Ashrae 90.1-2013 Performance-Explained

BUILDING ENERGY CODES
ANSI/ASHRAE/IES
Standard 90.1-2013 Chapter 11
and Appendix G
1
May 2014 PNNL-SA-102543

www.energycodes.gov
Performance Paths in Standard 90.1
Standard 90.1 includes 2

performance paths
Both based on energy
simulation
Both compare a proposed
building design to a baseline
building meeting the
prescriptive requirements of
the code
Both compare the annual
energy cost ($) of the
proposed building to the
baseline building
Proposed Design
Baseline
Design
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Performance Paths in Standard 90.1
Energy Cost Budget Method (ECB) - Chapter 11

Used for minimum code compliance for buildings that do not meet 90.1
prescriptive requirements
Requires no greater energy cost than a building that meets those
prescriptive requirements
Performance Rating Method - Appendix G

Used to rate building performance beyond code. LEED, EPACT tax
credits, utility programs, ASHRAE Standard 189.1, IgCC
% improvement = 100 x (baseline proposed) / baseline
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Performance Updates in 90.1-2013
Total of 20 addenda incorporated into 90.1-2013 that impact one or

both of the performance paths
15 impact the Performance Rating Method only
5 impact both the Performance Rating Method and the Energy Cost
Budget method.
+ addenda =
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Existing Building Envelope Baseline
Addendum E Existing building envelope construction baseline same

new buildings
Before addendum E baseline = existing conditions
After addendum E baseline = prescriptive requirements
Maintains consistency of ratings between new and existing buildings
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Baseline Window-to Wall Ratio
Addenda F & CF Establishes baseline

WWR for building types
Credit good design choices appropriate
glazing area
Vertical fenestration area shall equal
that in Table G3.1-1
Proposed 40% WWR
Baseline 19% WWR
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Credit for Equivalent Operative

Temperature
Addendum R Allows credit for providing

equivalent thermal comfort by means other than
dry bulb temperature control
Must comply with ASHRAE Standard 55
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Credit for Reduced Infiltration
Addendum AG Specifies baseline infiltration rates

Allows credit for reduced infiltration verified by whole building air
leakage testing (Table G3.1.5b)
Baseline air leakage set at 0.4 cfm/ft2 (entire envelope) @ 0.3w.g.
pressure differential
Provides direction on converting air leakage rates to infiltration inputs as
required by common simulation tools (DOE2, E+, etc.) (Section G3.1.1.4)
G3.1.1.4 Modeling Building Envelope Infiltration.
The air leakage rate of the building envelope (I75PA ) at a
pressure differential of 0.3 w.g.(75Pa) shall be converted to
appropriate units for the simulation program using one of the
following formulas:
For methods describing infiltration as a function of floor
area:
IFLR = 0.112 * I75PA * S / AFLR
For methods describing infiltration as a function of
exterior wall area:
IEW = 0.112 * I75PA * S / AEW
S = area of entire envelope air pressure boundary
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CV Laboratory Exhaust Fan Baseline
Addendum C Laboratory exhaust fans modeled as constant flow

with bypass at discharge (G3.1.1 exception 3)
Allows credit for VAV exhaust systems
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Addendum AX Requires
modeling of shading by
adjacent structures provided
that structure height is greater
than the distance from the
proposed building and width is
greater then 1/3 of the
proposed building (Table
G3.1.14a)
Exterior Shading
H > D & W2 > 1/3 * W1
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Baseline Computer Room Systems
Addendum CJ Establishes rules for simulating baseline computer

room HVAC systems
New system type 11- Single Zone VAV with chilled water (CRAH) for
computer rooms in buildings with peak cooling load > 3,000,000 Btu/h
(Section G3.1.1 exception 7)
HVAC fans on during unoccupied hours (Table G3.1 4c)

No reheat for dehumidification (Table G3.1 10)
Water side economizers required for CRAH System 11 (Section G3.1.2.7.1)
Supply air volume resets from 100% airflow at full load to minimum flow at
50% load (G3.1.3.17)
Establishes default monthly loading schedule to analyze efficiency at

typical load growth patterns for large computer rooms
11
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New Baseline Mechanical Systems
Addendum CE Changes baseline system type for Big Box Retail to

rooftop PSZ instead of VAV (Table G3.1.1A)
Addendum CV Creates two new Single Zone, Constant Volume
baseline system types for Public Assembly buildings (Tables G3.1.1.3
& G3.1.1.4)
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12BUILDING ENERGY CODES
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Baseline Fuel Source
Addendum AL Establishes baseline fuel source for space heating

dependent on climate zone (Table G3.1.1A)
Warm climates zones 1,2 & 3a use electricity. Cold climate zones use
natural gas (propane if NG is unavailable.)
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Baseline Fuel Source
Addendum AL Establishes baseline fuel source for service water

heating dependent on building function
High SWH load building types use natural gas (propane if NG is
unavailable.) Lower SWH load building use electric
Table G3.1.1C Baseline Service Hot Water System
Building Area Type

Automotive facility
Convention center
Courthouse
Dining: bar
lounge/leisure
Dining: cafeteria/fast
food
Dining: family
Dormitory
Exercise center
Fire station
Gymnasium
Health-care clinic
Hospital
Hotel
Library
Baseline Heating Method

Gas Storage Water Heater
Electric Resistance Storage Water
Heater
Heater

Heater
Manufacturing
facility
BUILDING ENERGY
CODES
Building Area Type

Multifamily
Museum
Parking garage
Penitentiary
Performing arts
theater
Police station
Post office
Religious building
Retail
School/university
Sports arena
Town hall
Baseline Heating Method

