Proposed SSA 700 Revised

PROPOSED SINGAPORE
STANDARD
ON AUDITING
ED SSA 700
(Revised)
Forming an Opinion and Reporting

on Financial Statements
Proposed Singapore Standard on Auditing (SSA) 700 (Revised): Forming an
Opinion and Reporting on Financial Statements is based on Proposed
International Standard on Auditing (ISA) 700 (Revised): Forming an Opinion and
Reporting on Financial Statements, published by the International Federation of
Accountants (IFAC) in July 2013, and used with the permission of IFAC.
Copyright July 2013 by IFAC. All rights reserved. Used with permission of
IFAC. Permission is granted to make copies of this work to achieve maximum
exposure and feedback.
PROPOSED SINGAPORE STANDARD ON AUDITING 700

(REVISED)
FORMING AN OPINION AND REPORTING ON
FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(Effective for audits of financial statements for periods [beginning/ending on or after 15 December 2009
date])
CONTENTS
[MARKED FROM EXTANT]

Paragraph
Introduction
Scope of this SSA
1-4
Effective Date
Objectives
Definitions
7-9
Requirements
Forming an Opinion on the Financial Statements
10-15
Form of Opinion
16-19
Auditors Report
20-4548
Supplementary Information Presented with the Financial Statements
46-4749-50
Application and Other Explanatory Material

A1-A3
Qualitative Aspects of the Entitys Accounting Practices
Disclosure of the Effect of Material Transactions and Events on the
Information Conveyed in the Financial Statements
Description of the Applicable Financial Reporting Framework
A4
A5-A10
Form of Opinion
A11-A12
Auditors Report
A13-A44A58
Supplementary Information Presented with the Financial Statements
A45-A51A58-A65
Appendix: Illustrations of Independent Auditors Reports on Financial Statements
In developing proposed SSA 700 (Revised), certain requirements and application material in extant SSA 700 (beginning at
paragraph 23) were moved. Where requirements and application material were moved, a reference to the relevant extant
paragraph number(s) follows the revised text to each new paragraph as follows: [Extant paragraph A#]. Where new
requirements and new application material were developed, those corresponding paragraphs numbers are underlined.
Proposed Singapore Standard on Auditing (SSA) 700 (Revised), Forming an Opinion and Reporting
on Financial Statements should be read in conjunction with SSA 200, Overall Objectives of the
Independent Auditor and the Conduct of an Audit in Accordance with Singapore Standards on
Auditing.
PROPOSED SINGAPORE
STANDARD
ON AUDITING
ED SSA 700
(Revised)
Introduction
Scope of this SSA
1.
This Singapore Standard on Auditing (SSA) deals with the auditors responsibility to form an
opinion on the financial statements. It also deals with the form and content of the auditors
report issued as a result of an audit of financial statements.
2.
Proposed SSA 701 deals with the auditors responsibility to communicate key audit matters
2
3
in the auditors report. Proposed SSA 705 (Revised) and proposed SSA 706 (Revised) deal
with how the form and content of the auditors report are affected when the auditor expresses
a modified opinion or includes an Emphasis of Matter paragraph or an Other Matter
4
paragraph in the auditors report. Other SSAs including proposed SSA 570 (Revised) contain
reporting requirements that are applicable when issuing an auditors report.
3.
This SSA is written in the context of a complete set of general purpose financial statements.
5
SSA 800 deals with special considerations when financial statements are prepared in
6
accordance with a special purpose framework. SSA 805 deals with special considerations
relevant to an audit of a single financial statement or of a specific element, account or item of
a financial statement.
4.
This SSA promotes consistency in the auditors report. The requirements of this SSA are
aimed at addressing an appropriate balance between the need for consistency and
comparability in auditor reporting globally and the need to increase the value of auditor
reporting by making the information provided in the auditors report more relevant to users.
This SSA promotes consistency in the auditors report, but recognizes the need for flexibility
to accommodate particular circumstances of individual jurisdictions. Consistency in the
auditors report, when the audit has been conducted in accordance with SSAs, promotes
credibility in the global marketplace by making more readily identifiable those audits that have
been conducted in accordance with globally recognized standards. It also helps to promote
the users understanding and to identify unusual circumstances when they occur.
Effective Date
5.
This SSA is effective for audits of financial statements for periods [beginning/ending on or
after 15 December 2009date].
Objectives
6.
The objectives of the auditor are:
Proposed SSA 701, Communicating Key Audit Matters in the Independent Auditors Report
Proposed SSA 705 (Revised), Modifications to the Opinion in the Independent Auditors Report
3
Proposed SSA 706 (Revised), Emphasis of Matter Paragraphs and Other Matter Paragraphs in the Independent Auditors
Report
4
Proposed SSA 570 (Revised), Going Concern
5
SSA 800,Special ConsiderationsAudits of Financial Statements Prepared in Accordance with Special Purpose Frameworks
6
SSA 805, Special ConsiderationsAudits of Single Financial Statements and Specific Elements, Accounts or Items of a
Financial Statement
2
(a)
To form an opinion on the financial statements based on an evaluation of the

conclusions drawn from the audit evidence obtained; and
(b)
To express clearly that opinion through a written report that also describes the basis
for that opinion.
Definitions
7.
For purposes of the SSAs, the following terms have the meanings attributed below:
(a)
General purpose financial statements Financial statements prepared in accordance

with a general purpose framework.
(b)
General purpose framework A financial reporting framework designed to meet the

common financial information needs of a wide range of users. The financial reporting
framework may be a fair presentation framework or a compliance framework.
The term fair presentation framework is used to refer to a financial reporting
framework that requires compliance with the requirements of the framework and:
(i)
Acknowledges explicitly or implicitly that, to achieve fair presentation of the

financial statements, it may be necessary for management to provide
disclosures beyond those specifically required by the framework; or
(ii)
Acknowledges explicitly that it may be necessary for management to depart

from a requirement of the framework to achieve fair presentation of the
financial statements. Such departures are expected to be necessary only in
extremely rare circumstances.
The term compliance framework is used to refer to a financial reporting framework

that requires compliance with the requirements of the framework, but does not
7
contain the acknowledgements in (i) or (ii) above.
(c)
Unmodified opinion The opinion expressed by the auditor when the auditor
concludes that the financial statements are prepared, in all material respects, in
8
accordance with the applicable financial reporting framework.
8.
Reference to financial statements in this SSA means a complete set of general purpose
financial statements, including the related notes. The related notes ordinarily comprise a
summary of significant accounting policies and other explanatory information. The
requirements of the applicable financial reporting framework determine the form and content
of the financial statements, and what constitutes a complete set of financial statements.
9.
Reference to Singapore Financial Reporting Standards in this SSA means the Singapore
Financial Reporting Standards issued by the Accounting Standards Council, and reference to
Statutory Board Financial Reporting StandardsInternational Public Sector Accounting
Standards means the International Public Sector Accounting StandardsStatutory Board
Financial Reporting Standards issued by the International Public Sector Accounting Standards
BoardAccountant-General.
Requirements
Forming an Opinion on the Financial Statements
7
SSA 200, Overall Objectives of the Independent Auditor and the Conduct of an Audit in Accordance with Singapore Standards
on Auditing, paragraph 13(a).
Paragraphs 35-36 deal with the phrases used to express this opinion in the case of a fair presentation framework and a
compliance framework respectively.
10.
The auditor shall form an opinion on whether the financial statements are prepared, in all
9, 10
material respects, in accordance with the applicable financial reporting framework.
11.
In order to form that opinion, the auditor shall conclude as to whether the auditor has obtained
reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements as a whole are free from
material misstatement, whether due to fraud or error. That conclusion shall take into account:
(a)
The auditors conclusion, in accordance with SSA 330, whether sufficient appropriate
11
audit evidence has been obtained;
(b)
The auditors conclusion, in accordance with SSA 450, whether uncorrected

12
misstatements are material, individually or in aggregate; and
(c)
The evaluations required by paragraphs 12-15.
12.
The auditor shall evaluate whether the financial statements are prepared, in all material
respects, in accordance with the requirements of the applicable financial reporting framework.
This evaluation shall include consideration of the qualitative aspects of the entitys accounting
practices, including indicators of possible bias in managements judgments. (Ref: Para. A1A3)
13.
In particular, the auditor shall evaluate whether, in view of the requirements of the applicable
financial reporting framework:
14.
(a)
The financial statements adequately disclose the significant accounting policies

selected and applied;
(b)
The accounting policies selected and applied are consistent with the applicable
financial reporting framework and are appropriate;
(c)
The accounting estimates made by management are reasonable;
(d)
The information presented in the financial statements is relevant, reliable, comparable

and understandable;
(e)
The financial statements provide adequate disclosures to enable the intended users
to understand the effect of material transactions and events on the information
conveyed in the financial statements; and (Ref: Para. A4)
(f)
The terminology used in the financial statements, including the title of each financial
statement, is appropriate.
When the financial statements are prepared in accordance with a fair presentation framework,
the evaluation required by paragraphs 12-13 shall also include whether the financial
statements achieve fair presentation. The auditors evaluation as to whether the financial
statements achieve fair presentation shall include consideration of:
(a)
The overall presentation, structure and content of the financial statements; and
(b)
Whether the financial statements, including the related notes, represent the
underlying transactions and events in a manner that achieves fair presentation.
SSA 200, paragraph 11.

Paragraphs 35-36 deal with the phrases used to express this opinion in the case of a fair presentation framework and a
compliance framework respectively.
11
SSA 330, The Auditors Responses to Assessed Risks, paragraph 26.
12
SSA 450, Evaluation of Misstatements Identified during the Audit, paragraph 11.
10
15.
The auditor shall evaluate whether the financial statements adequately refer to or describe
the applicable financial reporting framework. (Ref: Para. A5-A10)
Form of Opinion
16.
The auditor shall express an unmodified opinion when the auditor concludes that the financial
statements are prepared, in all material respects, in accordance with the applicable financial
reporting framework.
17.
If the auditor:
(a)
concludes that, based on the audit evidence obtained, the financial statements as a
whole are not free from material misstatement; or
(b)
is unable to obtain sufficient appropriate audit evidence to conclude that the financial
statements as a whole are free from material misstatement,
the auditor shall modify the opinion in the auditors report in accordance with proposed SSA
705 (Revised).
18.
If financial statements prepared in accordance with the requirements of a fair presentation

framework do not achieve fair presentation, the auditor shall discuss the matter with
management and, depending on the requirements of the applicable financial reporting
framework and how the matter is resolved, shall determine whether it is necessary to modify
the opinion in the auditors report in accordance with proposed SSA 705 (Revised). (Ref:
Para. A11)
19.
When the financial statements are prepared in accordance with a compliance framework, the
auditor is not required to evaluate whether the financial statements achieve fair presentation.
However, if in extremely rare circumstances the auditor concludes that such financial
statements are misleading, the auditor shall discuss the matter with management and,
depending on how it is resolved, shall determine whether, and how, to communicate it in the
auditors report. (Ref: Para. A12)
Auditors Report
20.
The auditors report shall be in writing. (Ref: Para. A13-A14)
Auditors Report for Audits Conducted in Accordance with Singapore Standards on Auditing
Title
21.
The auditors report shall have a title that clearly indicates that it is the report of an
independent auditor. (Ref: Para. A15)
Addressee
22.
The auditors report shall be addressed as required by appropriate, based on the

circumstances of the engagement. (Ref: Para. A16)
Auditors Opinion
23.
The auditors report shall include a section with the heading Opinion. (Ref: Para. A17)
[Moved from para. 34 of extant]
24.
When expressing an unmodified opinion on financial statements prepared in accordance with

a fair presentation framework, the auditors opinion shall, unless otherwise required by law or
regulation, use one of the following phrases, which are regarded as being equivalent:
(a)
In our opinion, tThe accompanying financial statements present fairly, in all material
respects, [] in accordance with [the applicable financial reporting framework]; or
(b)
In our opinion, Thethe accompanying financial statements give a true and fair view of
[] in accordance with [the applicable financial reporting framework]. (Ref: Para.
A27-A33A18-A25) [Moved from para. 35 of extant]
25.
When expressing an unmodified opinion on financial statements prepared in accordance with

a compliance framework, the auditors opinion shall be that the accompanying financial
statements are prepared, in all material respects, in accordance with [the applicable financial
reporting framework]. (Ref: Para. A27, A29-A33 A22-A25) [Moved from para. 36 of extant]
26.
If the reference to the applicable financial reporting framework in the auditors opinion is not to
Singapore Financial Reporting Standards (FRSs) issued by the Accounting Standards
Council, International Public Sector Accounting Standards issued by the International Public
Sector Accounting Standards Board or Statutory Board Financial Reporting Standards issued
by the Accountant-Generalnational public sector accounting standards, the auditors opinion
shall identify the jurisdiction of origin of the framework. [Moved from para. 37 of extant]
Introductory Paragraph
27.
The introductory paragraph in the auditors report shall:

