IAS Conversion Document Mar12 Lcci
IAS Conversion Document Mar12 Lcci
IAS Conversion Document Mar12 Lcci
com
+44 (0) 2476 518951 www.lcci.org.uk
Contents
1
Introduction
First Level
1.1 Terminology
Format of the Income
1.2 Statement and Statement of
Financial Position
1.4 Summary
Second Level
2.1 Preface
2.2 Partnerships
10
11
2.6
Statement of Comprehensive
Income
2.7 Summary
11
11
Third Level
3.1 Preface
3.2 Terminology
3.3
Accounting treatment of
goodwill
12
12
12
Format of Consolidated
Income Statement and
3.4
Consolidated Statement of
Financial Position
13
14
15
3.7 Summary
15
Fourth Level
4.1 Preface
16
4.2
Components of financial
statements
16
4.3
16
4.4
Statement of Comprehensive
Income
17
4.5
Statement of Changes in
Equity
17
18
20
Introduction
The International Accounting Standards (IAS) and the International Financial Reporting Standards (FRS)
are widely used throughout the world. Since 2001, almost 120 countries have required or permitted the
use of IFRS. All remaining major economies have established time lines to converge with or adopt IFRS in
the near future.
1. First Level
1.1 Terminology
UK
IAS
Fixed Assets
Non-current Assets
Stock
Inventory
Trade Debtors
Trade Receivables
Prepayments
Other Receivables
Trade Creditors
Trade Payables
Accruals
Other Payables
Income Statement
Sales
Revenue
Balance Sheet
Carrying Amount
Current Liabilities
Non-current Liabilities
Loan Note
Revenue
18,300
2,200
Add Purchases
13,100
Peter Piper
Statement of Financial Position at
31 March 20x0
4,560
Motor vehicles
2,500
7,060
15,300
Current Assets
(2,100) 13,200
Inventories
Gross profit
5,100
Less Expenses:
4,200
Other receivables
150
1,000
Cash
1,500
Total Assets
1,300
Sundry expenses
Profit for the year
70
6,520
13,580
Capital
50
200
2,100
Trade receivables
Motor expenses
Loan interest
Non-cuurent Assets
(4,050)
1,050
Opening balance
4,150
1,050
5,200
( 400 )
Less Drawings
4,800
Non-current Liabilities
Bank loan
5,000
Current Liabilities
Trade payables
2,400
Other payables
400
Bank overdraft
980
3,780
13,580
1.4 Summary
The impact of international accounting standards at this level is mainly presentational. Candidates
preparing accounts under recognisable formats will not be penalised as IAS does not apply to sole traders.
However, candidates wishing to progress to higher levels would be encouraged to use these formats.
2. Second Level
2.1 Preface
Practices and principles raised at the First Level will be relevant at the Second Level, reflecting the
cumulative requirements of the LCCI syllabuses.
2.2 Partnerships
2.2.1 Terminology
UK
IAS
Balance Sheet
Revenue
18,300
Non-cuurent Assets
4,560
Opening inventory
2,200
Motor vehicles
2,500
Add Purchases
13,100
7,060
15,300
Current Assets
(2,100) 13,200
Inventories
Gross profit
5,100
Less Expenses:
Trade receivables
4,200
Other receivables
150
Motor expenses
1,000
Cash
1,500
Total Assets
1,300
Loan interest
Sundry expenses
Profit for the year
70
6,520
13,580
Capital Accounts
50
200
2,100
(4,050)
Peter
1,550
1,050
Pope
1,550
3,100
Interest on Drawing
Peter
100
Pope
50
150
1,200
( 500 )
Salary-Pope
Current Accounts
Peter
1,000
Pope
700
4,800
Interest on capital
Peter
100
Pope
100
( 200 )
500
Share of Profits
1,700
Non-current Liabilities
Bank loan
5,000
Current Liabilities
250
250
( 500 )
Trade payables
2,400
Other payables
400
Bank overdraft
980
3,780
13,580
UK GAAP
IAS equivalent
Private Company
Public Company
Ordinary shares
Equity shares
Retained earnings
2.3.1 Terminology
UK GAAP
IAS equivalent
Hill Traders
Income Statement for the year ended
31 March 20x0
$
Revenue
18,300
Non-current Assets
17,600
Opening inventory
2,200
Motor vehicles
2,500
Add Purchases
13,100
20,100
15,300
Current Assets
(2,100) 13,200
Inventories
Gross profit
5,100
Less Expenses:
Trade receivables
4,200
Other receivables
150
Motor expenses
1,000
Cash
1,500
Total Assets
1,300
Loan interest
Less: Sundry expenses
Profit for the year
50
200
(4,050)
1,050
2,100
70
6,520
26,620
10,000
Share premium
5,000
Retained earnings
4,000
Equity
19,000
Non-current Liabilities
Bank loan
3,000
Current Liabilities
Trade payables
2,400
Other payables
400
Bank overdraft
1,820
4,620
26,620
Dividends paid by limited companies are no longer reported in the Income Statement. They are included
in the Statement of Changes in Equity, as shown in 2.5. Only dividends paid before the yearend are
included.
