EDTO Workshop

Module N 9 Summary

Course Structure

Module 1
Course introduction

Module 2
Basic concepts

Module 3
Approval

Module 4
Aircraft Certification
Considerations

Module 5
Maintenance
Considerations

Module 6
Flight Operations
Considerations

Module 7
Implementing
EDTO Regulations

Module 8
Continued
Surveillance

Module 9
Summary

Module 10
Assessment
ICAO EDTO Course - Summary

Objectives

Review during this module the main items

detailed in the other modules in order to
clarify any misunderstanding by the
audience, and propose a conclusion

ICAO EDTO Course - Summary

Outline

Basic EDTO Concepts

Main evolutions of EDTO requirements
EDTO approval concepts (aircraft assessment and
operators operational approval)
Main EDTO Flight Ops requirements
Main Maintenance requirements
Continued Surveillance
Conclusion

ICAO EDTO Course - Summary

Agenda
Main Concepts and evolutions
EDTO Approval:
Aircraft Type Design assessment
Operational approval

Main EDTO operational requirements

Flight operations
Maintenance

Continued Surveillance
State Implementation
Conclusions

ICAO EDTO Course - Summary

Operations beyond 60 min

When under the established Threshold:

Aerodrome
60 min

Additional flight planning principles

apply
- Operational control and dispatch
procedures
- Identify alternate aerodromes
- Information on those aerodromes
- For Twins, that the aerodrome will
be available
- Training programmes

ICAO EDTO Course - Basic Concepts

Page 6

Threshold
Operations beyond the Threshold require a
Specific Approval
There are sets of Certification & Operational requirements
which apply when an aircraft is operated beyond applicable threshold
Aerodrome
60 min

X min

ICAO EDTO Course - Basic Concepts

Page 7

Maximum Diversion Time

Maximum time (expressed in distance) that an aeroplane

can be to an aerodrome
This defines the area of operation

Aerodrome
60 min

X min

ICAO EDTO Course - Basic Concepts

X min

Page 8

Applicability

Concept of threshold
There are sets of Certification & Operational requirements which apply when an aircraft is
operated beyond applicable threshold

Threshold:

Given time/distance from an airport

Not impacted

En-route alternate airport

Destination

Departure

Approval Required

ICAO EDTO Course - Summary

Page 9

Applicability

Maximum Diversion Time

These Certification & Operational requirements, called EDTO (or ETOPS or LROPS)
also introduce the concept of Maximum Diversion Time, thus defining an approved authorized
area of operations

Maximum Diversion Time:

Given time/distance from an airport

En-route alternate airport

Destination

Departure

Approved area of operations

ICAO EDTO Course - Summary

Page 10

Different acronyms same subject

FAA

EASA
ICAO

EDTO

ETOPS

ETOPS
Extended Twin OPerationS

ExTended OPerationS

Extended Diversion
Time Operations

Use of the term

ETOPS or EDTO
in the aircraft documentation:

Most of the Authorities in the world are still using the term ETOPS

It is not planned to replace the term ETOPS with EDTO in existing docs
This is in line with the note introduced in the new Annex 6 4.7 which clarifies that the
term ETOPS may still be used instead of EDTO
(see Note 1 in the Annex 6 extract copied below).

ICAO EDTO Course - Summary

Page 11

From ETOPS to EDTO

The new ETOPS requirements are renamed EDTO by ICAO in 2012:

Applicability is extended to tris & quads for operations beyond 180 min (AEO speed):

No change for the vast majority of current long-range operators

No additional maintenance requirements nor additional certification requirements
Main novelties: consideration of Time Limited System / identification of en-route alternates and
verification of weather

The term ETOPS may still be used instead of EDTO

Twins certificated under the previous rules can operate ETOPS up to 180 min DT.

