Scribd
Upload
129 views17 pages

Acids III Calculations

The document provides examples of calculating pH when mixing strong acids and bases or multiple acids. Example 11a shows mixing strong acid HCl and strong base Ca(OH)2 results in a final pH of 13.10. Example 12 shows mixing two strong acids HCl and HNO3 gives a final pH of 0.331. Example 15 calculates the pH of sulfuric acid solutions of varying molarity, with pH values of 1.70, 0.68, and -0.30 for 0.020M, 0.20M, and 2.0M H2SO4 respectively.

Uploaded by

jnv jnecionw
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
129 views17 pages

Acids III Calculations

The document provides examples of calculating pH when mixing strong acids and bases or multiple acids. Example 11a shows mixing strong acid HCl and strong base Ca(OH)2 results in a final pH of 13.10. Example 12 shows mixing two strong acids HCl and HNO3 gives a final pH of 0.331. Example 15 calculates the pH of sulfuric acid solutions of varying molarity, with pH values of 1.70, 0.68, and -0.30 for 0.020M, 0.20M, and 2.0M H2SO4 respectively.

Uploaded by

jnv jnecionw
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 17

SOME pH CALCULATIONS

STRONG ACID + STRONG BASE


EXAMPLE 11a: 50ml of 0.70M HCl is mixed with 150 ml of 0.20M Ca(OH)2.
What is the final pH?

SOME pH CALCULATIONS
STRONG ACID + STRONG BASE
EXAMPLE 11a: 50ml of 0.70M HCl is mixed with 150 ml of 0.20M Ca(OH)2.
What is the final pH?

50ml
H + = ( 0.7 M )
= 0.175M
200ml
150ml
Ca ( OH )2 = ( 0.2 M )
= 0.15M
200ml

SOME pH CALCULATIONS
STRONG ACID + STRONG BASE
EXAMPLE 11a: 50ml of 0.70M HCl is mixed with 150 ml of 0.20M Ca(OH)2.
What is the final pH?

50ml
H + = ( 0.7 M )
= 0.175M
200ml
150ml
Ca ( OH )2 = ( 0.2 M )
= 0.15M
200ml

OH = 0.3M

SOME pH CALCULATIONS
STRONG ACID + STRONG BASE
EXAMPLE 11a: 50ml of 0.70M HCl is mixed with 150 ml of 0.20M Ca(OH)2.
What is the final pH?

50ml
H + = ( 0.7 M )
= 0.175M
200ml
150ml
Ca ( OH )2 = ( 0.2 M )
= 0.15M
200ml

OH = 0.3M

H + ( aq ) + OH ( aq ) H 2O ( l )
Init.

0.175M

Change -0.175
Eqm.

0.3M
-0.175
0.125

pOH = -log [OH-]= -log(.125) = 0.90


pH = 14 - pOH =14 0.90 = 13.10

ANOTHER METHOD TO SOLVE


EXAMPLE 11a
EXAMPLE 11b: 50ml of 0.70M HCl is mixed with 150 ml of 0.20M Ca(OH)2.
What is the final pH?
First calculate the number of moles of acid and base:

ANOTHER METHOD TO SOLVE


EXAMPLE 11a
EXAMPLE 11b: 50ml of 0.70M HCl is mixed with 150 ml of 0.20M Ca(OH)2.
What is the final pH?
First calculate the number of moles of acid and base:

molH

molH

0.7mol ) 50 x103 L
(
=
= 35 x103 mol = 35mmol
L

0.7mol ) 50mL
(
=
= 35mmol
L

ANOTHER METHOD TO SOLVE


EXAMPLE 11a
EXAMPLE 11b: 50ml of 0.70M HCl is mixed with 150 ml of 0.20M Ca(OH)2.
What is the final pH?
First calculate the number of moles of acid and base:

molH

molH

0.7mol ) 50 x103 L
(
=
= 35 x103 mol = 35mmol
L

0.7mol ) 50mL
(
=
= 35mmol
L

0.2mol Ca ( OH )2 150mL
2mol OH
mol OH =
x
x
= 60mmol
1
L
mol Ca ( OH )2

ANOTHER METHOD TO SOLVE


EXAMPLE 11a
EXAMPLE 11b: 50ml of 0.70M HCl is mixed with 150 ml of 0.20M Ca(OH)2.
What is the final pH?
Second, calculate the number of moles remaining after acid and base combine:

H + ( aq ) + OH ( aq ) H 2O ( l )
Init.

35mmol

60mmol

Change -35mmol
0
Eqm.

-35mmol
25mmol

Third, calculate the molarity:

ANOTHER METHOD TO SOLVE


EXAMPLE 11a
EXAMPLE 11b: 50ml of 0.70M HCl is mixed with 150 ml of 0.20M Ca(OH)2.
What is the final pH?
Second, calculate the number of moles remaining after acid and base combine:

H + ( aq ) + OH ( aq ) H 2O ( l )
Init.

35mmol

60mmol

Change -35mmol
0
Eqm.

