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Transistions Between States

This document discusses transitions between quantum states of a charged particle in an infinite square well potential. It defines the wave functions for the ground and first excited states, and shows that if the expectation value of position <x> does not change with time, no radiation will occur, but if <x> is time-dependent, radiation will be emitted or absorbed with a frequency corresponding to the energy difference between the states. The integrals involving the product of the wave functions determine whether <x> oscillates or not, and thus whether a transition between states can occur through emission or absorption of a photon.

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24 views13 pages

Transistions Between States

This document discusses transitions between quantum states of a charged particle in an infinite square well potential. It defines the wave functions for the ground and first excited states, and shows that if the expectation value of position <x> does not change with time, no radiation will occur, but if <x> is time-dependent, radiation will be emitted or absorbed with a frequency corresponding to the energy difference between the states. The integrals involving the product of the wave functions determine whether <x> oscillates or not, and thus whether a transition between states can occur through emission or absorption of a photon.

Uploaded by

BOB
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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TRANSISTIONS BETWEEN STATES

Consider charged particle (electron) in


infinite square well.
If

<x> = constant
No radiation

If

<x> = f(t)
Radiation with frequency of
oscillation
1

Consider ground state


n1, E1, 1, 1

And First excited state


n2, E2, 2, 2

Apply radiation electron can be in


ground state n1 or excited state n2

Wave Function will be

We want to see if <x> changes with time

OR

DEFINE
4

WHERE

LOOK AT THE THREE INTEGRALS

FIRST

TIME INDEPENDENT

AND

=
ALSO TIME INDEPENDENT

BUT

dx

WHICH YIELDS

Or

Let

And

M1 and M2 multiply oscillatory terms.

If M1 and M2 equal zero terms are zero and

Non oscillation.

But if neither M1 nor M2 is equal to zero

Oscillation.

Therefore

If M1 and M2 equal zero no oscillation and no transition from


upper state to lower.
10

THEREFORE UPPER STATE IS A METASTABLE STATE

11

Look at

But if neither M1 nor M2 is equal to zero

Transition from upper state to lower possible.

And

Can be written as sin or cos function

12

Thus

And the frequency of the photon given off is

THUS PHOTONS EMITTED OR ABSORBED FROM


SYSTEM OF TWO STATES WILL BE THOSE WITH
ENERGY hf EQUAL TO THE ENERGY DIFFERENCE
BETWEEN THE TWO STATES,

13

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