The Statement of Changes in Equity reports information about the increase/decrease in net assets or
wealth of equity shareholders. The items that are likely to appear in the Statement of Changes in Equity at
this level are:
Profit for the year
Additional shares issued during the year
Dividends paid during the year
Transfers between reserves (for example , transfer from retained earnings to general reserve)
2.3.5 Format of the Statement of Changes in Equity of
companies
Trotters
Statement of Changes in Equity
For the year ended 31 March 20x0
10
Balance at 1 April
Share
capital
Share
Premium
Retained
earning
General
reserve
Total
equity
$000
$000
$000
$000
$000
1,000
200
500
100
1,800
200
200
(200)
Transfers
Profit for the period
Dividends
Balance at 31 March
1,200
200
200
600
600
(300)
(300)
600
300
2,300
2.7 Summary
Changes at this level are mainly presentational and specific formats only apply to company accounts.
However, once again, candidates wishing to progress to higher levels would be encouraged to become
used to the formats.
11
3. Third Level
3.1 Preface
Practices and principles raised at the First and Second Levels will be relevant at the Third Level, reflecting
the cumulative requirements of the LCCI syllabi.
3.2 Terminology
UK
IAS
Minority interest
Non-controlling interest
12
Goodwill arising from the acquisition of a subsidiary is not amortised. After the initial measurement and
recognition, the group is expected to measure the goodwill at cost less any accumulated impairment
losses since acquisition. The goodwill impairment loss should be charged to the Income Statement.
Negative goodwill should be credited to the Income Statement. It does not appear in the Consolidated
Statement of Financial Position.
Revenue
18,300
Non-cuurent Assets
Cost of sales
13,200
Goodwill
5,000
17,600
Motor vehicles
2,500
Gross profit
5,100
1,200
1,000
(2,200 )
2,900
1,100
4,000
500
3,500
25,100
Current Assets
Inventories
2,100
Trade receivables
4,200
Other receivables
150
Cash
70
Total Assets
Profit attributable to:
Owners of the Parent
Non-controlling interest
6,520
31,620
$
3,200
300
3,500
$
10,000
Share premium
5,000
Retained earnings
2,000
17,000
Non-controlling Interest
1,000
Equity
18,000
Non-current Liabilities
Redeemable preferred share
capital
Bank loan
5,100
5,000
10,100
Current Liabilities
Trade payables
1,400
Other payables
400
Bank overdraft
1,720
3,520
31,620
13
IAS 7 requires reporting of cash flows to be shown under three headings. These are Operating activities;
investing activities and Financing activities.
Whellars
Statement of Cash flows for the year ended 31 March 20x1
$
7,600
Adjustments for:
Depreciation of non-current assets
120
Interest expense
10
Investment income
Operating profit before working capital changes
Decrease in trade receivables
7,718
4,210
Increase in inventories
( 1,100 )
( 1,800 ) 1,310
9,028
Interest paid
14
12
80
8,948
(4,000 )
1,400
Interest received
300
Dividends received
200
(2,100 )
100
200
Dividends paid
Net cash used in financing activities
( 400 )
( 100 )
6,748
1,200
7,948
The example is designed to show the possibilities likely in an LCCI examination and contains more figures
than a typical question. However, as in previous sittings, examiners may ask for separate calculations of
the cash flow from operating activities, cash flow from investing activities and cash flow from financing
activities.
Inventories are valued at the lower of cost and net realisable value. Costs include purchase cost,
conversion costs and other costs incurred in bringing the inventory to its present location and condition.
No different from the UK standards.
Cash flows are reported under three main headings: operating activities, investing activities and financing
activities
Tangible non-current assets are assets that have a physical substance and are held for use in the
production or supply of goods or services, for rental to others or for administrative purposes and
are expected to be utilised in more than one reporting year. A tangible non-current asset should be
depreciated over its useful economic life. No different from the UK standards.