(a)
Identify the entity whose financial statements have been audited;
(b)
State that the financial statements have been audited;
(c)
Identify the title of each statement that comprises comprising the financial statements;
(d)
Refer to the notes, including the summary of significant accounting policies and other
explanatory information; and
(e)
Specify the date of, or period covered by each financial statement comprising the
financial statements. (Ref: Para. A26-A27) [Moved from para. 23 of extant]
Basis for Opinion

28.
The auditors report shall include a section with the heading Basis for Opinion that:
(a)
sStates that the audit was conducted in accordance with Singapore Standards on
Auditing; (Ref: Para. A28) [Moved 1st sentence of para. 30 of extant]
(b)
Refers to the section of the auditors report that describes the auditors
responsibilities under the SSAs;
(c)
The auditors report shall also explain that those standards require that the auditor
comply with ethical requirements and that the auditor plan and perform the audit to
obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements are free from
material misstatement.Includes a statement that the auditor is independent of the
entity within the meaning of the Accounting and Corporate Regulatory Authority
(ACRA) Code of Professional Conduct and Ethics for Public Accountants and
Accounting Entities and has fulfilled the auditors other ethical responsibilities under
those ethical requirements. If the independence and other responsibilities are
established by different sources, then the second part of the statement shall also
specify the source of the other relevant ethical requirements; and (Ref: Para. A25nd
A2629) [Moved 2 sentence of para. 30 of extant, see also para. 37]
(d)
The auditors report shall sStates whether the auditor believes that the audit evidence
the auditor has obtained is sufficient and appropriate to provide a basis for the
auditors opinion. [Moved para. 33 of extant]
8
Going Concern
29.
The auditor shall report in accordance with proposed SSA 570 (Revised).
Key Audit Matters

30.
For audits of complete sets of general purpose financial statements of a listed entity, the
auditor shall communicate key audit matters in the auditors report in accordance with
proposed SSA 701. When the auditor of a complete set of general purpose financial
statements of an entity other than a listed entity is required by law or regulation to
communicate key audit matters in the auditors report or otherwise decides to do so, the
auditor shall apply proposed SSA 701. (Ref: Para. A30-A31)
Other Information
31.
The auditor shall report in accordance with proposed SSA 720 (Revised).
13
Responsibilities for the Financial Statements

32.
The auditors report shall include a section with a heading Managements [or other
appropriate term] Responsibility for the Financial Statements.using the appropriate term to
describe those responsible for the preparation of the financial statements. This heading The
auditors report need not refer specifically to management, but shall use the term that is
appropriate in the context of the legal framework in the particular jurisdiction. In some
jurisdictions, the appropriate reference may be to those charged with governance.(Ref: Para.
A3132) [Merged para. 25 of extant and last two sentences in para. 24 of extant]
33.
This section of the auditors report shall describes the respective responsibilities of those in
the organization that are responsible for the preparation of the financial statements.: (Ref:
Para. A2033-A2335)
34.
(a)
The auditors report shall describe managements responsibility for the preparation of
the financial statements. The description shall include an explanation that
management is responsible for tThe preparation of the financial statements in
accordance with the applicable financial reporting framework, and for such internal
control as theyit determines is necessary to enable the preparation of financial
statements that are free from material misstatement, whether due to fraud or error;
st
and. [Moved 1 sentence of para. 24 and para. 26 of extant]
(b)
Oversight of the financial reporting process, where those responsible for oversight are
different from those in (a).
Where the financial statements are prepared in accordance with a fair presentation
framework, the explanation description of managements responsibility responsibilities for the
financial statements in the auditors report shall refer to the preparation and fair presentation
of these financial statements or the preparation of financial statements that give a true and
fair view, as appropriate in the circumstances. [Moved from para. 27 of extant]
Auditors Responsibilityies for the Audit of the Financial Statements

35.
The auditors report shall include a section with the heading Auditors Responsibilityies for
the Audit of the Financial Statements. [Moved from para. 28 of extant]
36.
The auditors report shall state that the responsibility of the auditor is to express an opinion on
the financial statements based on the audit. :
13
Exposure Draft, Proposed SSA 720 (Revised), The Auditors Responsibilities Relating to Other Information in Documents
Containing or Accompanying Audited Financial Statements and the Auditors Report Thereon
(a)
31.
The objectives of the audit are to:

(i)
Obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements as a

whole are free from material misstatement, whether due to fraud or error; and
nd
nd
[Moved from 2 part of 2 sentence in paras. 29-30 of extant]
(ii)
Issue an auditors report that includes an opinion. (Ref: Para. A3635)
(b)
Reasonable assurance is a high level of assurance, but is not a guarantee that an

audit conducted in accordance with SSAs will always detect a material misstatement
when it exists; and
(c)
Misstatements can arise from fraud or error and are considered material if,
individually or in the aggregate, they could reasonably be expected to influence the
economic decisions of users taken on the basis of these financial statements.
The auditors report shall describe an audit by stating that:

(a)
An audit involves performing procedures to obtain audit evidence about the amounts
and disclosures in the financial statements;
(b)
The procedures selected depend on the auditors judgment, including the assessment
of the risks of material misstatement of the financial statements, whether due to fraud
or error. In making those risk assessments, the auditor considers internal control
relevant to the entitys preparation of the financial statements in order to design audit
procedures that are appropriate in the circumstances, but not for the purpose of
expressing an opinion on the effectiveness of the entitys internal control. In
circumstances when the auditor also has a responsibility to express an opinion on the
effectiveness of internal control in conjunction with the audit of the financial
statements, the auditor shall omit the phrase that the auditors consideration of
internal control is not for the purpose of expressing an opinion on the effectiveness of
internal control; and
(c)
An audit also includes evaluating the appropriateness of the accounting policies used
and the reasonableness of accounting estimates made by management, as well as
the overall presentation of the financial statements.
32.
Where the financial statements are prepared in accordance with a fair presentation
framework, the description of the audit in the auditors report shall refer to the entitys
preparation and fair presentation of the financial statements or the entitys preparation of
financial statements that give a true and fair view, as appropriate in the circumstances.
37.
The auditors report shall further: (Ref: Para. A37)

(a)
State that, as part of an audit in accordance with SSAs, the auditor exercises
professional judgment and maintains professional skepticism throughout the planning
and performance of the audit; and
(b)
Describe an audit by stating that the auditors responsibilities are: [Replaces paras.
31-32 of extant]
(i)
To identify and assess the risks of material misstatement of the financial

statements, whether due to fraud or error, design and perform audit
procedures responsive to those risks, and obtain audit evidence that is
sufficient and appropriate to provide a basis for the auditors opinion. The risk
of not detecting a material misstatement resulting from fraud is higher than
for one resulting from error, as fraud may involve collusion, forgery,
intentional omissions, misrepresentations, or the override of internal control.
10
(c)
38.
(ii)
To obtain an understanding of internal control relevant to the audit in order to

design audit procedures that are appropriate in the circumstances, but not for
the purpose of expressing an opinion on the effectiveness of the entitys
internal control. In circumstances when the auditor also has a responsibility to
express an opinion on the effectiveness of internal control in conjunction with
the audit of the financial statements, the auditor shall omit the phrase that the
auditors consideration of internal control is not for the purpose of expressing
an opinion on the effectiveness of the entitys internal control.
(iii)
To evaluate the appropriateness of accounting policies used and the

reasonableness of accounting estimates and related disclosures made by
management.
(iv)
When the financial statements are prepared in accordance with a fair

presentation framework, to evaluate the overall presentation, structure and
content of the financial statements, including the disclosures, and whether
the financial statements represent the underlying transactions and events in a
manner that achieves fair presentation.
14
In circumstances where SSA 600 applies, further describe an audit by stating that
the auditors responsibilities in a group audit are:
(i)
To obtain sufficient appropriate audit evidence regarding the financial

information of the entities and business activities within the group to express
an opinion on the group financial statements;
(ii)
For the direction, supervision and performance of the group audit; and
(iii)
To remain solely responsible for the auditors opinion.
The auditors report shall also state that the auditor is required to:
(a)
Communicate with [those charged with governance] regarding, among other matters,
the planned scope and timing of the audit and significant audit findings, including any
significant deficiencies in internal control that the auditor identifies during the audit;
and
(b)
For audits of financial statements of listed entities, provide [those charged with
governance] with a statement that the auditor has complied with relevant ethical
requirements regarding independence and communicate with them all relationships
and other matters that may reasonably be thought to bear on the auditors
independence, and where applicable, related safeguards.
Location of the description of the auditors responsibilities for the audit of the financial statements
39.
The description of the auditors responsibilities required by paragraphs 37-38 shall be

included within the body of the auditors report or in an Appendix to the auditors report. When
the auditors responsibilities are included in an Appendix, the body of the auditors report shall
make reference to the location of that Appendix. (Ref: Para. A38-A39)
40.
Law or regulation may expressly permit the auditor to refer to a website of an appropriate
authority that contains a description of the auditors responsibilities. When:
14
(a)
That description is not inconsistent with the requirements set out in paragraphs 3738; and
(b)
The auditor decides to refer to that website rather than include the description of the
auditors responsibilities in the auditors report;
SSA 600, Special Considerations-Audits of Group Financial Statements (including the Work of Component Auditors)
11
the auditor shall include a reference in the auditors report to clearly indicate where this
description is located. (Ref: Para. A38, A40-A41)
Other Reporting Responsibilities
41.
If the auditor addresses other reporting responsibilities in the auditors report on the financial
statements that are in addition to the auditors responsibilitiesy under the SSAs, to report on
the financial statements, these other reporting responsibilities shall be clearly differentiated
from reporting required by the SSAsaddressed in a separate section in the auditors report
that shall be sub-titled Report on Other Legal and Regulatory Requirements, or otherwise as
appropriate to the content of the section. (Ref: Para. A34-A35A42-A44) [Moved from paras.
38-39 of extant]
39.
If the auditors report contains a separate section on other reporting responsibilities, the
headings, statements and explanations referred to in paragraphs 23-37 shall be under the
sub-title Report on the Financial Statements. The Report on Other Legal and Regulatory
Requirements shall follow the Report on the Financial Statements. (Ref: Para. A36)
Name of the Engagement Partner
42.
The name of the engagement partners shall be included in the auditors report for audits of
financial statements of listed entities unless, in rare circumstances, such disclosure is
reasonably expected to lead to a significant security threat to the individual. (Ref: Para. A45)
Signature of the Auditor

43.
The auditors report shall be signed. (Ref: Para. A46-A47A37) [Moved from para. 40 of extant]
Auditors Address
44.
The auditors report shall name the location in the jurisdiction where the auditor practices.
[Moved from para. 42 of extant]
Date of the Auditors Report

45.
The auditors report shall be dated no earlier than the date on which the auditor has obtained
sufficient appropriate audit evidence on which to base the auditors opinion on the financial
statements, including evidence that: (Ref: Para. A38-A41 A48-A51)
(a)
All the statements that comprise the financial statements, including the related notes,
have been prepared; and
(b)
Those with the recognized authority have asserted that they have taken responsibility
for those financial statements. [Moved from para. 41 of extant]
Auditors Report Prescribed by Law or Regulation