The new EDTO / ETOPS requirements are mainly an evolution of existing

rules, adapted to address the specificities of long range flights when
diversion time exceeds 180 min (OEI speed, ISA), through new/revised
criteria on:
Engine reliability: world fleet IFSD rate less than 0.01/1000 EFH for an airplane/engine
combination is required for >180
Consideration at dispatch of time capability of the Time limited systems :

Cargo Fire Suppression vs diversion at AEO speed

Other most limiting Time Limited System vs diversion at OEI speed

Previous ETOPS requirements for A/C equipment redundancies, crew training, maintenance
standards and operating rules are optimized and completed

ICAO EDTO Course - Summary

12

EDTO regulations

The intent of the new regulations

Basically, the ETOPS concept implemented 25 years ago is not changed:
PRECLUDE a diversion by

PROTECT the diversion by

Designing reliable A/C engines & systems

Implementing systems/functions required for

safe ETOPS diversion & landing

minimize the occurrence of degraded

operating modes

Ensure a high level of systems

performance in normal & degraded
operational modes

ETOPS Type Design & Reliability approval (Certification) of the Aircraft

Implementing specific
maintenance precautions, conservative
practices &readiness demonstration
retain a high level of reliability

Having operational plans in place for

readiness demonstration, aiming at the
protection of passengers and crew
cope with adverse operating conditions

ETOPS Operational Approval of the Airline

ICAO EDTO Course - Summary

Page 13

Threshold
Maximum Diversion Time
En-route alternate airport

Not impacted
Destination

Threshold Time

Departure

Specific approval required

The State of the Operator:
Establishes the Threshold Time; and
Approves the Maximum Diversion Time
ICAO EDTO Course - Summary

14

Agenda
Main Concepts and evolutions
EDTO Approval:
Aircraft Type Design assessment
Operational approval

Main EDTO operational requirements

Flight operations
Maintenance

Continued Surveillance
State Implementation
Conclusions

ICAO EDTO Course - Summary

15

EDTO Approval

EDTO is a Two Step Process

Manufacturer must perform the Type Design

Assessment
of the airframe/engine combination and get it
approved / validated by the Type Design Authority.
The Airplane is Ready
Airline operators must get Operational Approval

from its National Authority to fly EDTO

The Airline is Ready
ICAO EDTO Course - Summary

16

Certification & operational approval

To operate beyond threshold, two conditions must be met:

Aircraft Certification
(may not be required under certain conditions)

Operational Approval

Applicant:
MANUFACTURER

Annex 8

AMC 20-6

Applicant:
OPERATOR

FAR 25

Prime Certification Authority

+
Validation Authorities

Annex 6

CAT-OP

FAR 121

NAA Rules

AMC 20-6

AC 120-42B

National Aviation Authority

Must be obtained before approval of Operator for EDTO

ICAO EDTO Course - Summary

Page 17

EDTO Type Design Assessment

Airplanes with more than 2 engines

As per ICAO decision (State Letter Ref. SP 59/4.1-11/8 of
June 2011), the following applies to Airplanes with more than
2 engines engaged in EDTO operations :
The capability of Time Limited System must be considered at
dispatch for the purpose of identification and selection of enroute alternates (verification of weather)

This may require an assessment of the aircraft design to

identify / confirm the capability of relevant Time Limited
System(s)
Usually, it is the capability of the Cargo Fire Suppression system
which defines the applicable limitation for EDTO

As per ICAO standards, there are no additional maintenance

requirements nor additional certification requirements
Note: a given State may require an EDTO certification provided
related design and reliability criteria have been defined
ICAO EDTO Course - Summary

18

EDTO Type Design Approval

Twin engine aircraft

Airplane Models Approved Separately

Each airframe/engine combination
Each diversion time (120, 180, beyond 180)

for each combination

Derivative airplanes require additional approval

ICAO EDTO Course - Summary

19

Certification & operational approval

To operate beyond threshold, two conditions must be met:

Aircraft Certification
(may not be required under certain conditions)

