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PWM Examples: The Original Document

The document discusses different methods for implementing pulse-width modulation (PWM) on an Arduino board. It explains that PWM involves generating a digital square wave where the duty cycle, or time the signal is on, can be varied between 0-100% while maintaining a constant frequency. The Arduino makes PWM easy to use through the analogWrite function, which sets the duty cycle for pins capable of PWM output. More advanced techniques allow direct control over the duty cycle and frequency by accessing the PWM registers.

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47 views2 pages

PWM Examples: The Original Document

The document discusses different methods for implementing pulse-width modulation (PWM) on an Arduino board. It explains that PWM involves generating a digital square wave where the duty cycle, or time the signal is on, can be varied between 0-100% while maintaining a constant frequency. The Arduino makes PWM easy to use through the analogWrite function, which sets the duty cycle for pins capable of PWM output. More advanced techniques allow direct control over the duty cycle and frequency by accessing the PWM registers.

Uploaded by

Phieta Fairusy Fitria
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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by Ken Shirriff

with further editing by Paul Badger


the original document
Pulse-width modulation (PWM) can be implemented on the Arduino
in several ways. This article explains simple PWM techniques, as
well as how to use the PWM registers directly for more control over
the duty cycle and frequency. This article focuses on the Arduino
Diecimila and Duemilanove models, which use
the ATmega168 or ATmega328.
If you're unfamiliar with Pulse Width Modulation, see the tutorial.
Briefly, a PWM signal is a digital square wave, where the frequency
is constant, but that fraction of the time the signal is on (the duty
cycle) can be varied between 0 and
100%.

PWM examples
PWM has several uses:

Dimming an LED

Providing an analog output; if the digital output is filtered,


it will provide an analog voltage between 0% and 100% .

Generating audio signals.

Providing variable speed control for motors.

Generating a modulated signal, for example to drive an


infrared LED for a remote control.
Simple Pulse Width Modulation with analogWrite
The Arduino's programming language makes PWM easy to use;
simply call analogWrite(pin, dutyCycle), where dutyCycle is a value
from 0 to 255, and pin is one of the PWM pins (3, 5, 6, 9, 10, or 11).
The analogWrite function provides a simple interface to the
hardware PWM, but doesn't provide any control over frequency.
(Note that despite the function name, the output is a digital signal,
often referred to as a square wave.)
Probably 99% of the readers can stop here, and just use
analogWrite, but there are other options that provide more flexibility.

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