-35mmol
25mmol

Third, calculate the molarity:

25mmol 25mol
OH =
=
= 0.125M
200mL
200 L

Finally, calculate the pH:

pOH = -log [OH-]= -log(.125) = 0.90


pH = 14 - pOH =14 0.90 = 13.10

SOME pH CALCULATIONS
STRONG ACID + STRONG ACID
EXAMPLE 12: 50ml of 0.80M HCl is mixed with 100 ml of 0.30M HNO3. What is
the final pH?

SOME pH CALCULATIONS
STRONG ACID + STRONG ACID
EXAMPLE 12: 50ml of 0.80M HCl is mixed with 100 ml of 0.30M HNO3. What is
the final pH?

mol H

0.8mol ) 50mL
(
from HCL =
= 40mmol
L

mol H from HNO3

0.3mol ) 100mL
(
=
= 30mmol
L

SOME pH CALCULATIONS
STRONG ACID + STRONG ACID
EXAMPLE 12: 50ml of 0.80M HCl is mixed with 100 ml of 0.30M HNO3. What is
the final pH?

mol H

0.8mol ) 50mL
(
from HCL =
= 40mmol
L

mol H from HNO3

0.3mol ) 100mL
(
=
= 30mmol
L

Total mol H + = 40 + 30 = 70mmol

SOME pH CALCULATIONS
STRONG ACID + STRONG ACID
EXAMPLE 12: 50ml of 0.80M HCl is mixed with 100 ml of 0.30M HNO3. What is
the final pH?

mol H

0.8mol ) 50mL
(
= 40mmol
from HCL =
L

mol H from HNO3

0.3mol ) 100mL
(
=
= 30mmol
L

Total mol H + = 40 + 30 = 70mmol


70mmol
H + =
= 0.467 M
150ml

pH = -log [H+]= -log(.467) = 0.331

SOME pH CALCULATIONS
STRONGER ACID PLUS MUCH WEAKER ACID OR ACIDS
EXAMPLE 13: What is the pH of 0.050M HCl, 0.70M acetic acid, and 0.40M
hydrocyanic acid?

HCl ( aq ) H + ( aq ) + Cl ( aq )
Eqm.

0.05M

0.05M

pH = -log [H3O+] = -log(.05)


= 1.301 =1.30

Ka = 1.74x10-5M

HCN ( aq ) H + ( aq ) + CN ( aq )
LeChateliers Principle

K a = 4.79 x1010 M

SOME pH CALCULATIONS
STRONGER ACID PLUS MUCH WEAKER ACID OR ACIDS
CHECK HYPOTHESIS

pH = -log [H3O+] = -log(.05)


= 1.301 =1.30
Ka = 1.74x10-5M

Init.

0.7M

Change -x
Eqm. 0.7-x

+x

+x

0.05+x

=
x = 1.74 x105

0.05M

( 0.7 x )
( 0.05 + x )

+x

( 0.05 + x ) x = 1.74 x105


0.7 x

x = 2.44 x104 M

H + = 0.050244

pH = -log [H3O+] = -log(.050244) = 1.299 = 1.30

SOME pH CALCULATIONS
STRONGER ACID PLUS MUCH WEAKER ACID OR ACIDS
EXAMPLE 14a: How do you calculate the pH of 0.70M acetic acid, and 0.40M
hydrocyanic acid?
Ka = 1.74x10-5M

HCN ( aq ) H + ( aq ) + CN ( aq )

K a = 4.79 x1010 M
pH = 2.46

EXAMPLE 14b: How do you calculate the pH of 0.85 M phosphoric acid?

H 3 PO4 ( aq ) + H 2O ( l ) H 2 PO4 ( aq ) + H 3O + ( aq )

K a1 = 7.1x103 M

H 2 PO4 ( aq ) + H 2O ( l ) HPO42 ( aq ) + H 3O + ( aq )

K a 2 = 6.2 x108 M

HPO42 ( aq ) + H 2O ( l ) PO43 ( aq ) + H 3O + ( aq )

K a 3 = 4.8 x1013 M

pH = 1.13

FE12

SOME pH CALCULATIONS
pH SULFURIC ACID

EXAMPLE 15: What is the pH of sulfuric acid (a) 0.020M, (b) 0.20M, & (c) 2.0M?
(a)
Init.

H 2 SO4 ( aq ) + H 2O ( l ) HSO4 ( aq ) + H 3O + ( aq )
0M

0.02M

0.02M

pH = -log(.02) = 1.70

HSO4 ( aq ) + H 2O ( l ) SO42 ( aq ) + H 3O + ( aq )
Init. 0.02M
0
0.02M
Change -x
+x
+x
Eqm. 0.02-x

K2 =

x ( 0.02 + x )
= 1.2 x102
0.02 x

H + = 0.02627 M

K1 >> 1
K 2 = 1.20 x102 M

0.02+x

x = 1.2 x102

( 0.02 x )
( 0.02 + x )

x = 0.00627M

pH = -log [H3O+] = -log(.02627) = 1.58

(b)

Estimated pH = -log [0.2] = 0.70; actual pH = -log(.2108) = 0.68

(c)

Estimated pH = -log [2] = -0.30; actual pH = -log(2.012) = -0.30

You might also like