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Relations and Functions

The document discusses ordered pair numbers, relations, functions, domains and ranges. It provides examples of relations and functions represented as sets of ordered pairs and determines whether three given relations are functions or not.

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Mike
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25 views

Relations and Functions

The document discusses ordered pair numbers, relations, functions, domains and ranges. It provides examples of relations and functions represented as sets of ordered pairs and determines whether three given relations are functions or not.

Uploaded by

Mike
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as DOC, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Relations and Functions

Ordered-Pair Numbers

An ordered-pair number is a pair of numbers that go together. The numbers are written
within a set of parentheses and separated by a comma.
For example, (4, 7) is an ordered-pair number; the order is designated by the first
element 4 and the second element 7. The pair (7, 4) is not the same as (4, 7) because
of the different ordering. Sets of ordered-pair numbers can represent relations or
functions.
Relation

A relation is any set of ordered-pair numbers.


Suppose the weights of four students are shown in the following table.
Student

Weight

120

100

150

130

The pairing of the student number and his corresponding weight is a relation and can
be written as a set of ordered-pair numbers.
W = {(1, 120), (2, 100), (3, 150), (4, 130)}
The set of all first elements is called the domain of the relation.
The domain of W = {1, 2, 3, 4}
The set of second elements is called the range of the relation.
The range of W = {120, 100, 150, 130}
unction

A function is a relation in which no two ordered pairs have the same first element.
A function associates each element in its domain with one and only one element in its
range.

Example:
Determine whether the following are functions
a) A = {(1, 2), (2, 3), (3, 4), (4, 5)}
b) B = {(1, 3), (0, 3), (2, 1), (4, 2)}
c) C = {(1, 6), (2, 5), (1, 9), (4, 3)}
Solution:
a) A = {(1, 2), (2, 3), (3, 4), (4, 5)} is a function because all the first elements are
different.
b) B = {(1, 3), (0, 3), (2, 1), (4, 2)} is a function because all the first elements are
different. (The second element does not need to be unique)
c) C = {(1, 6), (2, 5), (1, 9), (4, 3)} is not a function because the first element, 1, is
repeated.

A function can be identified from a graph. If any vertical line drawn through the graph
cuts the graph at more than one point, then the relation is not a function.

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