Scribd
Upload
26 views

Note 2

This document discusses key characteristics of fluids and solids including: - Compressibility and how fluids and solids behave under tension and compression. Solids get shorter or longer while fluids do not change shape. - Density is a measure of how compact matter is and how much mass is in a given space, which determines if something is lighter or heavier. - Pascal's principle states that pressure changes are transmitted undiminished throughout an enclosed fluid at rest. Hydraulic systems use this to amplify force. - Fluid pressure increases with depth due to the weight of fluid above pressing down, so deeper water or denser liquids exert greater pressure.

Uploaded by

Bogus Account
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
26 views

Note 2

This document discusses key characteristics of fluids and solids including: - Compressibility and how fluids and solids behave under tension and compression. Solids get shorter or longer while fluids do not change shape. - Density is a measure of how compact matter is and how much mass is in a given space, which determines if something is lighter or heavier. - Pascal's principle states that pressure changes are transmitted undiminished throughout an enclosed fluid at rest. Hydraulic systems use this to amplify force. - Fluid pressure increases with depth due to the weight of fluid above pressing down, so deeper water or denser liquids exert greater pressure.

Uploaded by

Bogus Account
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 1

Characteristics of Fluids and Solids

2. Molecular structure, compressibility and


density of fluids and solids
Tension and Compressibility
When something is pulled on
(stretched), it is said to be in tension.
When it is pushed in (squashed), it is in
compression.
If you bend a ruler, the part bent on the
outside of the curve is in tension. The
inner curved part, which is pushed in, is
in compression.
Compression causes things to get
shorter and widen Tension causes them
to get longer and thinner.
Not obvious for most rigid materials,
because the shortening or lengthening
is very small.

3. Hydraulic systems and pressure (Pascal's


principle) Pascal: (1 Pa = 1 2 )
A change in pressure at any point in an
enclosed fluid at rest is transmitted
undiminished to all points in the fluid.

Figure 2: A 10-kg load on the left piston will support


500 kg on the right piston.

Figure 1:
The top part of the beam is stretched and
the bottom part is compressed.
Density: 1 /3 or 1 /3 or 1 /3
Trivial to observe that a large log is
clearly heavier than an iron nail.
The masses of the atoms and the
spacing between them determine the
density of materials.
The "lightness" or "heaviness" of
materials of the same size.
The compactness of matter, of how
much mass occupies a given space

4. Relationship between fluid pressure and


depth
As you swim deeper, there is more
water above you and therefore greater
pressure.
If you were submerged in a liquid more
dense than water, the pressure would
be correspondingly greater.
Liquid pressure = weight density X
depth

Figure 3
The average water pressure acting
against the dam depends on the average
depth of the water and not on the volume
of water held back. The large, shallow lake
exerts only one-half the average pressure
that the small, deep pond exerts.

You might also like