Operational Approval

Applicant:
MANUFACTURER

Annex 8

AMC 20-6

Applicant:
OPERATOR

FAR 25

Prime Certification Authority

+
Validation Authorities

Annex 6

CAT-OP

FAR 121

NAA Rules

AMC 20-6

AC 120-42B

National Aviation Authority

May be granted only after aircraft certification for ETOPS/LROPS/EDTO

ICAO EDTO Course - Summary

Page 20

EDTO Operational Approval

Operational Approval:

The National Authority of the country of the operator in charge of

operational matters is responsible for this approval
All documents subject to legal approval are signed & stamped by the National
Authority

The operator has to send an ETOPS application letter to its National AA,
with the ETOPS objectives (Routes, desired diversion time, fleet, area of
operations, planned date for the start of ETOPS flights, etc...)
It is required to send this application letter at least 3 months before the
intended date of start of ETOPS (6 months in case of accelerated ETOPS)

ICAO EDTO Course - Summary

Page 21

Airline Operational Approval

Approval Of The Airline To Operate An EDTO capable
Airplane On EDTO Routes

ETOPS capable / configured airplane

Application approval plan
Operator ETOPS programs and
documentation
Flight Operations
Maintenance (only for twins)

Company training
Operational validation flight
Operations Specification
ICAO EDTO Course - Summary

22

Agenda
Main Concepts and evolutions
EDTO Approval:
Aircraft Type Design assessment
Operational approval

Main EDTO operational requirements

Flight operations
Maintenance

Continued Surveillance
State Implementation
Conclusions

ICAO EDTO Course - Summary

23

EDTO operational requirements

To obtain an EDTO operational approval, the Airline must ensure that the required process
elements are proven and implemented:
* : these requirements do not apply to ops with
airplanes with more than 2 engines

Aircraft operations compliance to EDTO/ETOPS CMP document *

(Continued process, includes parts-control)

Flight Operations Processes

Maintenance Processes*

EDTO Procedures Manual

EDTO Procedures Manual

EDTO Routes / selection of alternates

passenger recovery

EDTO Maintenance Program

Dual Maintenance Procedures
EDTO Tasks identification

Flight planning
(Airports, Time-limited systems, Fuel, MMEL )

EDTO Service Check

Oil Consumption Monitoring
+ ECM + APU in-flight start

Weather data
In-flight procedures

(communication, flight monitoring, diversion decision making)

Reliability Monitoring &Occurrence Reporting

Training Program (covering all processes)

ICAO EDTO Course - Summary

Page 24

EDTO operational requirements

Main Flight Operations
No Day Conditions

EDTO Area of Operation

Approved diversion
speed strategy

Day Conditions

EDTO Flight Operation

EDTO alternate airports

: weather minima +
margins, period of
suitability
EDTO Flight

Operators approved
EDTO Diversion Time

Time-limited System
Pre-flight Checks
WTH/NTM Follow up

ICAO EDTO Course - Summary

EDTO Fuel:
3 diversion
scenarios
Additional fuel
reserves : icing,
wind forecast,
Similar diversion
decision making

Page 25

EDTO operational requirements

Main Maintenance

Configuration
EDTO Parts Control
Engine Condition Monitoring
EDTO Verification Program

Propulsion System Monitoring (IFSD)

Reliability Program

Oil Consumption Monitoring

Centralized Maintenance Control

Pre-departure Service Check

Multiple Similar Systems

Task Identification

Procedural Changes

Maintenance Training

EDTO Maintenance Document

ICAO EDTO Course - Summary

APU Start Reliability

26

Agenda
Main Concepts and evolutions
EDTO Approval:
Aircraft Type Design assessment
Operational approval

