LTE System
Overview
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Copyright 2010 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.
Objectives
Upon completion of this course, you will be able to:
Describe LTE development and features
Outline LTE network architecture
Explain LTE key technologies
Describe LTE protocol and channel
Describe LTE deployment
Copyright 2010 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.
Page2
Contents
1. LTE System Overview
2. LTE Key Technologies
3. LTE Protocol and Channels
4. LTE Deployment
Copyright 2010 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.
Page3
Contents
1. LTE System Overview
2. LTE Key Technologies
3. LTE Protocol and Channels
4. LTE Deployment
Copyright 2010 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.
Page4
Contents
1. LTE System Overview
1.1 LTE Development
1.2 LTE Network Architecture
1.3 LTE Operating Bands and Channel Bandwidths
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Page5
3G Long Term Evolution--LTE
DL: ~141Mbps
UL: ~50Mbps
~150 ms
LTE in R8
DL: ~42Mbps
UL: ~11Mbps
~100 ms
HSPA+ in R7/R8
DL: ~14.4Mbps
UL: ~5.76Mbps
HSPA in R5/R6
~70 ms
DL: ~384Kbps
UL: ~384Kbps
~45 ms
DL: ~144-360Kbps
UL: ~144-360Kbps
3G-WCDMA in
R99/R4
~20ms
GPRS/EDGE
Year 2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012 or later
LTE is the next step in the evolution of 3GPP Radio Interfaces to deliver Global
Mobile Broadband.
Copyright 2010 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.
Page6
Drivers for LTE
There are at least three major key drivers for LTE mobile
broadband networks:
Demand for higher data-rates
increasing device capabilities, growing mobile data consumption
New spectrum allocation
Maintaining operator profitability while continued cost reduction and
competitiveness.
Copyright 2010 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.
Page7
Contents
1. LTE System Overview
1.1 LTE Development
1.2 LTE Network Architecture
1.3 LTE Operating Bands and Channel Bandwidths
Copyright 2010 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.
Page8
LTE Network Architecture
E-UTRAN (Evolved Universal Terrestrial Radio Access
Network)
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Page9
LTE/SAE Network Architecture - cont.
SAE
SGSN
EPS (Evolved Packet System)
Gb
GPRS
BTS
BSC/PCU
Control plane
User plane
Iu
S3
S6d
HSS
PCRF
S6a
S10
S9
UMTS
NodeB
MME
RNC
S12
Operator Service
Network
S4
Gx
S11
S1-MME
S5/8
S1-U
E-UTRAN
eNodeB
Serving GW
A10/A11
SGi
PDN GW
Corporate
Internet
S2a
cdma2000
BTS
BSC
PDSN
Copyright 2010 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.
Internet
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Contents
1. LTE System Overview
1.1 LTE Development
1.2 LTE Network Architecture
1.3 LTE Operating Bands and Channel Bandwidths
Copyright 2010 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.
Page11
LTE Operating Bands
LTE supports both FDD mode and TDD mode.
3GPP defines many bands for LTE.
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Page12
LTE Channel Bandwidths
LTE must support the international wireless market and
regional spectrum regulations and spectrum availability. To
this end the specifications include variable channel
bandwidths selectable from 1.4 to 20 MHz, with subcarrier
spacing of 15 kHz.
Channel bandwidth
BWChannel [MHz]
1.4
10
15
20
Transmission
bandwidth
configuration NRB
15
25
50
75
100
NRB is the number of resource
blocks
Copyright 2010 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.
Page13
Contents
1. LTE System Overview
2. LTE Key Technologies
3. LTE Protocol and Channels
4. LTE Deployment
Copyright 2010 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.
Page14
LTE Key Technologies
OFDMA: Orthogonal frequency division multiple access
SC-FDMA: Single carrier-frequency division multiple
access
MIMO: Multiple input multiple output
64QAM
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Page15
Multiple access technology in the
downlink: OFDM and OFDMA
OFDMA is used as multiple access technology in downlink.
OFDMA is a variant of orthogonal frequency division multiplexing
(OFDM), a digital multi-carrier modulation scheme.