46.
If the auditor is required by law or regulation of a specific jurisdiction to use a specific layout
or wording of the auditors report, the auditors report shall refer to Singapore Standards on
Auditing only if the auditors report includes, at a minimum, each of the following elements:
(Ref: Para. A42 A52-A56) [Moved from para. 43 of extant]
(a)
A title.
(b)
An addressee, as required by the circumstances of the engagement.
(cf)
An opinion paragraph An Opinion section containing an expression of opinion on the

financial statements and a reference to the applicable financial reporting framework
used to prepare the financial statements (including identifying the jurisdiction of origin
of the financial reporting framework that is not Singapore Financial Reporting
Standards (FRSs), International Public Sector Accounting Standards or Statutory
12
Board Financial Reporting Standardsnational public sector accounting standards, see

paragraph 2637).
(dc)
An introductory paragraph that identifies identification of the entitys financial

statements that have been audited.
(e)
A statement that the auditor is independent of the entity within the meaning of the
Accounting and Corporate Regulatory Authority (ACRA) Code of Professional
Conduct and Ethics for Public Accountants and Accounting Entities and has fulfilled
the auditors other responsibilities under those ethical requirements. If the
independence and other ethical responsibilities are established by different sources,
then the second part of the statement shall also specify the source of the other
relevant ethical requirements.
(f)
A section that addresses the reporting requirements in proposed SSA 570 (Revised)
relating to going concern.
(g)
Where applicable, a section that includes the information required by proposed SSA
701, or additional information about the audit that is prescribed by law or regulation
15
and that is not inconsistent with the reporting requirements in that SSA. In
circumstances where law or regulation either requires or permits the auditor or those
charged with governance to prepare a separate report including a description of such
information, this section either includes a description of key audit matters, or refers to
such a description in a report issued by those charged with governance, or in an
supplementary report of the auditor. (Ref: Para. A53-A55)
(h)
A section that addresses the reporting requirements in proposed SSA 720 (Revised).
(id)
A description of the responsibilitiesy of management (or other appropriate term, see

paragraph 24) those responsible for the preparation of the financial statements.
(je)
A description of the auditors responsibility to express an opinion on the financial

statements and the scope of the audit, that includes:
A reference to Singapore Standards on Auditing and the law or regulation; and A a

description of the auditors responsibilities for an audit of the financial statements in a
manner that is not inconsistent with paragraphs 36-38accordance with those
standards;.
(k)
For audits of financial statements of listed entities, the name of the engagement
partner unless, in rare circumstances, such disclosure is reasonably expected to lead
to a significant security threat to the individual.
(lg)
The auditors signature.
(mi)
The auditors address.
(nh)
The date of the auditors report.
Auditors Report for Audits Conducted in Accordance with Both Auditing Standards of a Specific
Jurisdiction and Singapore Standards on Auditing
47.
15
An auditor may be required to conduct an audit in accordance with the auditing standards of a
specific jurisdiction (the national auditing standards), but may additionally have complied
with the SSAs in the conduct of the audit. If this is the case, the auditors report may refer to
Singapore Standards on Auditing in addition to the national auditing standards, but the auditor
shall do so only if: (Ref: Para. A43-A44A57-A58) [Moved from para. 44 of extant]
Proposed SSA 701, paragraph 9-11.
13
(a)
There is no conflict between the requirements in the national auditing standards and
those in SSAs that would lead the auditor (i) to form a different opinion, or (ii) not to
include an Emphasis of Matter paragraph that, in the particular circumstances, is
required by SSAs; and
(b)
The auditors report includes, at a minimum, each of the elements set out in
paragraph 4346(a)-(in) above when the auditor uses the layout or wording specified
by the national auditing standards. However, Rreference to law or regulation in
paragraph 43(e)46(j) shall be read as reference to the national auditing standards.
The auditors report shall thereby identify such national auditing standards.
4845. When the auditors report refers to both the national auditing standards and Singapore
Standards on Auditing, the auditors report shall identify the jurisdiction of origin of the national
auditing standards. [Moved from para. 45 of extant]
Supplementary Information Presented with the Financial Statements (Ref: Para.

A45-A51A59-A65)
49.
If supplementary information that is not required by the applicable financial reporting

framework is presented with the audited financial statements, the auditor shall evaluate
whether, in the auditors professional judgment, such supplementary information is clearly
differentiated from the audited financial statements. If such supplementary information is not
clearly differentiated from the audited financial statements, the auditor shall ask management
to change how the unaudited supplementary information is presented. If management refuses
to do so, the auditor shall explain in the auditors report that such supplementary information
has not been audited. Ssupplementary information that is not required by the applicable
financial reporting framework but is nevertheless an integral part of the financial statements
because it cannot be clearly differentiated from the audited financial statements due to either
its nature and or how it is presented. Where it is an integral part of the financial statements,
the supplementary information shall be covered by the auditors opinion. [Moved from paras.
46-47 of extant]
50.
If supplementary information that is not required by the applicable financial reporting

framework is not considered an integral part of the audited financial statements, the auditor
shall evaluate whether such supplementary information is presented in a way that sufficiently
and clearly differentiates it from the audited financial statements. If this is not the case, then
the auditor shall ask management to change how the unaudited supplementary information is
presented. If management refuses to do so, the auditor shall identify the unaudited
supplementary information and explain in the auditors report that such supplementary
information has not been audited. [Moved from paras. 46-47 of extant]
***
Application and Other Explanatory Material

Qualitative Aspects of the Entitys Accounting Practices (Ref: Para. 12)
A1.
Management makes a number of judgments about the amounts and disclosures in the
financial statements.
A2.
Proposed SSA 260 (Revised) contains a discussion of the qualitative aspects of accounting
16
practices. In considering the qualitative aspects of the entitys accounting practices, the
auditor may become aware of possible bias in managements judgments. The auditor may
conclude that the cumulative effect of a lack of neutrality, together with the effect of
uncorrected misstatements, causes the financial statements as a whole to be materially
misstated. Indicators of a lack of neutrality that may affect the auditors evaluation of whether
the financial statements as a whole are materially misstated include the following:
16
Proposed SSA 260 (Revised), Communication with Those Charged with Governance, Appendix 2.
14
A3.
The selective correction of misstatements brought to managements attention during

the audit (for example, correcting misstatements with the effect of increasing reported
earnings, but not correcting misstatements that have the effect of decreasing reported
earnings).
Possible management bias in the making of accounting estimates.

17
SSA 540 addresses possible management bias in making accounting estimates. Indicators
of possible management bias do not constitute misstatements for purposes of drawing
conclusions on the reasonableness of individual accounting estimates. They may, however,
affect the auditors evaluation of whether the financial statements as a whole are free from
material misstatement.
Disclosure of the Effect of Material Transactions and Events on the Information

Conveyed in the Financial Statements (Ref: Para. 13(e))
A4.
It is common for financial statements prepared in accordance with a general purpose

framework to present an entitys financial position, financial performance and cash flows. In
such circumstances, the auditor evaluates whether the financial statements provide adequate
disclosures to enable the intended users to understand the effect of material transactions and
events on the entitys financial position, financial performance and cash flows.
Description of the Applicable Financial Reporting Framework (Ref: Para. 15)

A5.
As explained in SSA 200, the preparation of the financial statements by management and,
where appropriate, those charged with governance requires the inclusion of an adequate
18
description of the applicable financial reporting framework in the financial statements. That
description is important because it advises users of the financial statements of the framework
on which the financial statements are based.
A6.
A description that the financial statements are prepared in accordance with a particular
applicable financial reporting framework is appropriate only if the financial statements comply
with all the requirements of that framework that are effective during the period covered by the
financial statements.
A7.
A description of the applicable financial reporting framework that contains imprecise qualifying
or limiting language (for example, the financial statements are in substantial compliance with
Singapore Financial Reporting Standards) is not an adequate description of that framework
as it may mislead users of the financial statements.
Reference to More than One Financial Reporting Framework

A8.
17
18
In some cases, the financial statements may represent that they are prepared in accordance
with two financial reporting frameworks (for example, the national framework and Singapore
Financial Reporting Standards). This may be because management is required, or has
chosen, to prepare the financial statements in accordance with both frameworks, in which
case both are applicable financial reporting frameworks. Such description is appropriate only
if the financial statements comply with each of the frameworks individually. To be regarded as
being prepared in accordance with both frameworks, the financial statements need to comply
with both frameworks simultaneously and without any need for reconciling statements. In
practice, simultaneous compliance is unlikely unless the jurisdiction has adopted the other
framework (for example, Singapore Financial Reporting Standards) as its own national
framework, or has eliminated all barriers to compliance with it.
SSA 540, Auditing Accounting Estimates, Including Fair Value Accounting Estimate, and Related Disclosures, paragraph 21.
SSA 200, paragraphs A2-A3.
15
A9.
Financial statements that are prepared in accordance with one financial reporting framework
and that contain a note or supplementary statement reconciling the results to those that would
be shown under another framework, are not prepared in accordance with that other
framework. This is because the financial statements do not include all the information in the
manner required by that other framework.
A10.
The financial statements may, however, be prepared in accordance with one applicable
financial reporting framework and, in addition, describe in the notes to the financial
statements the extent to which the financial statements comply with another framework (for
example, financial statements prepared in accordance with the national framework that also
describe the extent to which they comply with Singapore Financial Reporting Standards).
Such description is supplementary financial information and, as discussed in paragraph 47
49, is considered an integral part of the financial statements and, accordingly, is covered by
the auditors opinion.
Form of Opinion (Ref: Para. 18-19)

A11.
There may be cases where the financial statements, although prepared in accordance with
the requirements of a fair presentation framework, do not achieve fair presentation. Where
this is the case, it may be possible for management to include additional disclosures in the
financial statements beyond those specifically required by the framework or, in extremely rare
circumstances, to depart from a requirement in the framework in order to achieve fair
presentation of the financial statements.
A12.
It will be extremely rare for the auditor to consider financial statements that are prepared in
accordance with a compliance framework to be misleading if, in accordance with SSA 210,
19
the auditor determined that the framework is acceptable.
Auditors Report (Ref: Para. 20)

A13.
A written report encompasses reports issued in hard copy format and those using an
electronic medium.
A14.
The Appendix contains illustrations of auditors reports on financial statements, incorporating

the elements set forth in paragraphs 21-4245.
Auditors Report for Audits Conducted in Accordance with Singapore Standards on Auditing
Title (Ref: Para. 21)
A15.
A title indicating the report is the report of an independent auditor, for example, Independent
Auditors Report, affirms that the auditor has met all of the relevant ethical requirements
regarding independence and, therefore, distinguishes the independent auditors report from
reports issued by others.
Addressee (Ref: Para. 22)

A16.
Law, or regulation often specifies or the terms of the engagement may specify to whom the
auditors report is to be addressed in that particular jurisdiction. The auditors report is
normally addressed to those for whom the report is prepared, often either to the shareholders
or to those charged with governance of the entity whose financial statements are being
audited.
Auditors Opinion (Ref: Para. 2335-2737)
19
SSA 210, Agreeing the Terms of Audit Engagements, paragraph 6(a).
16
Placement of the opinion section