Main EDTO operational requirements

Flight operations
Maintenance

Continued Surveillance
State Implementation
Conclusions

ICAO EDTO Course - Summary

27

Continuing Surveillance
Twin engine aircraft
IFSD Monitoring and Resolution

World fleet average and operator In-flight Shutdown (IFSD) rate

monitored on a 12 month rolling average
120 min ETOPS

Type Design Target

0.05/1000 engine hrs

Operator Alert Level

0.05/1000 engine hrs

180/207 min ETOPS

0.02/1000 engine hrs

0.03/1000 engine hrs

Beyond 180 min ETOPS

0.01/1000 engine hrs

0.02/1000 engine hrs

Airline trend monitoring

Engine Condition Monitoring, Oil Consumption, Reliability Reporting

Investigation of common cause effects or systemic errors when

operator IFSD rate exceeds maintenance program thresholds *

IFSD Resolution
Operators
Manufacturers
ICAO EDTO Course - Summary

Regulators
28

Continued Surveillance
Continued airworthiness activities performed by the Manufacturers and their
Primary Certifying authorities ensure that
EDTO capability of the concerned airplane are continuously monitored
Any necessary corrective actions are identified

Identification of necessary corrective actions highly depends on effective

reporting by the Operators of relevant in-service events data
Quick and comprehensive reports helps in defining efficient corrective actions that
may be necessary to maintain or restore EDTO operations
Good communication between concerned parties (Authorities, Operators and
Manufacturers) is also key for developing any necessary corrective action plan.

Timely implementation of required corrective actions is a major contributor for

ensuring continued safe EDTO operations

ICAO EDTO Course - Summary

Page 29

Agenda
Main Concepts and evolutions
EDTO Approval:
Aircraft Type Design assessment
Operational approval

Main EDTO operational requirements

Flight operations
Maintenance

Continued Surveillance
State Implementation
Conclusions

ICAO EDTO Course - Summary

30

State

Implementation

States need to translate EDTO ICAO SARPs into National regulations and
policies. Additional guidance is available in:

States should establish a Threshold Time for twins and more than two
engine a/c

Annex 6 Part I, Attachment D

EDTOM (under development)
FPFMM (Doc 9976)
Airworthiness Manual (Doc 9760)

Is not intended to be area, operator or aeroplane type specific.

A baseline threshold time should be determined (e.g. 60 min for twins and 180 min for more
than two engine a/c)
The ICAO SARPs allow flexibility to accommodate variations from the baseline for specific
situations (e.g. domestic specificities, established operations)

States should determine the criteria for approving Maximum Diversion Time

Assessment of the Operators EDTO programme compliance

Criteria for specific diversion times
Area of operation
EDTO capabilities of the Operator's fleet

ICAO EDTO Course - Summary

31

Agenda
Main Concepts and evolutions
EDTO Approval:
Aircraft Type Design assessment
Operational approval

Main EDTO operational requirements

Flight operations
Maintenance

Continued Surveillance
State Implementation
Conclusions

ICAO EDTO Course - Summary

32

Conclusions (1/2)
ETOPS has often been considered as one of the major contributor to the global
aviation safety in the last 30 years by introducing:
Higher aircraft & engine design and reliability standards
Robust operational and maintenance practices
The EDTO / ETOPS regulations have evolved to:
Allow Non Limited ETOPS operations for twins
based on propulsion reliability and overall operational safety of current ETOPS
twins

Introduce similar ETOPS precaution to operations of tris & quads. The

impact is limited as :
No Certification required as per ICAO EDTO amendments
Threshold commonly set at 180 min DT only most southern routes may be
impacted
Few additional operational requirements (No additional maintenance) based
on Industry Best Practices (Consideration of Time Limited Systems / policy for
selection and monitoring of en-route alternates)
ICAO EDTO Course - Summary

Page 33

Conclusions (2/2)
The latest EDTO rules are based on the same initial concepts:
Set requirements in terms of design and reliability
standards for twin engine aircraft
Introduce enhanced operational practices (Maintenance &
flight operations)
Demonstrate operational readiness (Aircraft and Operator)
These EDTO basic principles aims at:
Precluding the diversion
Protecting the diversion should it occur.
Continued commitment to these EDTO requirements is
necessary to ensure safe and reliable EDTO operations.
ICAO EDTO Course - Summary

Page 34

Questions ?

Module 9
Summary

ICAO EDTO Course - Summary

Page 35