Consolidated financial statements are financial statements of a group (parent and subsidiary) presented
as those of a single entity. Non-controlling interests are reported in equity in the Consolidated Statement
of Financial Position. This standard will be superseded by IFRS 10 from 2013.
Goodwill arising from consolidation is measured as the difference between the cost (fair value of
the purchase consideration) of an acquired entity and the aggregate of the fair values of the entitys
identifiable assets and liabilities. No different to the UK standards.
3.7 Summary
Changes at this level are once again mainly presentational, most notably with regards to the Statement of
Cash Flow.
15
4. Fourth Level
4.1 Preface
The issues raised in the First, Second and Third Levels will be relevant at the Fourth Level, reflecting as
such, the cumulative requirements of LCCI syllabi.
16
4.4.1 Minimum Information required on the Statement of
Comprehensive Income
The minimum information on the face of the statement of comprehensive Income required by IAS 1
includes:
Revenue
Finance costs
Profit or loss for the period
Each component of other comprehensive income classified by nature
Total comprehensive income
Profit or loss attributable to non-controlling
Profit or loss attributable to equity holders of the parent company
Total comprehensive income attributable to non-controlling interests
Total comprehensive income attributable to the parent company
17
4.6.1 Statement of
Comprehensive Income
classifying expenses by
function
Hayes Metals
Statement of Comprehensive Income
for the year ended 31 March 20x0
$
Revenue
18,300
Cost of sales
13,200
Gross Profit
5,100
1,200
1,000
(2,200 )
2,900
1,000
3,900
Finance costs
( 200 )
3,700
18
4.6.2 Statement of
Comprehensive Income
classifying expenses by
nature
1,000
4,700
Hayes Metals
Statement of Comprehensive Income
for the year ended 31 March 20x0
$
Revenue
$
18,300
1,000
1,500
1,000
3,500
21,800
3,000
Staff costs
5,000
6,900
3,000
(17,900 )
3,900
( 200 )
3,700
1,000
4,700
Revenue
18,300
Cost of sales
13,200
Gross Profit
5,100
1,200
1,000
(2,200 )
2,900
1,100
4,000
( 600 )
3,400
200
3,600
3,100
300
3,400
3,250
350
3,600
Questions at this level would not combine group accounts with the presentation of accounts in
accordance with IAS 1, although candidates would be expected to prepare their answers in a clear and
well-presented way.
19
Accounting policies
Accounting policies are specific principles, bases, conventions and practices used by an entity in preparing
and presenting its financial statements. They explain the way a firm treats items within its financial
statements.
Changes in accounting policies
Accounting policies should only be changed where a new accounting standard requires such a change or
where the new policy will result in more relevant and reliable information being presented.
Changes in accounting estimates
An example of a change in accounting estimate is a change in the percentage used to estimate allowance
for doubtful debts. The effect of the change is recognised in the income statement for the year in which
the change takes place. Another example of a change in accounting estimate is a change in the useful
economic life of an asset.
Prior period errors
A prior period error is where an error has occurred even though reliable information was available when
those financial statements were authorised for issue. Examples are mathematical errors, mistakes in
applying accounting policies, misinterpretation of facts and fraud.
20
IAS 10 with events that occur between the year-end date and the date the financial statements are
authorised for issue by the directors. The events that occur are either adjusting events or non-adjusting
events. Adjusting events are those that provide evidence about conditions that existed at the end of
the reporting date. Non-adjusting events are those that are indicative of conditions that arose after the
reporting date.
There are minor differences between IAS 11 and SSAP 9, but they will not affect examination questions set
at this level.
4.7.4 IAS 16 Accounting for property, plant and
equipment
IAS 16 deals with the recognition of non-current assets, initial measurement, subsequent measurement
and depreciation. There are no major differences between IAS 16 and FRS 15, the equivalent UK standard.
Grants must not be recognised until conditions have been complied with and there is reasonable
certainty that the grant will be received (prudence). Government grants received must be matched with
expenditure for which the grant is intended (accruals). This standard is not materially different from the
equivalent UK standard.
Intangible non-current assets are identifiable non-monetary assets that do not have a physical substance.
IAS 38 deals with all intangible non-current assets, including development expenditure. Under SSAP 13
development expenditure may be capitalised after certain conditions have been satisfied. However, under
IAS 38, development expenditure must be capitalised after certain conditions have been satisfied.
21