Heater
Heater
Heater
Heater
Heater
Heater
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Heater
On-Site Renewable Energy
Addendum W Defines on-site renewable

energy (Definition Section 3)
Caps renewable credit available for
compliance trade-off to 5% (Section
11.2.3.1)
3.2 Definitions
on-site renewable energy: energy generated from renewable sources produced at the building site.
.
G2.4.1 On-Site Renewable Energy and Site-Recovered Energy. On-site renewable energy generated by
systems included on the building permit that is used by the building shall be subtracted from the proposed
design energy consumption prior to calculating the proposed building performance.
11.2.3.1 On-Site Renewable Energy and Site-Recovered Energy. On-site renewable energy generated by
systems included on the building permit that is used by the building shall be subtracted from the proposed
design energy consumption prior to calculating the design energy cost. The
reduction in design energy cost associated with on-site renewable energy shall be no more than 5% of the
calculated energy-cost budget.
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Baseline Packaged Equipment

Fan Energy
Addendum BL Provides rules for removing fan energy from baseline

packaged equipment efficiency metrics (Section 11.3.2 & G3.1.2.1)
Efficiency metrics such as EER, SEER, COP, & HSPF include fan power,
while simulation programs need efficiency without fan energy (COPnofan)
Simulation programs require fan power to be separated to simulate
continually running fans with cycling heating or cooling
COPnfcooling = 7.84E-8*EER*Q + 0.338*EER

COPnfcooling = -0.0076*SEER2 + 0.3796*SEER
COPnfheating = 1.48E-7*COP47*Q + 1.062*COP47
(applies to heat pump heating efficiency only)
COPnfheating = -0.0296*HSPF2 + 0.7134*HSPF
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Lighting Controls
Addendum CG Adds lighting controls to baseline to match changes

in Chapter 9 (Table G31.6 & 11.3.1.6)
Occupancy sensors required in more space

Daylighting required in some spaces
Allows for use of new Lighting Control Factors in Table 9.6.2
Eliminates Power Adjustment Table G32
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Baseline Cooling Towers
Addendum CI Requires variable speed

fans for baseline cooling towers.
Relaxes tower approach for climates
with high design wet bulb temperature
(G3.1.3.11& Table 11.3.2A )
Previous baseline requirement - design
entering condenser water temperature of
850 F or 100 F. approach to 1% design
wet bulb temperature, whichever is lower
New baseline requirement design
approach varies with design wet-bulb
temperature. Prevents towers from being
too large in humid climate zones
Approach 10F Range = 25.72 (0.24 WB)
where WB is the 0.4% evaporation design wet-bulb temperature in F

18
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Other Changes
Addendum AH Allows baseline supply air flow rate to be sized on

latent loads instead of sensible loads for spaces with high latent load
(G3.1.2.9, exception 2)
Addendum CT Specifies that Heating and Ventilating systems 9 and
10 are single zone systems (G3.1.1)
Addendum CN Allows baseline laboratories to be simulated with
100% outdoor air (G3.1.2.6)
Addendum AW Updates the reference to ASHRAE Standard 140
Standard Method of Test for the Evaluation of Building Energy
Analysis Computer Programs (G2.2.4 & 11.4.1.4)
Addendum AI Specifies baseline chillers shall use Path A chillers
(11.3.2b & G.3.2.1). Allows credit for improved transformer efficiency
(Table G31.15)
19
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Performance Updates in 90.1-2013
Summary
20
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BUILDING ENERGY CODES

May 2014 PNNL-SA-102543

Performance Paths in Standard 90.1

Standard 90.1 includes 2

Performance Paths in Standard 90.1

Energy Cost Budget Method (ECB) - Chapter 11

Performance Rating Method - Appendix G

Performance Updates in 90.1-2013

Total of 20 addenda incorporated into 90.1-2013 that impact one or

Existing Building Envelope Baseline

Addendum E Existing building envelope construction baseline same

Maintains consistency of ratings between new and existing buildings

Baseline Window-to Wall Ratio

Addenda F & CF Establishes baseline

Proposed 40% WWR

Baseline 19% WWR

Credit for Equivalent Operative

Addendum R Allows credit for providing

Credit for Reduced Infiltration

Addendum AG Specifies baseline infiltration rates

BUILDING ENERGY CODES

CV Laboratory Exhaust Fan Baseline

Addendum C Laboratory exhaust fans modeled as constant flow

H > D & W2 > 1/3 * W1

Baseline Computer Room Systems

Addendum CJ Establishes rules for simulating baseline computer

HVAC fans on during unoccupied hours (Table G3.1 4c)

Establishes default monthly loading schedule to analyze efficiency at

New Baseline Mechanical Systems

Addendum CE Changes baseline system type for Big Box Retail to

12BUILDING ENERGY CODES

Baseline Fuel Source

Addendum AL Establishes baseline fuel source for space heating

Baseline Fuel Source

Addendum AL Establishes baseline fuel source for service water

Building Area Type

Baseline Heating Method

Gas Storage Water Heater

Building Area Type

Baseline Heating Method

On-Site Renewable Energy

Addendum W Defines on-site renewable

Baseline Packaged Equipment

Addendum BL Provides rules for removing fan energy from baseline

COPnfcooling = 7.84E-8*EER*Q + 0.338*EER

COPnfheating = -0.0296*HSPF2 + 0.7134*HSPF

Addendum CG Adds lighting controls to baseline to match changes

Occupancy sensors required in more space

Baseline Cooling Towers

Addendum CI Requires variable speed

where WB is the 0.4% evaporation design wet-bulb temperature in F

Addendum AH Allows baseline supply air flow rate to be sized on

19BUILDING ENERGY CODES

Performance Updates in 90.1-2013

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COPnfcooling = 7.84E-8EERQ + 0.338*EER

COPnfheating = -0.0296HSPF2 + 0.7134HSPF