OFDM signal represented in frequency and time
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Page16
Multiple access technology in the
downlink: OFDM and OFDMA (cont.)
OFMDA incorporates elements of time division multiple access
(TDMA).
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Page17
Downlink OFDM Implementation
s(t)
S/P
IFFT
Add
Cyclic
Prefix
P/S
Transmitter
Channel
n(t)
Receiver
r(t)
P/S
FFT
Remove
Cyclic
Prefix
Copyright 2010 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.
S/P
Page18
Downlink OFDM Implementation (cont.)
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Page19
Multiple access technology in the uplink:
SC-FDMA
The high peak-to-average ratio (PAR) associated with OFDM led
3GPP to look for a different transmission scheme for the LTE
uplink.
SC-FDMA is used in uplink as multiple access technology.
Copyright 2010 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.
Page20
Comparison of OFDMA and SC-FDMA
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Page21
Overview of MIMO
MIMO: Multiple Input Multiple Output
Transmitter
Wireless
Channel
Channel Condition Feedback
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Page22
Receiver
What can MIMO provide?
Here is a example for 2*2 MIMO.
Data Stream 1
Transmitter
Wireless Channel
Receiver
Data Stream 2
Channel Condition Feedback
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Page23
LTE Multiple Antenna Scheme
In downlink LTE can use 2*2 or higher order MIMO to increase
date rate.
In uplink MU-MIMO (multi-user MIMO) can be used to double
uplink capacity.
With MU-MIMO the uplink peak data rate of single user can not be
doubled.
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Page24
AMC & 64QAM
AMC, Adaptive Modulation and Coding
the radio-link data rate is controlled by adjusting the
modulation scheme and/or the channel coding rate
DL/UL modulations: QPSK, 16QAM, and 64QAM
Copyright 2010 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.
Page25
Contents
1. LTE System Overview
2. LTE Key Technologies
3. LTE Protocol and Channels
4. LTE Deployment
Copyright 2010 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.
Page26
Contents
3. LTE Protocol Stacks and Channels
3.1 LTE Protocol Stacks
3.2 LTE Channels
3.3 LTE Radio Frame
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Page27
Functional Split between E-UTRAN and
EPC
eNB
Inter Cell RRM
RB Control
Connection Mobility Cont.
MME
Radio Admission Control
NAS Security
eNB Measurement
Configuration & Provision
Idle State Mobility
Handling
Dynamic Resource
Allocation (Scheduler)
EPS Bearer Control
RRC
PDCP
S-GW
P-GW
RLC
Mobility
Anchoring
MAC
UE IP address
allocation
S1
PHY
Packet Filtering
internet
E-UTRAN
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EPC
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Radio Interface Protocol Architecture
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Page30
Radio Interface Protocol Architecture (cont.)
UE
eNB
MME
NAS
UE
eNB
NAS
RRC
RRC
PDCP
PDCP
PDCP
PDCP
RLC
RLC
RLC
RLC
MAC
MAC
MAC
MAC
PHY
PHY
PHY
PHY
User-plane protocol stack
Control-plane protocol stack
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Page31
LTE Physical Channel
DL
Physical Broadcast Channel (PBCH)
Physical Control Format Indicator Channel (PCFICH)
Physical Downlink Control Channel (PDCCH)
Physical Hybrid ARQ Indicator Channel (PHICH)
Physical Downlink Shared Channel (PDSCH)
Physical Multicast Channel (PMCH)
UL
Physical Uplink Control Channel (PUCCH)
Physical Uplink Shared Channel (PUSCH)
Physical Random Access Channel (PRACH)
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Page32
LTE Transport Channel
Physical layer transport channels offer information transfer to medium
access control (MAC) and higher layers
DL
Broadcast Channel (BCH)
Downlink Shared Channel (DL-SCH)
Paging Channel (PCH)
Multicast Channel (MCH)
UL
Uplink Shared Channel (UL-SCH)
Random Access Channel (RACH)
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Page33
LTE Logical Channel
Logical channels are offered by the MAC layer
Control Channels: Control-plane information
Broadcast Control Channel (BCCH)
Paging Control Channel (PCCH)
Dedicated Control Channel (DCCH)
Multicast Control Channel (MCCH Dedicated Control Channel)
Common Control Channel (CCCH)
Traffic Channels: User-plane information
Dedicated Traffic Channel (DTCH): transmission of all uplink and nonMBMS downlink user data
Multicast Traffic Channel (MTCH): transmission of MBMS services
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Page35
Channel Mappings
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Page36
Frame Structure
FDD frame structure
TDD frame structure
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Page37
Resource Grid
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Page38
Bandwidth Configuration
Copyright 2010 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.
