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Arithmetic Sequences and Series

The document defines an arithmetic sequence as a sequence where the difference between consecutive terms is constant. It provides examples of arithmetic and non-arithmetic sequences, and identifies the common difference. Formulas are given for the nth term and the sum of an arithmetic sequence based on the first term, last term, number of terms, and common difference. Examples of using the formulas to find specific terms and sums are also provided.

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227 views20 pages

Arithmetic Sequences and Series

The document defines an arithmetic sequence as a sequence where the difference between consecutive terms is constant. It provides examples of arithmetic and non-arithmetic sequences, and identifies the common difference. Formulas are given for the nth term and the sum of an arithmetic sequence based on the first term, last term, number of terms, and common difference. Examples of using the formulas to find specific terms and sums are also provided.

Uploaded by

jv
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Arithmetic

Sequences

An Arithmetic Sequence is
defined as a sequence in
which there is a common
difference between
consecutive terms.

Which of the following sequences are


arithmetic? Identify the common
difference.
3, 1, 1, 3, 5, 7, 9, . . .

YES

15.5, 14, 12.5, 11, 9.5, 8, . . .

d 2

YES d 1.5

84, 80, 74, 66, 56, 44, . . . NO


8, 6, 4, 2, 0, . . .

NO

50, 44, 38, 32, 26, . . . YES d 6

The common
s
y
a
w
l
a
s
i
e
c
differen
n
e
e
w
t
e
b
e
c
the differen
m
r
e
t
e
h
t
d
n
a
any term
t
a
h
t
s
d
e
e
c
o
r
p
that
term.
Com

mo n
Differ
ence
=

26, 21, 16, 11, 6, . . .

The general form of an ARITHMETIC sequence.


First Term:

a1

Second Term:

a2 a1 d

Third Term:

a3 a1 2d

Fourth Term:

a4 a1 3d

Fifth Term:

a5 a1 4d

nth Term:

an a1 n 1 d

Formula for the nth term of an ARITHMETIC


sequence.

an a1 n 1 d
I
f we
an The nth term
know
three
an y
o
a1 The 1st term
ough f these
we
t to b
to fin
e ab
n The term number
le
d th e
fourt
h
.
d The common difference

Given: 79, 75, 71, 67, 63, . . .


Find: a32
IDENTIFY

a1 79
d 4
n 32

SOLVE

an a1 n 1 d

a32 79 32 1 4
a32 45

Given: 79, 75, 71, 67, 63, . . .


Find: What term number is -169?
IDENTIFY

a1 79
d 4
an 169

SOLVE

an a1 n 1 d

169 79 n 1 4
n 63

Given:

a10 3.25

Find: a1

a12 4.25

Whats the real question?

IDENTIFY

a1 3.25
a3 4.25
n3

The Difference

SOLVE

an a1 n 1 d

4.25 3.25 3 1 d
d 0.5

Given:

a10 3.25

Find: a1

a12 4.25

IDENTIFY

a10 3.25
d 0.5
n 10

SOLVE

an a1 n 1 d

3.25 a1 10 1 0.5
a1 1.25

Arithmetic
Series

Write the
first thre
e terms
last two
and the
terms of
the follow
arithmet
ing
ic series
.
50

73 2 p 71 69 67 . . . 25 27
p 1

f
o
m
u
s
e
h
t
s
i
t
a
h
W
?
s
e
i
r
e
this s

71 69 67 . . . 25 27

27 25 . . . 67 69 71
44 44 44 . . . 44 44 44
50 Terms

50 71 27
2

1100

71 + (-27) Each sum


is the same.

a1 a1 d a1 2d . . . a1 n 1 d

a n 1 d . . . a
1

a a n 1 d a
1

n a1 an

2d a1 d a1

a1 n 1 d

. . . a
1

a1 n 1 d

S Sum
n Number of Terms
a1 First Term
an Last Term

Find the sum of the terms of this


arithmetic series. 35
29 3k

n a1 an
k 1

n 35
a1 26
a35 76

35 26 76
S
2
S 875

Find the sum of the terms of this arithmetic


151 147 143 139 . . . 5
series.

n a1 an
S
2

n 40
a1 151
a40 5

What term is -5?

an a1 n 1 d

5 151 n 1 4
n 40

40 151 5
S
2
S 2920

f
o
m
u
s
e
th
r
fo
la
u
m
r
fo
Alternate
.
s
ie
r
e
S
c
ti
e
m
h
it
r
A
n
a
Substitute an a1 n 1 d

n a1 an
S
2
S
S

n a1 a1 n 1 d
2
n 2a1 n 1 d
2

n # of Terms

a1 1st Term
d Difference

36

Find the sum of this series

2.25 0.75 j
j 0

2.25 3 3.73 4.5 . . .


S

n 2a1 n 1 d

n 37

It is not con
venient to fi
nd
the last term
.

37 2 2.25 37 1 0.75

a1 2.25

d 0.75

S 582.75

35

45 5i
n a1 an
S
2
n 35 a1 40 an 130

35 40 130
S
2
S 1575

i 1

n 2a1 n 1 d
2

n 35 a1 40 d 5

35 2 40 35 1 3

S 1575

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