TV Sectors

TV Sectors
Public Ownership: Public Ownership is funded by the government with what is known
as the TV License.
Its shows are designed around the public therefor there is a wide variety of
different shows to suit different people meaning a huge amount of audiences
will watch different shows targeted at them. BBC is targeted at all audiences so
the TV shows seen on the channel will be mixed and have different target
audiences for each TV show.
Although more people are willing to subscribe to and pay companies (e.g.
'Virgin Media' and 'Sky') instead of a TV license that funds only one Channel.
This may mean that the TV License could be scrapped.
Example(s):
British Broadcasting Corporation (BBC)
Private Ownership: Private ownership is a private company funded by

advertising. Because the company is private, it means that the company appeases the
company shareholders rather than the publics interest. This means that the
company can chose what to air and has more control over their production.
Private ownership has more diverse channels as they are usually only directed
at one type of audience this means that the advertisements on these channels
will be different other channels so that they are their target market or
audience group.
An advantage of Private ownership is that as its run on only advertising funds
as there are numerous companies are wanting to advertise products, media
(music, films), brands or charities on TV channels. For the more popular TV
shows and channels, it costs more money to advertise at these times and this
means the more money the Channel earns the more shows can be funded.
A disadvantage of private ownership is that the public can spend more money
on research to find out information such as what would be popular before
even funding a show. However for a private channel, if they liked a show they
may fund a show without the input of the public which could mean the show
fails and would need to be cancelled.
Example(s):
Sky
ITV (Interactive Television)
Multinational: Multinational television channels are channels that are

transmitted across several countries.
Multinational channels are digital cable and satellite television networks in
numerous countries for example the British Broadcasting Corporation
(BBC) also transmit BBC America and BBC Canada. BBC America are jointly
owned by the BBC Worldwide and AMC Networks. AMC Networks produce
programming and movie content and also operates BBC AMERICA through a
joint venture with BBC Worldwide.
Unlike the domestic channels of the BBC in the United Kingdom, BBC America
does not receive funding from the UK license fee, as the BBC cannot fund any
channels that arent available in the United Kingdom. Therefore, BBC America
operates as an advertiser-supported channel just as privately owned
companies do. It is also funded by cable and satellite TV subscription fees.
Multinational companies are can be distributed worldwide via satellite or
cable. Due to Internet TV and streaming, some local channels may have
worldwide distribution.
Example(s):
BBC America & BBC Canada
Music Television (MTV)
Conglomerates: A conglomerate is corporation that is made from many

different, businesses. A conglomerate is a company that is made up of diverse,
seemingly unconnected businesses. In a conglomerate, one company owns a
supervisory stake in these smaller companies, which all manage business
separately.
For Example, Warner brothers studios air both TV and film yet they manage a
movie production studio, a theme park resorts, a broadcast television network,
Cable channels, News, political, business channels, national sports networks, a
Record label and Publishing.
Example(s):
Warner Brother Studios
Vertical Integration: Vertical Integration is when companies expand to

different stages of production or distribution in the same industry.
When a company expands its business into areas that are at different points on
the same production path, an example of this is when a manufacturer buys and
then owns its supplies. Vertical integration helps these companies reduce their
costs and improve efficiency.
A process of vertical integration is when a large company takes over a smaller,
independent company for example in 2015 ITV confirmed the 100m purchase
of TalkSport, owner UTV Medias television channels in Northern Ireland and
the Republic. Another example of a vertical integration is Sky TV as it
expanded their industry from a broadcast satellite to distribution of their own
products, they are in charge of their online shop selling things such as sky
shop. Sky Store is part of Skys on demand services that gives people access
to thousands of movies to buy and rent.
Example(s):
Sky TV
British Broadcasting Corporation (BBC)
Warner Brothers
Horizontal Integration: Horizontal integration is when companies merge that

are at the same stage of production in the same or different industries.
Horizontal integration, that is the merging of companies across multiple
industries that are the same or different. Owning many media outlets that air
similar content, is considered to be productive, since it can be done easily, and
involves only slight changes of format that can be used in multiple media
forms.
For Example, in 1990 Sky Television merged with British Satellite Broadcasting
(BSB), merging is a part of horizontal integration. As both companies had
begun to struggle financially and were suffering financial losses as competitors,
both vying for viewers. Because of this merger they formed British Sky
Broadcasting that later changed to their current company name, Sky.
Example(s):
British Sky Broadcasting (BskyB)
Cross Media: Media cross-ownership is the ownership of multiple media

businesses by a person or corporation.
Examples of the types of businesses in the media industry include broadcast
and cable TV, film, radio, newspaper, magazine, book publishing, music and
video games. Cross media ownership mean that the companies can diversify
into more than one media area. An Advantage of cross media ownership is
reduced costs. Cross media expands a company and larger companies have
more power to produce products at a reduced cost. This means that they can
sell these products at a lower cost, or gain a higher profit. Another advantage
is a wider distribution market, these markets are increased which means a
larger audience contributing to a larger profit.
Although, a disadvantage of cross media ownership is bad press. For example,
as these companies expand, the media uses its persuasive power, and its
content bias, or restricted. This has caused campaigns for press freedom,
which caused the issue to be raised in parliament in 2008, and caused an
investigation. They concluded then that any future merges needed to be
carefully scrutinised by the government.
However, there are few regulations in place to prevent cross media in the UK.
At the moment ownership is only regulated if a newspaper owner possesses
more than 20% of total circulation, for example Murdoch's News Corporation
cannot own more than 20% of ITV. This is in result to bias.
Example(s):
Time warner:
HBO HBO, Cinemax, HBO Independent Productions, HBO Multiplexes, HBO
on Demand, Cinemax Multiplexes, Cinemax on Demand, HBO Video, HBO
Domestic and International Program Distribution, HBO Films, HBO Miniseries,
HBO Sports, HBO Entertainment, HBO Documentary Films, HBO International.
Warner Bros. Entertainment Inc. - Warner Bros. Consumer Products,

Warner Bros. Theatre Ventures, Warner Bros. Pictures International, Warner
Bros. International Cinemas, DC Entertainment.
Warner Bros. Television Group - Warner Bros. Television, Warner

Horizon Television, Warner Bros. Television Distribution, Warner Bros.
International Television, Shed Media, Eyeworks, Telepictures
Productions, Alloy Entertainment, The CW Television Network (50%
with CBS Corporation), The CW Plus, The CW Daytime, Warner Bros.
Animation, Warner Bros. Cartoons, Hanna Barbera, Looney Tunes,
Kids' WB!, The WB
Media ownership: Also known as media consolidation or media

convergence, media ownership is a process whereby progressively fewer
individuals or organizations control increasing shares of the mass media.
Share of ownership is when one type of communications such as newspapers,
film or TV broadcasters, owns or is the sister company of another type of
medium in the media industry. Another is when a two companies share
ownership of a channel or company. For example The CW Television Network
is owned equally by both the CBS Corporation and Warner Brothers.
Example(s):
The CW (owned by CBS and WB)

TV Sectors

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TV Sectors

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TV Sectors

Private Ownership: Private ownership is a private company funded by

Multinational: Multinational television channels are channels that are

Conglomerates: A conglomerate is corporation that is made from many

Vertical Integration: Vertical Integration is when companies expand to

Horizontal Integration: Horizontal integration is when companies merge that

Cross Media: Media cross-ownership is the ownership of multiple media

Warner Bros. Entertainment Inc. - Warner Bros. Consumer Products,

Warner Bros. Television Group - Warner Bros. Television, Warner

Media ownership: Also known as media consolidation or media

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