Page39
Contents
1. LTE System Overview
2. LTE Key Technologies
3. LTE Protocol and Channels
4. LTE Deployment
Copyright 2010 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.
Page40
LTE Network Composition
LTE
SAE
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Page41
LTE Network Transport
eNB
100/1000Base-T, RJ45
100Base-FX/1000Base-X,
SM or MM Fiber, SFPbased connector
IP
MAC
PHY
RNC/BSC
FE/GE
FE/GE
IP/Ethernet
Network
FE/GE o/e
Legacy
2G/3G
FE/GE
SAE GW
/PDN GW
eNB
eN
B
FE/GE
FE/GE
Co-transmission with legacy 2G/3G
Co-transmission for Multi-mode base station
eNB
eNB
FE/GE
eNB
BTS/Node B
FE/GE
FE/GE
eNB Daisy-chaining with integrated IP switching
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Page42
eNodeB 3900 Series
eNB
Modularization
1
RRU/RFU
2
BBU
uniNodeB
3
Platform
Modularization
GSM/TD-SCDMA/WCDMA/CDMA/LTE Unified All-IP Base Station Architecture
Using BBU plus RRU and RFU leads to a flexible configuration for Distributed and
Macro.
Multimode
Modularization Supports Different Modes
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Page43
Smooth evolution to LTE
GSM / UMTS / HSPA(14.4M/5.76M) /
HSPA+(28M/11.5M)
LTE (100M/50M)
Different band
Same band
Software upgrade
RRU
GSM/HSPA(+)/LTE RRU
LTE RRU
Adding LTE RRU
LTE Card
BBU
Same band
Software upgrade
BBU
Cabinet-based Node B
Different band
GSM/HSPA(+)/LTE RFU
LTE RFU
BBU
Adding LTE RFU
LTE Card
Investment protection while evolving from GSM/UMTS to LTE
Radio units for GSM/UMTS and LTE are inter-changeable in the same frequency band
Baseband boards in multi-mode BBU are inter-changeable between GSM/UMTS and LTE
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Page44
Flexible evolution for Cabinet NodeB
UUU
+++
HHH
UMTS/HSPA
rollout
GGG GGG
SSS S S S
MMMMMM
GSM
update/rollout
UMTS<E operator
U UU L L L
+++ TTT
H HH E E E
LTE for high speed
mobile broadband
GSM&UMTS operator
UMTS roll out will
reduce GSM
U U U G GG
expansion
+ + + SSS
investment at H H H
MMM
hot spot
UMTS/HSPA + LTE
convergence
LLLLLL
TTTTTT
EEEEEE
Reuse GSM
frequency resource
for LTE
LTE for mobile
broadband
UMTS/HSPA + GSM
GSM for Voice
HSPA/LTE for
Data network
Operator issue
New business
ALL IP service
LTE
G GG L L L
SSS T TT
MMM E E E
Operator issue
New business
ALL IP service
GSM + LTE Data
network convergence
Copyright 2010 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.
Page45
Summary
Standardization in the form of 3GPP Release 8
Support for both FDD and TDD.
Flexible spectrum allocation (1.4 ~ 20 MHz).
IP-based flat network architecture
Multicarrier-based radio air interface
OFDMA and SC-FDMA
Multi-input multi-output (MIMO)
Adaptive modulation and coding
DL modulations: QPSK, 16QAM, and 64QAM
UL modulations: QPSK, 16QAM, and 64QAM
ARQ within RLC sublayer and Hybrid ARQ within MAC sublayer
Copyright 2010 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.
Page46
LTE Standard Specifications
Freely downloadable from
http://www.3gpp.org/ftp/Specs/archive/36_series/
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Page47
Thank you
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