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Introduction: Computer Organization: Lesson 1

This document provides an introduction to computer organization. It distinguishes between computer organization and computer architecture. Computer organization refers to the operational units and their interconnections that realize the computer architecture specification. It describes how a computer works at a low level. Computer architecture describes what the computer does from a programmer's perspective and may span multiple computer models. The document outlines the major components of a computer, including the memory, input, output, arithmetic logic unit, and control unit. It also discusses machine instructions, their representation as binary strings, and common fields like opcodes and operands.

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Emannuel Tumala Saligue
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141 views9 pages

Introduction: Computer Organization: Lesson 1

This document provides an introduction to computer organization. It distinguishes between computer organization and computer architecture. Computer organization refers to the operational units and their interconnections that realize the computer architecture specification. It describes how a computer works at a low level. Computer architecture describes what the computer does from a programmer's perspective and may span multiple computer models. The document outlines the major components of a computer, including the memory, input, output, arithmetic logic unit, and control unit. It also discusses machine instructions, their representation as binary strings, and common fields like opcodes and operands.

Uploaded by

Emannuel Tumala Saligue
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Lesson 1

Introduction: Computer
Organization

COMPUTER SYSTEM
The distinction of Computer systems is
often made between Computer
Organization and Computer
Architecture

Computer Organization and Architecture


lets you know how exactly each instruction is
executed at the micro level.
It basically gives us a very fundamental
understanding of how things work in computers.

Difference between Computer


Architecture and Computer Organization
Computer Organization

Computer Architecture

operational units and their


set of attributes that are visible
interconnections that realize the to the programmer
architecture specification
implementation of its
architecture

more about design construction


that may lead to better
performance of the system.

describes how it does it

describes what the computer


does

changes with changing


technology

may span over many years and


can have number of different
computer models.

Attributes
Architectural attributes:
- instruction set,

- the no of bits used to represent the data types,


- Input Output mechanism and
- technique for addressing memories.

Organizational attributes:
- Hardware details such as control signals,
- Interface between computers and peripherals
- the memory technology used.

Computer Organization its definition


Computer Organization refers to the level of
abstraction above the digital logic level, but below
the operating system level.
Operational Units and there interconnections that
realize or recognize the specifications of Computer
Architecture.
the major components are functional units or
subsystems that correspond to specific pieces of
hardware built

The von Neumann model


John von Neumann (1903-1957)
Five major subsystems:
1. Memory
2. Input
3. Output
4. Arithmetic-logic unit (ALU)
5. Control unit

Basic Computer Organization

Machine instructions and


their representation
building blocks of all computer programs.
Each instruction - one very simple step in a computation.
Typical processors have from a few dozen to a few
hundred different machine instructions.
Each instruction is represented by a unique binary string
made up of fields:
opcode field
operand fields
*example

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