A17.
The placement of the Opinion section at the beginning of the auditors report (as illustrated in
the Appendix) makes it more prominent to users of the financial statements.
Present fairly, in all material respects or give a true and fair view
A18.
The phrases present fairly, in all material respects, and give a true and fair view are
regarded as being equivalent. Whether the phrase present fairly, in all material respects, or
the phrase give a true and fair view is used in any particular jurisdiction is determined by the
law or regulation governing the audit of financial statements in that jurisdiction, or by generally
accepted practice in that jurisdiction. Where law or regulation requires the use of different
wording, this does not affect the requirement in paragraph 14 of this SSA for the auditor to
evaluate the fair presentation of financial statements prepared in accordance with a fair
presentation framework. [Moved from para. A28 of extant]
A19.
When the auditor expresses an unmodified opinion, it is not appropriate to use phrases such
as with the foregoing explanation or subject to in relation to the opinion as these suggest a
conditional opinion or a weakening or modification of opinion.
Description of information that the financial statements and the matters they present
A20.
The auditors opinion covers the complete set of financial statements as defined by the
applicable financial reporting framework. For example, in the case of many general purpose
frameworks, the financial statements include: a balance sheet, an income statement, a
statement of changes in equity, a cash flow statement, and related notes, which ordinarily
comprise a summary of significant accounting policies and other explanatory information. In
some jurisdictions additional information might also be considered to be an integral part of the
financial statements. [Revised para. A19 of extant]
A21.
In the case of financial statements prepared in accordance with a fair presentation framework,
the auditors opinion states that the financial statements present fairly, in all material respects,
or give a true and fair view of, the information matters that the financial statements are
designed to present,. fFor example, in the case of many general purpose frameworks,
financial statements prepared in accordance with Singapore Financial Reporting Standards,
these matters are the financial position of the entity as at the end of the period and the entitys
financial performance and cash flows for the period then ended. [Moved from para. A29 of
extant]
Description of the applicable financial reporting framework and how it may affect the auditors opinion
A22.
The identification of the applicable financial reporting framework in the auditors opinion is
intended to advise users of the auditors report of the context in which the auditors opinion is
expressed; it is not intended to limit the evaluation required in paragraph 14. The applicable
financial reporting framework is identified in such terms as:
in accordance with Singapore Financial Reporting Standards or
in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in Jurisdiction X [Moved
from para. A30 of extant]
A23.
20
When the applicable financial reporting framework encompasses financial reporting standards
and legal or regulatory requirements, the framework is identified in such terms as in
accordance with Singapore Financial Reporting Standards and the requirements of Singapore
Companies ActJurisdiction X Corporations Act. SSA 210 deals with circumstances where
there are conflicts between the financial reporting standards and the legislative or regulatory
20
requirements. [Moved from para. A31 of extant]
17
A24.
A25.
As indicated in paragraph A8, the financial statements may be prepared in accordance with
two financial reporting frameworks, which are therefore both applicable financial reporting
frameworks. Accordingly, each framework is considered separately when forming the
auditors opinion on the financial statements, and the auditors opinion in accordance with
paragraphs 35-3624-25 refers to both frameworks as follows:
(a)
If the financial statements comply with each of the frameworks individually, two opinions
are expressed: that is, that the financial statements are prepared in accordance with
one of the applicable financial reporting frameworks (for example, Singapore Financial
Reporting Standards) and an opinion that the financial statements are prepared in
accordance with the other applicable financial reporting framework (for example,
International Financial Reporting Standards). These opinions may be expressed
separately or in a single sentence (for example, the financial statements are presented
fairly, in all material respects, in accordance with Singapore Financial Reporting
Standards and International Financial Reporting Standards).
(b)
If the financial statements comply with one of the frameworks but fail to comply with the
other framework, an unmodified opinion can be given that the financial statements are
prepared in accordance with the one framework (for example, the national framework)
but a modified opinion given with regard to the other framework (for example,
Singapore Financial Reporting Standards) in accordance with proposed SSA 705
(Revised). [Moved from para. A32 of extant]
As indicated in paragraph A10, the financial statements may represent compliance with the
applicable financial reporting framework and, in addition, disclose the extent of compliance
with another financial reporting framework. As explained in paragraph A46, sSuch
supplementary information is covered by the auditors opinion ifas it cannot be clearly
differentiated from the financial statements (see paragraphs 49-50 and related application
material in paragraphs A59-A65). Accordingly,
(a)
If the disclosure as to the compliance with the other framework is misleading, a

modified opinion is expressed in accordance with proposed SSA 705 (Revised).
(b)
If the disclosure is not misleading, but the auditor judges it to be of such importance
that it is fundamental to the users understanding of the financial statements, an
Emphasis of Matter paragraph is added in accordance with proposed SSA 706
(Revised), drawing attention to the disclosure. [Moved from para. A33 of extant]
Introductory Paragraph (Ref: Para. 23)Reference to the financial statements that have been audited
A26.
The introductory paragraph auditors report states, for example, that the auditor has audited
the accompanying financial statements of the entity, which comprise [state the title of each
financial statement comprising the complete set of financial statements required by the
applicable financial reporting framework, specifying the date or period covered by each
financial statement] and the notes to the financial statements, including a summary of
significant accounting policies and other explanatory information. [Moved from para. A17 of
extant]
A27.
When the auditor is aware that the audited financial statements will be included in a document
that contains other information, such as an annual report, the auditor may consider, if the form
of presentation allows, identifying the page numbers on which the audited financial
statements are presented. This helps users to identify the financial statements to which the
auditors report relates. [Moved from para. A18 of extant]
Basis for Opinion (Ref: Para. 28)

A28.
The reference to the standards used conveys to the users of the auditors report that the audit
has been conducted in accordance with established standards. [Moved from para. A25 of
extant]
18
A29.
In accordance with SSA 200, indicates that the auditor does shall not represent compliance
with SSAs in the auditors report unless the auditor has complied with the requirements of
SSA 200 and all other SSAs relevant to the audit. This includes complying with relevant
ethical requirements, including those pertaining to independence, relating to financial
21
statement audit engagements. Although independence requirements in a group audit
22
situation may be complex, SSA 600 establishes requirements for auditors in performing
work on the financial information of a component for a group audit, including those situations
where the component auditor does not meet the independence requirements that are relevant
to the group audit. However, the SSAs do not establish specific independence or ethical
requirements for auditors, or component auditors, and thus do not extend, or otherwise
override the independence requirements of the Accounting and Corporate Regulatory
Authority (ACRA) Code of Professional Conduct and Ethics for Public Accountants and
Accounting Entities (ACRA Code) or other ethical requirements to which the group
engagement team is subject, nor do the SSAs require that the component auditor in all cases
be subject to the same specific independence rules applicable to the group engagement
team. [Moved from para. A26 of extant]
Key Audit Matters (Ref: Para. 30)

A30.
SSA 210 requires the auditor to agree the terms of the audit engagement with management
and those charged with governance, as appropriate, and notes that the roles of management
and those charged with governance in agreeing the terms of the audit engagement for the
23
entity depend on the governance arrangements of the entity and relevant law or regulation.
When agreeing the terms of engagement, if the auditor of an entity other than a listed entity
intends to communicate key audit matters in the auditors report, SSA 210 requires the auditor
to acknowledge this in the terms of the audit engagement in order to inform management and
24
those charged with governance of the auditors intent.
Considerations specific to public sector entities

A31.
Public sector entities may be significant due to size, complexity, or public interest aspects and
may have a wide range of stakeholders. In such cases, an auditor of such an entity may be
required by law or regulation, or otherwise intend to communicate key audit matters in the
auditors report.
Managements Responsibilityies for the Financial Statements (Ref: Para. 26 32-34)

A32.
SSA 200 explains the premise, relating to the responsibilities of management and, where
appropriate, those charged with governance, on which an audit in accordance with SSAs is
25
conducted. Management and, where appropriate, those charged with governance accept
responsibility for the preparation of the financial statements in accordance with the applicable
financial reporting framework, including where relevant their fair presentation. Management
also accepts responsibility for such internal control as it determines is necessary to enable the
preparation of financial statements that are free from material misstatement, whether due to
fraud or error. The description of managements responsibilities in the auditors report
includes reference to both responsibilities as it helps to explain to users the premise on which
an audit is conducted. Proposed SSA 260 (Revised) uses the term those charged with
governance to describe the person(s) or organization(s) with responsibility for overseeing the
entity, and provides a discussion about the diversity of governance structures across
jurisdictions and by entity. [Moved from para. A20 of extant]
A33.
There may be circumstances when it is appropriate for the auditor to add to the descriptions
of managements responsibility in paragraph 26 the responsibilities of management and those
charged with governance in paragraph 33 to reflect additional responsibilities that are relevant
to the preparation of the financial statements in the context of the particular jurisdiction or the
21
SSA 200, paragraphs 14 and 20.

SSA 600, paragraphs 19-20.
23
SSA 210, Agreeing the Terms of Audit Engagements, paragraphs 9 and A21
24
SSA 210, paragraphs 10(e) and A23a
25
SSA 200, paragraph 13(j).
22
19
nature of the entity. [Moved from para. A21 of extant]

A34.
Paragraph 3326 is consistent with the form in which the responsibilities are agreed in the
26
engagement letter or other suitable form of written agreement, as required by SSA 210.
+
SSA 210 provides some flexibility by explaining that, if law or regulation prescribes the
responsibilities of management and, where appropriate, those charged with governance in
relation to financial reporting, the auditor may determine that the law or regulation includes
responsibilities that, in the auditors judgment, are equivalent in effect to those set out in SSA
210. For such responsibilities that are equivalent, the auditor may use the wording of the law
or regulation to describe them in the engagement letter or other suitable form of written
agreement. In such cases, this wording may also be used in the auditors report to describe
managements the responsibilities as required by paragraph 3326. In other circumstances,
including where the auditor decides not to use the wording of law or regulation as
incorporated in the engagement letter; the wording of paragraph 3326 is used. Where not
prohibited, the auditor may elect to refer to a more detailed description of these
responsibilities by including a reference to where such information may be obtained (for
example, in the annual report of the entity or a website of an appropriate authority). [Moved
+
Singapore law prescribes that management is responsible for the preparation of financial
statements that give a true and fair view in accordance with the provisions of the Singapore
Companies Act, Chapter 50 and Singapore Financial Reporting Standards.*
This responsibility includes:
Devising and maintaining a system of internal accounting controls sufficient to provide a
reasonable assurance that assets are safeguarded against loss from unauthorised use or
disposition; and transactions are properly authorised and that they are recorded as necessary
to permit the preparation of true and fair profit and loss accounts and balance sheets and to
maintain accountability of assets.**
A35.
Or in the case of an entity other than a company, in accordance with the applicable
legal and financial reporting standards.
**
The sub-paragraph is applicable to public companies and their subsidiaries: see

Section 199(2A) of the Singapore Companies Act, Chapter 50.
In some jurisdictions, law or regulation prescribing managements responsibilities may

specifically refer to a responsibility for the adequacy of accounting books and records, or
accounting system. As books, records and systems are an integral part of internal control (as
27
defined in Proposed SSA 315 (Revised) ), the descriptions in SSA 210 and in paragraph
3326 do not make specific reference to them. [Moved from para. A23 of extant]
Auditors Responsibilityies for the Audit of the Financial Statements (Ref: Para. 29-30 35-40)
A36.
The auditors report states that the auditors responsibility is to express an opinion on the
financial statements based on the audit in order explains that the objective of an audit is to
obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements as a whole are free from
material misstatement to contrast it to managements responsibility for the preparation of the
financial statements. [Moved from para. A24 of extant]
Relocation of the description of the auditors responsibilities for the audit of the financial statements
(Ref: Para. 39-40)
A37.
26
27
The description of the auditors responsibilities as required by paragraphs 37(b) and (c) of this
SSA may be tailored to reflect the specific nature of the entity (for example, when the
SSA 210, paragraph 6(b)(i)-(ii).

SSA 315, Identifying and Assessing the Risks of Material Misstatement through Understanding the Entity and Its
Environment, paragraph 4(c)
20
auditors report addresses consolidated financial statements).

