U hc

0,959 u 101,6 97,5 mm

Near the flange in compression:

he1 0,4heff

0,4 u 97,5 39 mm

Near the neutral axis:

he2

0,6heff

0,6 u 97,5 58,5 mm

The effective width of the web is:

Created on Wednesday, July 18, 2012


This material is copyright - all rights reserved. Use of this document is subject to the terms and conditions of the Access Steel Licence Agreement

Near the flange in compression:

h1

he1 39 mm

Near the flange in tension:


h2

hp  hc  he2 198  101,6  58,5 154,9 mm

Effective section properties

Effective cross-section area:


Aeff

t[cp  bp 2  h1  h2  be1  (be 2  ceff ) F d ]

Aeff

1,96 u >19,8  64  39  154,9  32,9  35,9  19,8 u 0,737@

Aeff

689,2 mm 2

Position of the neutral axis with regard to the flange in compression:


zc

>

t cp hp  cp 2  bp2 hp  h2 hp  h2 2  h1 2  ceff F d 2

zc 102,3 mm

Aeff

of

u
g

SX022a-EN-EU

Title

Example: Calculation of effective section properties for a


cold-formed lipped channel section in bending

Eurocode Ref

EN 1993-1-3

Made by

V. Ungureanu, A. Ruff

Date

Dec 2005

Checked by

D. Dubina

Date

Dec 2005

Document Ref:

Position of the neutral axis with regard to the flange in tension:


hp  z c

198  102,3 95,7 mm

zt

Second moment of area:


3
3
3
c t b t 3 b ( F t )3 c 3 ( F d t )
h1 t h2 t bp2t


 p  e1  e2 d  eff

12 12
12
12
12
12
12
2
 cp t ( z t  cp 2) 2  bp 2tz t  h2t ( z t  h2 2) 2  h1t ( zc  h1 2) 2 

W
a

I eff,y

 be1t zc  be2 ( F d t ) zc  ceff ( F d t )( zc  ceff 2) 2


2

n
r

4140000 mm 4

o
e

I eff, y

- with regard to the flange in compression


Weff,y,c

r
h

e
i

a
s

Weff,y,t

C
T

I eff,y
zc

4140000
102,3

40460 mm3

- with regard to the flange in tension

e
m

d
a

Effective section modulus:

I eff,y
zt

4140000
95,7

43260 mm3

Sheet

CALCULATION SHEET

of

Example: Calculation of effective section properties for a cold-formed lipped channel section in bending

Example: Calculation of effective section properties for a cold-formed lipped


channel section in bending
SX022a-EN-EU.doc

Quality Record

RESOURCE TITLE

Example: Calculation of effective section properties for a cold-formed


lipped channel section in bending

Reference(s)
ORIGINAL DOCUMENT
Name

Company

Date

Created by

V. Ungureanu, A. Ruff

BRITT Ltd. Timisoara,


Romania

05/12/2005

Technical content checked by

D. Dubina

BRITT Ltd. Timisoara,


Romania

08/12/2005

1. UK

G W Owens

SCI

12/4/06

2. France

A Bureau

CTICM

12/4/06

3. Sweden

B Uppfeldt

SBI

11/4/06

4. Germany

C Mller

RWTH

11/4/06

5. Spain

J Chica

Labein

12/4/06

G W Owens

SCI

23/08/06

Created on Wednesday, July 18, 2012


This material is copyright - all rights reserved. Use of this document is subject to the terms and conditions of the Access Steel Licence Agreement

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