INTERDEPENDENCE IN THE ECOSYSTEM
Some conditions which disturb the food cycle
and oxygen-carbon-dioxide in the pond
community:
1.More garbage , more carbon dioxide be
given off into the air.
The plants will not be able to use all the carbon
dioxide. It will stay in the water kill the animals
in it.
2.Catching the small fish
---- there will be no food for the
other type of consumers in the
pond community.
Plants and animals depend on one another in
the ecosystem.
Human Activities That Disrupt the Food/ Gas
Cycle in the Ecosystem:
1.Cutting down trees indiscriminately
2.. Kaingin Farming
--- Slash and burn type of Farming
* Forest are converted to farmland.
3. Improper waste disposal pollute both the land
and aquatic ecosystems.
Pollution --- contamination of water, land and air
takes place every day
Biodegradable Waste ---- can be decomposed by
bacteria and return to
soil.
Non- biodegradable Waste
---- They do not decay. They will
accumulate in the environment.
4. Farmers use chemicals to control pests in order
to produce more food
Crops --- it will the entire population of goo
insects.
5.Destruction of Coral Reefs
---- It is very important because it serve as the
breeding ground of many fish
Muro-ami Fishing
---- divers hit the corals with stones and
metal bars to flush out the fishes.
Dynamite Fishing ---- An illegal way of catching
fish
6.Coal Combustion ---- It produce more carbon
dioxide in the air.
Sulfur Dioxide ---- by product of burning
----- it will chemically combine
the
water in the air and produce
acid rain.
7.The use of Products Containing CFCs
(CHLOROFLUOROCARBONS)
------ It contributes to the depletion of the
OZONE LAYER
Stratosphere --- layer in the atmosphere that
contains the ozone layer
Ozone Layer ---- It blocks or shields Earth against
the harmful radiation from the sun called
ULTRA VIOLET RAYS
Products w ith CFCs: aerosols , refrigerator freons,
hairspray
IMPORTANCE OF FOREST
Forest ---- it plays a vital role in the balance
of
nature.
--- It is called Lungs of the Earth
because they remove carbon
dioxide
from the atmosphere and produce
oxygen.
Importance of Forest
a. It provides people and other living things
with products they need to live.
Ex. Paper, charcoal, wood,
b. It helps remove carbon dioxide in the air
c. It stores nutrients and provide homes for
the
different plants and animals.
d. It helps moderate the climate
e. It limits soil erosions.
f. It helps in the transportation of surface
water
to ground water by creating tiny holes in
the
ground.
g. It protects the fresh water supply.
Underground water creates springs
which
provide the water for rivers and lakes.
h.It aids in the water cycle
EFFECTS OF DEFORESTATION
Deforestation
---- the process of clearing forests of
trees and other plants that
endangers the environment.
1.Decreases water supply
2. Soil erosion
3. The topsoil will be washed away
The nutrients in the soil will be lost
and
plants will not grow will.
4.Animals go hungry and homeless, and die
Endangered animals ---- danger of
becoming
extinct.
5.Loss of useful Plants
--- plants which are sources
of chemicals or ingredients for
medicines may be lost
6.Flood
* Trees shield land from strong typhoon
winds and water that prevent the occurrence
of flash floods.
7.Greenhouse Effect
* Plants use carbon dioxide to produce
food. If trees are cut, more carbon dioxide
goes into the atmosphere.
Carbon dioxide traps heat, and cannot escape
into space, thus the temperature of the
environment increases.
PRESERVING AND PROTECTING THE FOREST
AND THE ENVIRONMENT
Ways of protecting our Forest:
1.Logging Regulations
*Loggers are not allowed to cut trees near
watersheds
*Only matured trees are to be cut.
2.Reforestation
* People join tree-planting projects to
reforest denuded mountains
*Fast growing trees are being planted to
cover denuded areas
3.Bird and animal sanctuaries
*People are prohibited from disturbing
bird and animal sanctuaries
Sanctuary ---- is an area where birds or
animals can live freely
without the
danger of being shot or
hunted
4.Hunting Regulations
---- government passed laws
declaring Closed and Open Hunting
Season.
Communities Can Help in the Environmental
Conservation
1.Engaging in the reforestation Activities
2.Organizing solid waste disposal campaign
in
school and in the community.
3. Participating in habitat restoration or
rehabilitation activities.
4.Participating in anti-air pollution campaign.
5. Supporting the environmental
conservation
programs of the government
6.Proper use of land.
Improving Food Production
1.Contour Farming
---- makes furrows follow the contour of the
land to lessen erosion by running water
2.Riprap
--- This is done by building on a
slope a
sustaining wall of stones held
together by mud of cement.
3.Farm Ponds ----- During rainy seasons a
large
basin or depression is
created
in every field to hold
rainwater
4.Green Manuring
---- After a crop is harvested, a cover
crop is grown. Then the cover crop
is plowed under the soil.
The decaying plant materials
ncrease the humus in the soil.
5.Crop Rotation
----- One crop is grown in one planting season
and a different crop in the next
season.
6.Terracing ----Slopes are carved like wide
steps
of stairs to lessen water
runoff
POPULATION
Population ---- the total number of organisms of the
same kind inhibiting a certain place.
NSO (National Statistics Office) ---- records the
changes in population and
predicts trends in population growth.
Demographic Studies ---- Statistics of human
population with reference to density,
size, distribution and other vital data.
Factors affecting Population Changes:
1.Birthrate ----- is the number of babies born at a
particular unit of time.
2.Deathrate ---- is a measure of the number of persons
who die at a particular unit of time.
The population INCREASES when the
BIRTHRATE is greater than the DEATHRATE.
3.Migration ----- pertains to the flow of movement of
people into and out of a given community.
2 kinds of Migration:
a.Emigration ---- is the movement of people out of a
particular location or area.
b.Immigration ---- is the movement of people into a
location.
OVERPOPULATION ---- is the state of having more
organisms than a place can support.
----it is the results when the population
continue to grow at a fast rate.
EFFECTS OF RAPID POPULATION GROWTH
1.Food shortage ----The demand of food increases
2.Malnutrition ---- a condition where the body does
not get the required nutrients
3.Water shortage ---- The need for clean, safe water
increases as more people inhibit a place.
4. Space shortage ---- Less living space is available as
population increases.
5. Pollution ---- contamination of land, air, water
occurs as inhabitants increase in number.
6.Spread of diseases ---- overpopulated places
promote the growth of
microorganisms which include
disease- carrying bacteria and viruses.
7.Garbage Problems ----- More people means more
producers of garbage
Methane ---- poisonous gas given off by rotting garbage