A38
Relocating certain information to an Appendix to the auditors report, or a website of an

appropriate authority, may be a useful way of streamlining the content of the auditors report.
However, because the description of the auditors responsibilities contains information that is
necessary to inform users expectations of an audit conducted in accordance with SSAs,
reference is to be made to where such information can be accessed.
A39.
For example, paragraph 39 permits the auditor to relocate the statements required by
paragraphs 37-38 describing the auditors responsibilities for the audit of the financial
statements to an Appendix to the auditors report, provided that appropriate reference is made
within the body of the auditors report to the location of the Appendix. The following is an
illustration of how such a reference to an Appendix could be made in the auditors report:
Auditors Responsibilities for the Audit of the Financial Statements
The objectives of our audit are to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the
financial statements as a whole are free from material misstatement, whether due to fraud
or error, and to issue an auditors report that includes our opinion. Reasonable assurance
is a high level of assurance, but is not a guarantee that an audit conducted in accordance
with SSAs will always detect a material misstatement when it exists. Misstatements can
arise from fraud or error and are considered material if, individually or in the aggregate,
they could reasonably be expected to influence the economic decisions of users taken on
the basis of these financial statements.
A further discussion of our responsibilities for the audit of the financial statements is
included in Appendix X of this auditors report, which is located at [indicate page number
or other reference to location].
A40.
The auditor may only refer to the description of the auditors responsibilities located on a
website of an appropriate authority if the requirements of paragraph 40 are met. The
information included on the website may describe the auditors work or the audit process in
accordance with SSAs more broadly, but cannot be inconsistent with the description required
by paragraphs 37-38 of this SSA.
A41.
An appropriate authority could be a national auditing standard setter, regulator, or an audit

oversight body. Such organizations are well-placed to ensure the accuracy, completeness
and continued availability of the standardized information. It would not be appropriate for the
auditor to maintain such a website. The following is an illustration of how such a reference to
a website could be made in the auditors report:
The objectives of our audit are to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the
financial statements as a whole are free from material misstatement, whether due to fraud
or error, and to issue an auditors report that includes our opinion. Reasonable assurance
is a high level of assurance, but is not a guarantee that an audit conducted in accordance
with SSAs will always detect a material misstatement when it exists. Misstatements can
arise from fraud or error and are considered material if, individually or in the aggregate,
they could reasonably be expected to influence the economic decisions of users taken on
the basis of these financial statements.
A further description of our responsibilities for the audit of the financial statements that is
part of this auditors report is located [Organizations] website at: [website link].
Other Reporting Responsibilities (Ref: Para. 38-39 41)

A42.
In some jurisdictions, the auditor may have additional responsibilities to report on other
matters that are supplementary to the auditors responsibility responsibilities under the SSAs
to report on the financial statements. For example, the auditor may be asked to report certain
21
matters if they come to the auditors attention during the course of the audit of the financial
statements. Alternatively, the auditor may be asked to perform and report on additional
specified procedures, or to express an opinion on specific matters, such as the adequacy of
accounting books and records, internal control over financial reporting or other information.
Auditing standards in the specific jurisdiction often provide guidance on the auditors
responsibilities with respect to specific additional reporting responsibilities in that jurisdiction.
[Moved from para. A34 of extant]
A43.
In some cases, the relevant law or regulation may require or permit the auditor to report on
these other responsibilities within the auditors report on the financial statements. In other
cases, the auditor may be required or permitted to report on them in a separate report.
A44.
These Distinguishing other reporting responsibilities are addressed in a separate section of

the auditors report in order to clearly distinguish them from the auditors responsibility
responsibilities under the SSAs to report on the financial statements. Where relevant, this
section may be done in different ways, for example:
By including a separate section in the auditors report with a contain sub-heading(s)

that describe(s) Report on Other Legal and Regulatory Requirements,. oOr
otherwise as appropriate to the content of the section. In such cases, the auditor may
consider it necessary to include a heading Report on the Audit of the Financial
Statements.
In the same section where reporting on the matter in accordance with SSAs is
presented, with wording in the auditors report that clearly distinguishes between
reporting required by the SSAs and other reporting responsibility paragraph(s)
required by law or regulation. [Moved from para. A36 of extant]
Name of the Engagement Partner (Ref: Para. 42)

A45.
Law or regulation may require that the name of the engagement partner responsible for audits
of financial statements of entities other than listed entities be included in the auditors report.
Signature of the Auditor (Ref: Para. 4043)

A46.
The auditors signature is either in the name of the audit firm, the personal name of the
auditor or both, as appropriate for the particular jurisdiction. In addition to the auditors
signature, in certain jurisdictions, the auditor may be required to declare in the auditors report
the auditors professional accountancy designation or the fact that the auditor or firm, as
appropriate, has been recognized by the appropriate licensing authority in that jurisdiction.
A47.
In some cases, law or regulation may allow for the use of electronic signatures in the auditors
report.
Date of the Auditors Report (Ref: Para. 41 45)

A48.
The date of the auditors report informs the user of the auditors report that the auditor has
considered the effect of events and transactions of which the auditor became aware and that
occurred up to that date. The auditors responsibility for events and transactions after the date
28
of the auditors report is addressed in SSA 560. [Moved from para. A38 of extant]
A49.
Since the auditors opinion is provided on the financial statements and the financial
statements are the responsibility of management, the auditor is not in a position to conclude
that sufficient appropriate audit evidence has been obtained until evidence is obtained that all
the statements that comprise the financial statements, including the related notes, have been
prepared and management has accepted responsibility for them. [Moved from para. A39 of
28
SSA 560, Subsequent Events, paragraphs 10-17
22
extant]
A50.
In some jurisdictions, the law or regulation identifies the individuals or bodies (for example,
the directors) that are responsible for concluding that all the statements that comprise the
financial statements, including the related notes, have been prepared, and specifies the
necessary approval process. In such cases, evidence is obtained of that approval before
dating the report on the financial statements. In other jurisdictions, however, the approval
process is not prescribed in law or regulation. In such cases, the procedures the entity follows
in preparing and finalizing its financial statements in view of its management and governance
structures are considered in order to identify the individuals or body with the authority to
conclude that all the statements that comprise the financial statements, including the related
notes, have been prepared. In some cases, law or regulation identifies the point in the
financial statement reporting process at which the audit is expected to be complete. [Moved
A51.
In some jurisdictions, final approval of the financial statements by shareholders is required

before the financial statements are issued publicly. In these jurisdictions, final approval by
shareholders is not necessary for the auditor to conclude that sufficient appropriate audit
evidence has been obtained. The date of approval of the financial statements for purposes of
SSAs is the earlier date on which those with the recognized authority determine that all the
statements that comprise the financial statements, including the related notes, have been
prepared and that those with the recognized authority have asserted that they have taken
responsibility for them. [Moved from para. A41 of extant]
Auditors Report Prescribed by Law or Regulation (Ref: Para. 43 46)

A52.
SSA 200 explains that the auditor may be required to comply with legal or regulatory
29
requirements in addition to SSAs. Where this is the case, the auditor may be obliged to use
a layout or wording in the auditors report that differs from that described in paragraphs 20-45
of this SSA. As explained in paragraph 4, consistency in the auditors report, when the audit
has been conducted in accordance with SSAs, promotes credibility in the global marketplace
by making more readily identifiable those audits that have been conducted in accordance with
globally recognized standards. When the differences between the legal or regulatory
requirements and SSAs relate only to the layout and wording of the auditors report and, at a
minimum, each of the elements identified in paragraph 4346(a)-(in) are included in the
auditors report, the auditors report may refer to Singapore Standards on Auditing.
Accordingly, in such circumstances the auditor is considered to have complied with the
requirements of SSAs, even when the layout and wording used in the auditors report are
specified by legal or regulatory reporting requirements. Where specific requirements in a
particular jurisdiction do not conflict with SSAs, adoption of the layout and wording, including
the use of the titles of section headings, used in this SSA assists users of the auditors report
in more readily to recognize recognizing the auditors report as a report on of an audit
conducted in accordance with SSAs. (SSA 210 deals with circumstances where law or
regulation prescribes the layout or wording of the auditors report in terms that are significantly
different from the requirements of SSAs.) [Moved from para. A42 of extant]
A53.
Law or regulation may require the auditor to provide additional information about the audit that
was performed, which may include information that is consistent with the objectives of
proposed SSA 701, or may prescribe the nature and extent of communication about such
matters. Alternatively, law or regulation may require those charged with governance (for
example, an entitys Board of Directors or Audit Committee) to issue a report including a
description of certain matters communicated to them by the auditor in connection with their
oversight responsibilities. The auditor may then be required to report by exception when the
report of those charged with governance does not appropriately address matters
communicated by the auditor to those charged with governance, and to remedy such a
deficiency by communicating the matter in the auditors report.
A54.
The SSAs do not override law or regulation that governs and audit of financial statements.
29
SSA 200, paragraph A55.
23
When proposed SSA 701 is applicable, reference can only be made to SSAs in the auditors
report if, in applying the law or regulation, the section required by paragraph 46(g) of this SSA
is not inconsistent with the reporting requirements in proposed SSA 701. In such
circumstances, the auditor may need to tailor certain aspects of the communication of key
audit matters in the auditors report required by proposed SSA 701, for example by:
A55.
Modifying the heading Key Audit Matters, if law or regulation prescribes a specific
heading;
Explaining why the information required by law or regulation is being provided in the
auditors report, for example by making a reference to the relevant law or regulation
and describing how that information relates to the key audit matters;
Where applicable, including a cross-reference in the auditors report to a description

of the matter included in the report of those charged with governance; or
Where law or regulation prescribes the nature and extent of the description,
supplementing the prescribed information to achieve an overall description of each
key audit matter that is consistent with the requirement of paragraph 10 of proposed
SSA 701.
SSA 210 deals with circumstances where law or regulation of the relevant jurisdiction
prescribes the layout or wording of the auditors report in terms that are significantly different
from the requirements of SSAs, SSA 210 explains that, in some cases, law or regulation of
the relevant jurisdiction prescribes the wording of the auditors report (which in particular
includes the auditors opinion) in terms that are significantly different from the requirements of
SSAs. In these circumstances, SSA 210 requires the auditor to evaluate:
(a)
Whether users might misunderstand the assurance obtained from the audit of the
financial statements and, if so,
(b)
Whether additional explanation in the auditors report can mitigate possible

misunderstanding.
If the auditor concludes that additional explanation in the auditors report cannot mitigate
possible misunderstanding, SSA 210 requires the auditor not to accept the audit engagement,
unless required by law or regulation to do so. In accordance with SSA 210, an audit
conducted in accordance with such law or regulation does not comply with SSAs. Accordingly,
the auditor does not include any reference in the auditors report to the audit having been
30
conducted in accordance with Singapore Standards on Auditing. [Moved and merged last
sentence of para. A42 of extant with para A27 of extant]
Considerations specific to public sector entities
A56.
Auditors of public sector entities may also have the ability according to law or regulation to
report publicly on certain matters, either in the auditors report or in a supplementary report,
which may include information that is consistent with the objectives of proposed SSA 701. In
such circumstances, the auditor may need to tailor certain aspects of the communication of
key audit matters in the auditors report required by proposed SSA 701 or include a
reference in the auditors report to a description of the matter in the supplementary report.
Auditors Report for Audits Conducted in Accordance with Both Auditing Standards of a Specific
Jurisdiction and Singapore Standards on Auditing (Ref: Para. 44 47)
A57.
30
The auditor may refer in the auditors report to the audit having been conducted in
accordance with both Singapore Standards on Auditing as well as the national auditing
standards when, in addition to complying with the relevant national auditing standards, the
24
auditor complies with each of the SSAs relevant to the audit.

extant]
A58.
31
[Moved from para. A43 of
A reference to both Singapore Standards on Auditing and the national auditing standards is
not appropriate if there is a conflict between the requirements in SSAs and those in the
national auditing standards that would lead the auditor to form a different opinion or not to
include an Emphasis of Matter paragraph that, in the particular circumstances, is required by
SSAs. For example, some national auditing standards prohibit the auditor from including an
Emphasis of Matter paragraph to highlight a going concern problem, whereas SSA 570
requires the auditor to add an Emphasis of Matter paragraph in such circumstances. In such a
case, the auditors report refers only to the auditing standards (either Singapore Standards on
Auditing or the national auditing standards) in accordance with which the auditors report has
been prepared. [Moved from para. A44 of extant]
Supplementary Information Presented with the Financial Statements (Ref: Para.

