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Digital Communication Systems Digital Communication Systems: Syed Ahmed Faran

This document discusses digital communication systems and analog to digital conversion. It introduces three types of sampling: natural sampling, impulse sampling, and sample and hold (flat-top) sampling. It also discusses the Nyquist sampling theorem, which states that a bandlimited signal with highest frequency fc Hertz should be sampled at a uniform interval Ts, where the sampling rate is at least 2fc Hertz. Sampling at the Nyquist rate or higher is necessary to uniquely reconstruct the original signal from the sampled data.

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57 views11 pages

Digital Communication Systems Digital Communication Systems: Syed Ahmed Faran

This document discusses digital communication systems and analog to digital conversion. It introduces three types of sampling: natural sampling, impulse sampling, and sample and hold (flat-top) sampling. It also discusses the Nyquist sampling theorem, which states that a bandlimited signal with highest frequency fc Hertz should be sampled at a uniform interval Ts, where the sampling rate is at least 2fc Hertz. Sampling at the Nyquist rate or higher is necessary to uniquely reconstruct the original signal from the sampled data.

Uploaded by

AliImran
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Digital Communication Systems

Syed Ahmed Faran

Naturally analog or naturally digital


signal?
Hello
Salma!

Analog and digital

Analog to digital
ADC (analog to digital convertor)
ADC provide digitized data for digital processing
and transmission.

Sampling
Essentially, ACD performs sampling.
Sampling is multiplication of a message with a
sampling function.
We will study 3 different kinds of sampling.

But first
Remember?

Note:
Fourier transform of a periodic function is always periodic impulses.
Convolution of a function f1 with an impulse function f2 results in shifting
spectrum of f1 to fundamental frequency of f2 (and multiples of fundamental
frequency at times).

1. Natural sampling (gating)


xs(t)=x(t)xp(t)

2. Impulse sampling (ideal sampling)


xs(t)=x(t)xp(t)

3. Sample and hold (flat-top sampling)


x(t)

xs(t)=p(t) [x(t)x(t)]

x(t)x(t)

p(t)

xs(t)

Sampling theorem:
A bandlimited signal having fc Hertz as highest
frequency component should be sampled at
uniform intervals Ts so that it can be uniquely
reconstructed, where:

Or, sampling rate should be:


This rate is known as Nyquist rate and the
criterion is called Nyquist criterion.

Why at least Nyquist rate?


Consider again:

What if

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