Scribd
Upload
386 views

3 Methodsofintegration

This document provides a worksheet on methods of integration including integration by parts, integration of rational functions using partial fractions, approximate integration using trapezoid and Simpson's rules, and improper integrals. It contains 10 problems applying these techniques, with examples provided for some problems.

Uploaded by

api-268267969
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
386 views

3 Methodsofintegration

This document provides a worksheet on methods of integration including integration by parts, integration of rational functions using partial fractions, approximate integration using trapezoid and Simpson's rules, and improper integrals. It contains 10 problems applying these techniques, with examples provided for some problems.

Uploaded by

api-268267969
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 8

Math 1132 Worksheet 3

Name

Discussion Section

Methods of Integration
Solutions to these problems should show all of your work, not just a single
final answer.
Part 1: Integration by parts. Do each problem as follows: (1) specify u and dv, (2)
compute du and v, (3) use integration by parts with your choice of u and dv. (4) If you need
integration by parts more than once, each time go through steps 1, 2, and 3 again.
Z
Example. Compute x2 ex dx.
Solution.
(1) Set u = x2 and dv = ex dx.
(2) We have du = 2x dx and v = ex .
Z
Z
Z
Z
Z
2 x
2 x
x
2 x
(3) Now x e dx = u dv = uv v du = x e e (2x) dx = x e 2 xex dx.
Z

(4) To find xe dx, set u = x and dv = e dx, so du = dx and v = e . Then


Z
Z
Z
x
u dv = uv v du = xe ex dx = xex ex .
(5) Substituting the result of (4) into (3),
Z
x2 ex dx = x2 ex 2(xex ex ) + C = (x2 2x + 2)ex + C.
Z
1. Compute

x cos(5x) dx.

xex dx =

Z
2. Compute

x2 2x dx. (Hint: You can find an antiderivative of 2x by recalling how to

differentiate 2x .)

Part 2: Integration of rational functions.


Z
2x + 1
dx using partial fractions.
Example. Compute
x2 4
2x + 1
A
B
Solution. Write 2
=
+
for some A and B. Clearing the denominator,
x 4
x+2 x2
2x + 1 = A(x 2) + B(x + 2). Setting x = 2 we get 5 = 4B, so B = 5/4. Setting x = 2
2x + 1
3/4
5/4
we get 3 = 4A, so A = 3/4. Thus 2
=
+
, so
x 4
x+2 x2

Z 
Z
2x + 1
3/4
5/4
3
5
dx =
+
dx = ln |x + 2| + ln |x 2| + C.
2
x 4
x+2 x2
5
4
Z
3. Compute

x3

Z
4. Compute

10
dx using partial fractions.
x2 6x

x2 + x + 1
dx using partial fractions.
x(x2 + 4)

Part 3: Approximate Integration.


Z
Example. (a) Compute the trapezoid approximation to

x dx using n = 4 subin-

tervals, rounding your approximation to 5 digits after the decimal point.


(b) Use the error bound for the trapezoid rule to determine an n such that the trapezoid
approximation is guaranteed by the error bound to be with .01 of the value of the integral.
Solution.
(a) The trapezoid approximation with n = 4 is
ba
2
(f (x0 ) + 2f (x1 ) + 2f (x2 ) + 2f (x3 ) + f (x4 )) =
(f (1) + 2f (1.5) + 2f (2) +
2n
8
2f (2.5) + f (3))
2.79306.
(b) An upper bound on the error from the trapezoid rule with n intervals is K(ba)
(x)2 ,
12
00
where x = (b
a)/n and K is an upper bound on |f (x)| for all x in [a, b]. In our
problem, f (x) = x, so f 00 (x) = 14 x3/2 . For 1 x 3, we have x3/2 1, so
|f 00 (x)| 1/4 when 1 x 3. Thus we can use K = 1/4, so the trapezoid error bound
is (1/4)(31)
( n2 )2 = 6n1 2 . Having the error be less than .01 means
12
1
1
< .01 n2 >
n >
2
6n
6(.01)

1
4.082,
.06

so for n 5 the trapezoid approximation will be within .01 of the integral.


Z 3
5. (a) Compute the trapezoid approximation to
x sin x dx using n = 4 subintervals,
2

rounding your approximation to 5 digits after the decimal point. (Remember to set your
calculator to radian mode for trigonometric functions.)
(b) Use the error bound for the trapezoid rule to determine an n such that the trapezoid
approximation is guaranteed by the error bound to be with .01 of the value of the integral.

Z
6. (a) Compute the Simpsons rule approximation to

x dx using n = 4 subintervals,

rounding your approximation to 5 digits after the decimal point.


(b) Use the error bound for Simpsons rule to determine an n such that the Simpsons
rule approximation is guaranteed by the error bound to be with 106 of the value of the
integral. (Remember n must be even.)

Part 4: Improper Integrals.


Z
0

Z
8. Compute the improper integral
0

ax

7. For a > 0, compute the improper integrals


will be in terms of a.

Z
dx and

xeax dx. Your answer

dx
using partial fractions.
(x + 2)(x + 5)

Z
9. Decide if the improper integral
gent, evaluate it.

x2

x
dx is convergent or divergent. If it is conver+1

Optional Question.
10. Vibrations show up in many places: civil engineering (oscillations in a bridge or the
reaction of a building to an earthquake), music (sound is a vibration of pressure waves),
and ski design (smaller vibrations make a smoother ride). The following computation is
fundamental in any mathematical study of vibrations: for all positive integers m and n,
use integration by parts to show
Z 2
sin(mx) cos(nx) dx = 0.
0

(Hint: Use the bounds of integration during the integration by parts, and treat m = n
and m 6= n separately. It may help to first try this for specific m and n, such as m = 2
and n = 3, and then m = 5 and n = 5.) There are two other integral formulas related
the one above, with products of two sines and two cosines:
(
(
Z 2
Z 2
, if m = n,
, if m = n,
cos(mx) cos(nx) dx =
sin(mx) sin(nx) dx =
0, if m 6= n.
0, if m 6= n
0
0
Here too m and n are positive integers. The optional question is only the first formula.

You might also like