46-4749-50)
A59.
In some circumstances, the entity may be required by law, regulation or standards, or may
voluntarily choose, to present together with the financial statements supplementary
information that is not required by the applicable financial reporting framework. For example,
supplementary information might be presented to enhance a users understanding of the
applicable financial reporting framework or to provide further explanation of specific financial
statement items. Such information is normally presented in either supplementary schedules or
as additional notes. [Moved from para. A45 of extant]
A60.
Paragraph 49 of this SSA explains that Tthe auditors opinion covers supplementary
information that is an integral part of the financial statements cannot be clearly differentiated
from the financial statements because of its nature and how it is presented. This evaluation is
a matter of professional judgment. For example, this would be the case To illustrate:
When the notes to the financial statements include an explanation or the

reconciliation of the extent to which the financial statements comply with another
financial reporting framework, the auditor may consider this to be supplementary
information that cannot be clearly differentiated from the financial statements. The
auditors opinion would also cover notes or supplementary schedules that are crossreferenced from the financial statements.
When an additional profit and loss account that discloses specific items of
expenditure is disclosed as a separate schedule included as an Appendix to the
financial statements, the auditor may consider this to be supplementary information
that can be clearly differentiated from the financial statements. [Moved from para.
A46 of extant]
A61.
Supplementary information that is covered by the auditors opinion does not need to be
specifically referred to in the introductory paragraph of the auditors report when the reference
to the notes in the description of the statements that comprise the financial statements in the
introductory paragraph auditors report is sufficient. [Moved from para. A47 of extant]
A62.
Law or regulation may not require that the supplementary information be audited, and
management may decide not to ask the auditor to include the supplementary information
within the scope of the audit of the financial statements. [Moved from para. A48 of extant]
A63.
The auditors evaluation whether unaudited supplementary information is presented in a

manner that could be construed as being covered by the auditors opinion includes, for
example, where that information is presented in relation to the financial statements and any
audited supplementary information, and whether it is clearly labeled as unaudited. [Moved
31
SSA 200, paragraph A56.
25
A64.
Management could change the presentation of unaudited supplementary information that

could be construed as being covered by the auditors opinion, for example, by:
Removing any cross references from the financial statements to unaudited

supplementary schedules or unaudited notes so that the demarcation between the
audited and unaudited information is sufficiently clear.
Placing the unaudited supplementary information outside of the financial statements

or, if that is not possible in the circumstances, at a minimum place placing the
unaudited notes together at the end of the required notes to the financial statements
and clearly label labeling them as unaudited. Unaudited notes that are intermingled
with the audited notes can be misinterpreted as being audited. [Moved from para.
A50 of extant]
A65. The fact that supplementary information is unaudited does not relieve the auditor of the
responsibility to read that information to identify material inconsistencies with the audited
financial statements. The auditors responsibilities with respect to unaudited supplementary
information are consistent with those described in proposed SSA 720 (Revised). [Moved from
para. A51 of extant]
Conforming amendments to this paragraph were proposed in the Exposure Draft of proposed SSA 720 (Revised). Feedback
from that consultation would be considered in determining whether this change continues to be appropriate when finalising
both proposed SSA 700 (Revised) and proposed SSA 720 (Revised).
26
Appendix
(Ref: Para. A14)
Illustrations of Independent Auditors Reports on Financial Statements
Illustration 1: An auditors report on financial statements of a listed entity prepared in

accordance with a fair presentation framework designed to meet the common financial
information needs of a wide range of users (for example, Singapore Financial Reporting
Standards).
Illustration 23: An auditors report on consolidated financial statements prepared in

accordance with a fair presentation framework designed to meet the common financial
information needs of a wide range of users (for example, Singapore Financial Reporting
Standards).a listed entity prepared in accordance with a fair presentation framework
Illustration 3: An auditors report on financial statements of an entity other than a listed entity
prepared in accordance with a fair presentation framework (where reference is made to
material that is located on a website of an appropriate authority)
Illustration 42: An auditors report on financial statements of an entity other than a listed entity
prepared in accordance with a general purpose compliance framework designed to meet the
common financial information needs of a wide range of users.
27
Illustration 1 :- Auditors Report on Financial Statements of a Listed Entity Prepared in Accordance

with a Fair Presentation Framework
For purposes of this illustrative auditors report, the following cCircumstances include the followingare
assumed:
Audit of a complete set of financial statements of a listed entity using a fair presentation
framework. The audit is not a group audit conducted in accordance with SSA 600.
The financial statements are prepared for a general purpose by management of the entity in
accordance with Singapore Financial Reporting Standards (FRSs).
The terms of the audit engagement reflect description of managements responsibility for the
financial statements in SSA 210.
The auditor has concluded an unmodified (i.e., clean) opinion is appropriate based on the
audit evidence obtained.
Key audit matters have been communicated in accordance with proposed SSA 701.
No material uncertainties relating to going concern have been identified in accordance with
proposed SSA 570.
In addition to the audit of the financial statements, the auditor has other reporting
responsibilities required under local law.
Paragraph references below are to the relevant requirements in this SSA.

INDEPENDENT AUDITORS REPORT (para. 21)
[To the Shareholders of ABC Company [or Other Appropriate Addressee] (para. 22)
Report on the Audit of the Financial Statements
32
Opinion (paras. 23-27)

In our opinion, the accompanying financial statements are properly drawn up in accordance with the
provisions of the Singapore Companies Act, Chapter 50 (the Act) and Singapore Financial Reporting
Standards (FRSs) so as to give a true and fair view of the state of affairs of ABC Company (the
Company) as at _______(date) and the results, changes in equity and cash flows of the Company for
the year ended on that date.
We have audited the accompanying financial statements of ABC the Company (the Company),
which comprise the statement of financial position as at 31 December 20X1, and the statement of
comprehensive income, statement of changes in equity and statement of cash flows for the year then
ended, and notes to the financial statements, including a summary of significant accounting policies
and other explanatory information.
Basis for Opinion (para. 28)
We conducted our audit in accordance with Singapore Standards on Auditing (SSAs). Our
responsibilities under those standards are further described in the Auditors Responsibilities for the
Audit of the Financial Statements section of our report. We are independent of the Company within
the meaning of the Accounting and Corporate Regulatory Authority (ACRA) Code of Professional
Conduct and Ethics for Public Accountants and Accounting Entities and have fulfilled our other
32
The sub-title Report on the Audit of the Financial Statements is unnecessary in circumstances when the second sub-title
Report on Other Legal and Regulatory Requirements is not applicable.
28
responsibilities under those ethical requirements. We believe that the audit evidence we have
obtained is sufficient and appropriate to provide a basis for our opinion.
Key Audit Matters (para. 30 and paras. 9-11 of proposed SSA 701)
Key audit matters are those matters that, in our professional judgment, were of most significance in
our audit of the financial statements. Key audit matters are selected from the matters communicated
with [those charged with governance], but are not intended to represent all matters that were
discussed with them. Our audit procedures relating to these matters were designed in the context of
our audit of the financial statements as a whole. Our opinion on the financial statements is not
modified with respect to any of the key audit matters described below, and we do not express an
opinion on these individual matters.
The two specific topics and content presented below are purely for illustrative purposes. This section would be tailored to the
facts and circumstances of the individual audit engagement and the entity. Accordingly, the examples have been intentionally
drafted in a manner that illustrates that Key Audit Matters will vary in terms of the number and selection of topics addressed and
the nature in which they may be described, and are intended to be consistent with the disclosures in the entitys financial
statements.
Valuation of Financial Instruments

The Companys disclosures about its structured financial instruments are included in Note 5. The
Companys investments in structured financial instruments represent [x%] of the total amount of its
financial instruments. Because the valuation of the Companys structured financial instruments is not
based on quoted prices in active markets, there is significant measurement uncertainty involved in this
valuation. As a result, the valuation of these instruments was significant to our audit. The Company
has determined it is necessary to use an entity-developed model to value these instruments, due to
their unique structure and terms. We challenged managements rationale for using an entitydeveloped model, and discussed this with [those charged with governance], and we concluded the
use of such a model was appropriate. Our audit procedures also included, among others, testing
managements controls related to the development and calibration of the model and confirming that
management had determined it was not necessary to make any adjustments to the output of the
model to reflect the assumptions that marketplace participants would use in similar circumstances.
Revenue Recognition Relating to Long-Term Contracts
The terms and conditions of the Companys long-term contracts in its [name of segment] affect the
revenue that the Company recognizes in a period, and the revenue from such contracts represents a
material amount of the Companys total revenue. The process to measure the amount of revenue to
recognize in the [name of industry], including the determination of the appropriate timing of
recognition, involves significant management judgment. We identified revenue recognition of longterm contracts as a significant risk requiring special audit consideration. This is because side
agreements may exist that effectively amend the original contracts, and such side agreements may
be inadvertently unrecorded or deliberately concealed and therefore present a risk of material
misstatement due to fraud. In addition to testing the controls the Company has put in place over its
process to enter into and record long-term contracts and other audit procedures, we considered it
necessary to confirm the terms of these contracts directly with customers and testing journal entries
made by management related to revenue recognition. Based on the audit procedures performed, we
did not find evidence of the existence of side agreements. The Companys disclosures about revenue
recognition are included in the summary of significant accounting policies in Note 1, as well as Note 4.
Going Concern (para. 29 and paras. 1925 of proposed SSA 570 (Revised))
The Companys financial statements have been prepared using the going concern basis of
accounting. The use of this basis of accounting is appropriate unless management either intends to
liquidate the Company or to cease operations, or has no realistic alternative but to do so. As part of
our audit of the financial statements, we have concluded that managements use of the going concern
basis of accounting in the preparation of the Companys financial statements is appropriate.
Management has not identified a material uncertainty that may cast significant doubt on the entitys
ability to continue as a going concern, and accordingly none is disclosed in the financial statements.
29
Based on our audit of the financial statements, we also have not identified such a material uncertainty.
However, neither management nor the auditor can guarantee the Companys ability to continue as a
going concern.
Other Information (para. 31)
[The illustrative wording for this section is subject to the finalization of proposed SSA 720
(Revised).The content of this section may include, among other matters: (a) a description of the
auditors responsibilities with respect to other information; (b) identification of the document(s)
available at the date of the auditors report that contain the other information to which the auditors
responsibilities apply; (c) a statement addressing the outcome of the auditors work on the other
information; and (d) a statement that the auditor has not audited or reviewed the other information
and, accordingly, does not express an audit opinion or a review conclusion on it.]
33
Responsibilities of [Managements and Those Charged with Governance or other appropriate

