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Operating System

An operating system is a software program that enables communication between computer hardware and software. It provides an interface for users, hides complexities of the hardware, allows for efficient parallel processing, protects information, and acts as a control program. The key components of an operating system are the kernel which manages core system resources like memory and processes, the shell which allows user interaction, and the file system which organizes files in a hierarchical structure. Operating systems enable features like multiprogramming to improve CPU utilization and multiprocessing to leverage multiple processors. They can also be distributed across networked systems to share computational tasks. Common examples of operating systems include Unix, Linux, MS-DOS, and various Windows versions.

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Mandeep Singh
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29 views

Operating System

An operating system is a software program that enables communication between computer hardware and software. It provides an interface for users, hides complexities of the hardware, allows for efficient parallel processing, protects information, and acts as a control program. The key components of an operating system are the kernel which manages core system resources like memory and processes, the shell which allows user interaction, and the file system which organizes files in a hierarchical structure. Operating systems enable features like multiprogramming to improve CPU utilization and multiprocessing to leverage multiple processors. They can also be distributed across networked systems to share computational tasks. Common examples of operating systems include Unix, Linux, MS-DOS, and various Windows versions.

Uploaded by

Mandeep Singh
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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OPERATING SYSTEMS.

Operating System
(Definition): An
operating system, or
OS, is a software
program that enables
the computer hardware
to communicate and
operate with the
computer software.
2

WHAT IS AN OPERATING SYSTEM ?


An interface between users and hardware - an

environment "architecture

Allows convenient usage; hides the tedious stuff.


Allows efficient usage; parallel activity, avoids

wasted cycles.

Provides information protection.


Acts as a control program.

OPERATING SYSTEM
OVERVIEW
Humans

Program
Interface
User Programs
O.S. Interface
O.S.
Hardware Interface
Disk/Tape/Memory
4

Components.
The kernel, which represents the operating

system's basic functions such as management of


memory, processes, files, main inputs/outputs and
communication functionalities.
The shell, allowing communication with the
operating system via a control language, letting the
user control the peripherals without knowing the
characteristics of the hardware used, management
of physical addresses, etc.
The file system, allowing files to be recorded in a
tree structure.
5

Features of an
OS:
Multiprogramming: increases CPU utilization by

organizing jobs so that the CPU always has one


to execute. The OS keeps several jobs in memory
simultaneously.
O.S
job 1
job 2
job 3
job 4

Job Pool

Multiprocessor Systems: (also known as

parallel systems or tightly coupled


systems)
Such systems have more than one
processor in close communication, sharing
the computer bus, the clock, and
sometimes memory and peripheral devices.

Distributed Systems: distributed systems

based on networking for their functionality. By


being able to communicate, distributed are
able to share computational tasks, and
provide a rich set of features to users.
(LAN,WAN,MAN are used in distributions)

Examples are:
Unix
Linux
MS-DOS
Windows 98
Windows XP
Windows vista
Windows 7

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