terms] Responsibility for the Financial Statements (paras. 32-34)
Management is responsible for the preparation of financial statements that give a true and fair view in
accordance with the provisions of the Singapore Companies Act, Chapter 50 (the Act) and
Singapore Financial Reporting StandardsFRSs, and for devising and maintaining a system of internal
accounting controls sufficient to provide a reasonable assurance that assets are safeguarded against
loss from unauthorised use or disposition; and transactions are properly authorised and that they are
recorded as necessary to permit the preparation of true and fair profit and loss accounts and balance
sheets and to maintain accountability of assets. [Those charged with governance] are responsible for
overseeing the Companys financial reporting process.
Auditors Responsibilityies for the Audit of the Financial Statements (paras. 35-40)
Our responsibility is to express an opinion on these financial statements based on our audit. We
conducted our audit in accordance with Singapore Standards on Auditing. Those standards require
that we comply with ethical requirements and plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable
assurance about whether the financial statements are free from material misstatement.
An audit involves performing procedures to obtain audit evidence about the amounts and disclosures
in the financial statements. The procedures selected depend on the auditors judgment, including the
assessment of the risks of material misstatement of the financial statements, whether due to fraud or
error. In making those risk assessments, the auditor considers internal control relevant to the entitys
preparation of financial statements that give a true and fair view in order to design audit procedures
that are appropriate in the circumstances, but not for the purpose of expressing an opinion on the
effectiveness of the entitys internal control. An audit also includes evaluating the appropriateness of
accounting policies used and the reasonableness of accounting estimates made by management, as
well as evaluating the overall presentation of the financial statements.
The objectives of our audit are to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements
as a whole are free from material misstatement, whether due to fraud or error, and to issue an
auditors report that includes our opinion. Reasonable assurance is a high level of assurance, but is
not a guarantee that an audit conducted in accordance with SSAs will always detect a material
misstatement when it exists. Misstatements can arise from fraud or error and are considered material
if, individually or in the aggregate, they could reasonably be expected to influence the economic
decisions of users taken on the basis of these financial statements.
The shaded material below can be located in an Appendix to the auditors report (see paragraph 39 of this SSA). When law or
regulation expressly permits, reference can be made to a website of an appropriate authority that contains the description of the
auditors responsibilities, rather than including this material in the auditors report (see paragraph 40 of this SSA).
As part of an audit in accordance with SSAs, we exercise professional judgment and maintain
professional skepticism throughout the planning and performance of the audit. We also:
33
Identify and assess the risks of material misstatement of the financial statements, whether
due to fraud or error, design and perform audit procedures responsive to those risks, and
Or other term that is appropriate in the context of the legal framework in the particular jurisdiction.
30
obtain audit evidence that is sufficient and appropriate to provide a basis for our opinion. The
risk of not detecting a material misstatement resulting from fraud is higher than for one
resulting from error, as fraud may involve collusion, forgery, intentional omissions,
misrepresentations, or the override of internal control.
Obtain an understanding of internal control relevant to the audit in order to design audit
procedures that are appropriate in the circumstances, but not for the purpose of expressing
34
Evaluate the appropriateness of accounting policies used and the reasonableness of

accounting estimates and related disclosures made by management.
Evaluate the overall presentation, structure and content of the financial statements, including
the disclosures, and whether the financial statements represent the underlying transactions
and event in a manner that achieves fair presentation.
We are required to communicate with [those charged with governance] regarding, among other
matters, the planned scope and timing of the audit and significant audit findings, including any
significant deficiencies in internal control that we identify during our audit.
We are also required to provide [those charged with governance] with a statement that we have
complied with relevant ethical requirements regarding independence, and to communicate with them
all relationships and other matters that may reasonably be thought to bear on our independence, and
where applicable, related safeguards.
Report on Other Legal and Regulatory Requirements (para. 41)
In our opinion, the accounting and other records required by the Act to be kept by the Company have
been properly kept in accordance with the provisions of the Act.
[The fForm and content of this section of the auditors report will would vary depending on the nature
of the auditors other reporting responsibilities prescribed by local law or regulation.]
The engagement partner responsible for the audit resulting in this independent auditors report is
[name]. (para. 42)
__________________________ (Firm) (para. 43)

Public Accountants and
Chartered Accountants
Singapore (para. 44)
______________________ (Date) (para. 45)
34
This sentence would be modified, as appropriate, in circumstances when the auditor also has a responsibility to issue an
opinion on the effectiveness of internal control in conjunction with the audit of the financial statements.
31
Illustration 2 3:- Auditors Report for Consolidated Financial Statements of a Listed Entity Prepared in
Accordance with a Fair Presentation Framework
For purposes of this illustrative auditors report, the following cCircumstances include the followingare
assumed:
Audit of a complete set of consolidated financial statements of a listed entity prepared for a
general purpose by management of the parent in accordance with Singapore Financial
Reporting Standardsusing a fair presentation framework. The audit is a group audit of an
entity with subsidiaries conducted in accordance with SSA 600..
The consolidated financial statements are prepared for a general purpose by management of
the entity in accordance with FRSs.
The terms of the group audit engagement reflect the description of managements
responsibility for the consolidated financial statements in SSA 210.
Key audit matters have been communicated in accordance with SSA 701.
No material uncertainties relating to events or conditions that may cast significant doubt on
the entitys ability to continue as a going concern has been identified in accordance with
proposed SSA 570 (Revised).
In addition to the audit of the consolidatedgroup financial statements, the auditor has other
reporting responsibilities required under local law.
INDEPENDENT AUDITORS REPORT

T[o the Shareholders of ABC Company [or Other Appropriate Addressee]
Report on the Audit of the Consolidated Financial Statements
35
Opinion
In our opinion, the accompanying consolidated financial statements of the ABC Company (the
Company) and its subsidiaries (the Group) and the statement of financial position of the Company are
properly drawn up in accordance with the provisions of the Singapore Companies Act, Chapter 50
(the Act) and Singapore Financial Reporting Standards (FRSs) so as to give a true and fair view of the
state of affairs of the Group and of the Company as at ____________ (date) and the results, changes
in equity and cash flows of the Group for the year ended on that date.
We have audited the accompanying consolidated financial statements of ABC Company (the
Company) and its subsidiaries (the Group), which comprise the consolidated statement of financial
position of the Group and the statement of financial position of the Company as at 31 December
20X1, and the consolidated statement of comprehensive income, consolidated statement of changes
in equity and consolidated statement of cash flows of the Group for the year then ended, and notes to
the consolidated financial statements, including a summary of significant accounting policies and
other explanatory information.
Basis for Opinion
35
The sub-title Report on the Audit of the Consolidated Financial Statements is unnecessary in circumstances when the
second sub-title Report on Other Legal and Regulatory Requirements is not applicable.
32
Audit of the Consolidated Financial Statements section of our report. We are independent of the
Group within the meaning of the Accounting and Corporate Regulatory Authority (ACRA) Code of
Professional Conduct and Ethics for Public Accountants and Accounting Entities and have fulfilled our
other responsibilities under those ethical requirements. We believe that the audit evidence we have
Key Audit Matters
Key audit matters are those matters that, in our professional judgment, were of most significance in
our audit of the consolidated financial statements. Key audit matters are selected from the matters
communicated with [those charged with governance], but are not intended to represent all matters
that were discussed with them. Our audit procedures relating to these matters were designed in the
context of our audit of the consolidated financial statements as a whole. Our opinion on the
consolidated financial statements is not modified with respect to any of the key audit matters
described below, and we do not express an opinion on these individual matters.
The four specific topics and content presented below are purely for illustrative purposes. This section would be tailored to the
facts and circumstances of the individual audit engagement and the entity. Accordingly, the examples have been intentionally
drafted in a manner that illustrates that Key Audit Matters will vary in terms of the number and selection of topics addressed and
the nature in which they may be described, and are intended to be consistent with the disclosures in the entitys consolidated
financial statements
Goodwill
Under FRSs, the Group is required to annually test the amount of goodwill for impairment. This annual
impairment test was significant to our audit because the assessment process is complex and highly
judgmental and is based on assumptions that are affected by expected future market or economic
conditions, particularly those in [Countries X and Y]. As a result, our audit procedures included,
among others, using a valuation expert to assist us in evaluating the assumptions and methodologies
used by the Group, in particular those relating to the forecasted revenue growth and profit margins for
[name of business lines]. We also focused on the adequacy of the Groups disclosures about those
assumptions to which the outcome of the impairment test is most sensitive, that is, those that have
the most significant effect on the determination of the recoverable amount of goodwill. The Groups
disclosures about goodwill are included in Note 3, which specifically explains that small changes in
the key assumptions used could give rise to an impairment of the goodwill balance in the future.
Valuation of Financial Instruments
The Groups disclosures about its structured financial instruments are included in Note 5. The Groups
Investments in structured financial instruments represent [x%] of the total amount of its financial
instruments. Because the valuation of the Groups structured financial instruments is not based on
quoted prices in active markets, there is significant measurement uncertainty involved in this
valuation. As a result, the valuation of these instruments was significant to our audit. The Group has
determined it is necessary to use an entity-developed model to value these instruments, due to their
unique structure and terms. We challenged managements rationale for using an entity-developed
model, and discussed this with [those charged with governance], and we concluded the use of such a
model was appropriate. Our audit procedures also included, among others, testing managements
controls related to the development and calibration of the model and confirming that management had
determined it was not necessary to make any adjustments to the output of the model to reflect the
assumptions that marketplace participants would use in similar circumstances.
Acquisition of XYZ Business
As described in Note 2, in December 20X1, the Group completed the acquisition of XYZ Business.
XYZ Business was a division of a large private company. As of 31 December 20X1, the Group has
completed the initial acquisition accounting on a preliminary basis. The Group will finalize the initial
acquisition accounting during 20X2, and the amounts recorded as of 31 December 20X1 could
change. We focused on this transaction because it is material to the consolidated financial statements
33
as a whole and the fact that values had not previously been assigned to the division as a standalone
operation. In addition, determining the assumptions that underlie the initial acquisition accounting and
the useful lives associated with the acquired intangible assets involves significant management
judgment given the nature of the [name of industry].
Revenue Recognition Relating to Long-Term Contracts
The terms and conditions of the Groups long-term contracts in its [name of segment] affect the
revenue that the Group recognizes in a period, and the revenue from such contracts represents a
material amount of the Groups total revenue. The process to measure the amount of revenue to
recognize in the [name of industry], including the determination of the appropriate timing of
recognition, involves significant management judgment. We identified revenue recognition of longterm contracts as a significant risk requiring special audit consideration. This is because side
agreements may exist that effectively amend the original contracts, and such side agreements may
be inadvertently unrecorded or deliberately concealed and therefore present a risk of material
misstatement due to fraud. In addition to testing the controls the Group has put in place over its
process to enter into and record long-term contracts and other audit procedures, we considered it
necessary to confirm the terms of these contracts directly with customers and testing journal entries
made by management related to revenue recognition. Based on the audit procedures performed, we
did not find evidence of the existence of side agreements. The Groups disclosures about revenue
recognition are included in the summary of significant accounting policies in Note 1, as well as Note 4.
Going Concern
The consolidated financial statements of the Group have been prepared using the going concern
basis of accounting. The use of this basis of accounting is appropriate unless management either
intends to liquidate the Group or to cease operations, or has no realistic alternative but to do so. As
part of our audit of the consolidated financial statements, we have concluded that managements use
of the going concern basis of accounting in the preparation of the Groups consolidated financial
statements is appropriate. Management has not identified a material uncertainty that may cast
significant doubt on the Groups ability to continue as a going concern, and accordingly none is
disclosed in the consolidated financial statements of the Group. Based on our audit of the
consolidated financial statements of the Group, we also have not identified such a material
uncertainty. However, neither management nor the auditor can guarantee the Groups ability to
continue as a going concern.
Other Information
36

terms] Responsibility for the Consolidated Financial Statements
Management is responsible for the preparation of consolidated financial statements that give a true
and fair view in accordance with the provisions of the Singapore Companies Act, Chapter 50 (the
Act) and Singapore Financial Reporting StandardsFRSs, and for devising and maintaining a system
of internal accounting controls sufficient to provide a reasonable assurance that assets are
safeguarded against loss from unauthorised use or disposition; and transactions are properly
authorised and that they are recorded as necessary to permit the preparation of true and fair profit
and loss accounts and balance sheets and to maintain accountability of assets. [Those charged with
governance] are responsible for overseeing the Groups financial reporting process.
36
34
Auditors Responsibilityies for the Audit of the Consolidated Financial Statements

Our responsibility is to express an opinion on these consolidated financial statements based on our
audit. We conducted our audit in accordance with Singapore Standards on Auditing. Those standards
require that we comply with ethical requirements and plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable
assurance about whether the consolidated financial statements are free from material misstatement.
in the consolidated financial statements. The procedures selected depend on the auditors judgment,
including the assessment of the risks of material misstatement of the consolidated financial
statements, whether due to fraud or error. In making those risk assessments, the auditor considers
internal control relevant to the entitys preparation of consolidated financial statements that give a true
and fair view in order to design audit procedures that are appropriate in the circumstances, but not for
the purpose of expressing an opinion on the effectiveness of the entitys internal control.An audit also
includes evaluating the appropriateness of accounting policies used and the reasonableness of
accounting estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overall presentation of the
consolidated financial statements.
We believe that the audit evidence we have obtained is sufficient and appropriate to provide a basis
for our audit opinion.The objectives of our audit are to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the
consolidated financial statements as a whole are free from material misstatement, whether due to
fraud or error, and to issue an auditors report that includes our opinion. Reasonable assurance is a
high level of assurance, but is not a guarantee that an audit conducted in accordance with SSAs will
always detect a material misstatement when it exists. Misstatements can arise from fraud or error and
are considered material if, individually or in the aggregate, they could reasonably be expected to
influence the economic decisions of users taken on the basis of these consolidated financial
statements.
Identify and assess the risks of material misstatement of the consolidated financial
statements, whether due to fraud or error, design and perform audit procedures responsive to
those risks, and obtain audit evidence that is sufficient and appropriate to provide a basis for
our opinion. The risk of not detecting a material misstatement resulting from fraud is higher
than for one resulting from error, as fraud may involve collusion, forgery, intentional
omissions, misrepresentations, or the override of internal control.
37

Evaluate the overall presentation, structure and content of the consolidated financial
statements, including the disclosures, and whether the consolidated financial statements
represent the underlying transactions and events in a manner that achieves fair presentation.
Obtain sufficient appropriate audit evidence regarding the financial information of the entities
and business activities within the Group to express an opinion on the consolidated financial
statements.
37
opinion on the effectiveness of internal control in conjunction with the audit of the consolidated financial statements.
35
We are responsible for the direction, supervision and performance of the group audit. We remain
solely responsible for our audit opinion.
Report on Other Legal and Regulatory Requirements
In our opinion, the accounting and other records required by the Act to be kept by the Company and
by those subsidiaries incorporated in Singapore of which we are the auditors have been properly kept
in accordance with the provisions of the Act.
[The fForm and content of this section of the auditors report will would vary depending on the nature
of the auditors other reporting responsibilities prescribed by local law or regulation.]
The engagement partner responsible for the audit resulting in this independent auditors report is
[name].
__________________________ (Firm)
Singapore
______________________ (Date)
36
Illustration 3 - Auditors Report on Financial Statements of an Entity Other than a Listed Entity
Prepared in Accordance with a Fair Presentation Framework
For purposes of this illustrative auditors report, the following circumstances are assumed:
Audit of a complete set of financial statements of an entity other than a listed entity using a
fair presentation framework. The audit is not a group audit conducted in accordance with SSA
600.
accordance with FRSs.
The terms of the audit engagement reflect the description of managements responsibility for
the financial statements in SSA 210.
No material uncertainties relating to going concern have been identified in accordance with
proposed SSA 570 (Revised).
The auditor is not required, and otherwise has not decided, to include key audit matters in
accordance with proposed SSA 701.
No other information is included with audited financial statements (i.e., proposed SSA 720
(Revised) does not apply).
In addition to the audit of the financial statements, the auditor has other reporting
responsibilities required under local law.
The auditor elects to refer to the description of the auditors responsibility included on a
website of an appropriate authority.

To the Shareholders of ABC Company [or Other Appropriate Addressee]
Opinion
In our opinion, the accompanying financial statements are properly drawn up in accordance with the
provisions of the Singapore Companies Act, Chapter 50 (the Act) and Singapore Financial Reporting
Standards (FRSs) so as to give a true and fair view of the state of affairs of ABC Company (the
Company) as at _______(date) and the results, changes in equity and cash flows of the Company for
the year ended on that date.
We have audited the financial statements of the Company, which comprise the statement of financial
position as at 31 December 20X1, and the statement of comprehensive income, statement of changes
in equity and statement of cash flows for the year then ended, and notes to the financial statements,
including a summary of significant accounting policies.
Basis for Opinion
the meaning of the Accounting and Corporate Regulatory Authority (ACRA) Code of Professional
Conduct and Ethics for Public Accountants and Accounting Entities and have fulfilled our other
responsibilities under those ethical requirements. We believe that the audit evidence we have
37
Going Concern
The Companys financial statements have been prepared using the going concern basis of
accounting. The use of this basis of accounting is appropriate unless management either intends to
liquidate the Company or to cease operations, or has no realistic alternative but to do so. As part of
our audit of the financial statements, we have concluded that managements use of the going concern
basis of accounting in the preparation of the Companys financial statements is appropriate.
Management has not identified a material uncertainty that may cast significant doubt on the entitys
ability to continue as a going concern, and accordingly none is disclosed in the financial statements.
Based on our audit of the financial statements, we also have not identified such a material uncertainty.
However, neither management nor the auditor can guarantee the Companys ability to continue as a
going concern.
38
Responsibilities of [Management and Those Charged with Governance or other appropriate

terms] for the Financial Statements
Management is responsible for the preparation of financial statements that give a true and fair view in
accordance with the provisions of the Act and FRSs, and for devising and maintaining a system of
internal accounting controls sufficient to provide a reasonable assurance that assets are safeguarded
against loss from unauthorised use or disposition; and transactions are properly authorised and that
they are recorded as necessary to permit the preparation of true and fair profit and loss accounts and
balance sheets and to maintain accountability of assets. [Those charged with governance] are
responsible for overseeing the Companys financial reporting process.
A further description of the auditors responsibilities for the audit of the financial statements that is part
of this auditors report is located at [Organizations] website at: [website link].
Report on Other Legal and Regulatory Requirements
In our opinion, the accounting and other records required by the Act to be kept by the Company have
been properly kept in accordance with the provisions of the Act.
[The form and content of this section of the auditors report would vary depending on the nature of the
auditors other reporting responsibilities prescribed by local law or regulation.]
__________________________ (Firm)
Singapore
______________________ (Date)
38
38
Illustration 4 2:- Auditors Report on Financial Statements of an Entity Other than a Listed Entity
Prepared in Accordance with a General Purpose Compliance Framework
For purposes of this illustrative auditors report, the following cCircumstances are assumed include
the following:
Audit of a complete set of financial statements of an entity other than a listed entity required
by law or regulation. The audit is not a group audit conducted in accordance with SSA 600.
accordance with the Financial Reporting Framework (XYZ Law) of Jurisdiction X (that is, a
financial reporting framework, encompassing law or regulation, designed to meet the common
financial information needs of a wide range of users, but which is not a fair presentation
framework).
The terms of the audit engagement reflect the description of managements responsibility for
the financial statements in SSA 210.
No material uncertainty relating to events or conditions that may cast significant doubt on the
entitys ability to continue as a going concern has been identified in accordance with proposed
SSA 570 (Revised).
The auditor is not required, and otherwise has not decided, to include key audit matters in
accordance with proposed SSA 701.

[Appropriate Addressee]
Opinion
In our opinion, the accompanying financial statements of ABC Company (the Company)for the year
ended 31 December 20X1 are prepared, in all material respects, in accordance with XYZ Law of
Jurisdiction X.
We have audited the accompanying financial statements of ABC the Company, which comprise the
balance sheet as at 31 December 20X1, and the income statement, statement of changes in equity
and cash flow statement for the year then ended, and notes to the financial statements, including a
summary of significant accounting policies and other explanatory information.
Basis for Opinion
the meaning of [indicate relevant ethical requirements or applicable law or regulation] and have
fulfilled our other responsibilities under those relevant ethical requirements. We believe that the audit
evidence we have obtained is sufficient and appropriate to provide a basis for our opinion.
Going Concern
[Reporting in accordance with proposed SSA 570 (Revised) see illustration 1]
Other Information
39
39

terms] Responsibility for the Financial Statements
Management is responsible for the preparation and fair presentation of these financial statements in
accordance with XYZ Law of Jurisdiction X, and for such internal control as management determines
is necessary to enable the preparation of financial statements that are free from material
misstatement, whether due to fraud or error. [Those charged with governance] are responsible for
overseeing the Companys financial reporting process.
Auditors Responsibilitiesy for the Audit of the Financial Statements
Our responsibility is to express an opinion on these financial statements based on our audit. We
conducted our audit in accordance with Singapore Standards on Auditing. Those standards require
that we comply with ethical requirements and plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable
assurance about whether the financial statements are free from material misstatement.
in the financial statements. The procedures selected depend on the auditors judgment, including the
assessment of the risks of material misstatement of the financial statements, whether due to fraud or
error. In making those risk assessments, the auditor considers internal control relevant to the entitys
preparation of the financial statements in order to design audit procedures that are appropriate in the
circumstances, but not for the purpose of expressing an opinion on the effectiveness of the entitys
internal control. An audit also includes evaluating the appropriateness of accounting policies used and
the reasonableness of accounting estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the
presentation of the financial statements.
39
Identify and assess the risks of material misstatement of the financial statements, whether
due to fraud or error, design and perform audit procedures responsive to those risks, and
obtain audit evidence that is sufficient and appropriate to provide a basis for our opinion. The
risk of not detecting a material misstatement resulting from fraud is higher than for one
resulting from error, as fraud may involve collusion, forgery, intentional omissions,
misrepresentations, or the override of internal control.
40
40

40
opinion on the effectiveness of internal control in conjunction with the audit of the financial statements.
41
__________________________ (Firm)
Singapore
______________________ (Date)
42

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PROPOSED SINGAPORE

Forming an Opinion and Reporting

PROPOSED SINGAPORE STANDARD ON AUDITING 700

[MARKED FROM EXTANT]

Supplementary Information Presented with the Financial Statements

Application and Other Explanatory Material

Supplementary Information Presented with the Financial Statements

Appendix: Illustrations of Independent Auditors Reports on Financial Statements

The objectives of the auditor are:

To form an opinion on the financial statements based on an evaluation of the

General purpose financial statements Financial statements prepared in accordance

General purpose framework A financial reporting framework designed to meet the

Acknowledges explicitly or implicitly that, to achieve fair presentation of the

Acknowledges explicitly that it may be necessary for management to depart

The term compliance framework is used to refer to a financial reporting framework

The auditors conclusion, in accordance with SSA 450, whether uncorrected

The evaluations required by paragraphs 12-15.

The financial statements adequately disclose the significant accounting policies

The accounting estimates made by management are reasonable;

The information presented in the financial statements is relevant, reliable, comparable

SSA 200, paragraph 11.

If financial statements prepared in accordance with the requirements of a fair presentation

The auditors report shall be in writing. (Ref: Para. A13-A14)

The auditors report shall be addressed as required by appropriate, based on the

When expressing an unmodified opinion on financial statements prepared in accordance with

When expressing an unmodified opinion on financial statements prepared in accordance with

The introductory paragraph in the auditors report shall:

Identify the entity whose financial statements have been audited;

State that the financial statements have been audited;

Basis for Opinion

Key Audit Matters

Responsibilities for the Financial Statements

Auditors Responsibilityies for the Audit of the Financial Statements

The objectives of the audit are to:

Obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements as a

Issue an auditors report that includes an opinion. (Ref: Para. A3635)

Reasonable assurance is a high level of assurance, but is not a guarantee that an

The auditors report shall describe an audit by stating that:

The auditors report shall further: (Ref: Para. A37)

To identify and assess the risks of material misstatement of the financial

To obtain an understanding of internal control relevant to the audit in order to

To evaluate the appropriateness of accounting policies used and the

When the financial statements are prepared in accordance with a fair

To obtain sufficient appropriate audit evidence regarding the financial

To remain solely responsible for the auditors opinion.

The description of the auditors responsibilities required by paragraphs 37-38 shall be

Signature of the Auditor

Date of the Auditors Report

Auditors Report Prescribed by Law or Regulation

An addressee, as required by the circumstances of the engagement.

An opinion paragraph An Opinion section containing an expression of opinion on the

Board Financial Reporting Standardsnational public sector accounting standards, see

An introductory paragraph that identifies identification of the entitys financial

A description of the responsibilitiesy of management (or other appropriate term, see

A description of the auditors responsibility to express an opinion on the financial

A reference to Singapore Standards on Auditing and the law or regulation; and A a

The auditors signature.

The auditors address.

The date of the auditors report.

Proposed SSA 701, paragraph 9-11.