'Y Ezx Mvfxi Lvgvi E E 'VCBV KŠKJ: - K Wlwe' Mvnive WRMVB
'Y Ezx Mvfxi Lvgvi E E 'VCBV KŠKJ: - K Wlwe' Mvnive WRMVB
'Y Ezx Mvfxi Lvgvi E E 'VCBV KŠKJ: - K Wlwe' Mvnive WRMVB
RbmsL¨v e„w×i mv‡_ mv‡_ Zv‡`i Lv`¨ mieiv‡ni Pvwn`vI w`b w`b †e‡oB P‡j‡Q| cÖvYxR
Avwg‡li cÖavb Drm¨ `ya, gvQ, gvsm I wWg| `ya GKwU DrK…ó mylg Lv`¨ Dcv`vb hv wkï I
Avevje„× RbZvi Rb¨ cÖ‡qvRb| Pvwn`vi Av‡jv‡K Avgv‡`i †`‡k †QvU eo cÖvq 47,710 wU
†WBix Lvgvi M‡o D‡V‡Q| ksKi Rv‡Zi Mvfx cvj‡bi gva¨‡g `y» Lvgvi ¯’vcb GKwU jvfRbK
e¨emv| †`‡k K…wÎg cÖRbb Kg©m~Pxi AvIZvq cÖvq cÖwZwU GjvKvq ksKi Rv‡Zi Mvfx
m„wó n‡q‡Q| G mg¯— Mvfx †Kvb †Kvb †¶‡Î 15 †_‡K 25 wjUvi ch©š— `ya w`‡q _v‡K| d‡j
Mvfx cÖwZcvj‡b gvby‡li Drmvn c~‡e©i Zzjbvq A‡bKvs‡k e„w× †c‡q‡Q| Mvfx cÖwZcvj‡b
DbœZ e¨e¯’vcbv, mwVK cÖRbb, m~lg Lv`¨, †ivM `gb I cÖv_wgK wPwrmv mg‡Ü AvaywbK
jvMmB cÖhyw³ m¤ú‡K© Lvgvix fvB‡`i Rvbv cÖ‡qvRb |
AwaK `ya Drcv`bkxj Mvfxi ˆewkó¨ n‡jv - 1. gv_vt nvjKv I †QvU AvKv‡ii n‡e| Kcvj cÖk¯—
n‡e| D¾¡j †PvL n‡e| Lv‡`¨i cÖwZ AvMÖn _vK‡e| 2. ‰`wnK ˆewkó¨t ‡`‡ni mvg‡b w`K
nvjKv _vK‡e| wcQ‡bi w`K fvix I mymsMwVZ n‡e| ‰`wnK AvKvi AvKl©bxq n‡e|kix‡ii
MVb wXjv n‡e| 3. cvRit cvR‡ii nvo ¯úó Abyfe Kiv hv‡e| nv‡oi MVb mvgÄm¨cyb© n‡e| 4.
Pvgovt Pvgov cvZjv n‡e| Pvgovi bx‡P A‡nZzK Pwe© Rgv _vK‡e bv| Pvgovi is D¾j n‡e| ‡jvg
gm„Y I PKP‡K n‡e| 5. Ijvbt Ijvb eo I myMwVZ n‡e| ‡`‡ni mv‡_ mvgÄm¨cyb© n‡e|
evU¸wj GKB AvKv‡ii n‡e| PvievU mgvb `yi‡Z¡ I mgvš—ivj n‡e| 6. `y»wkivt `y»wkiv †gvUv I
¯úó n‡e| Zj‡c‡U bvfxi cvkw`‡q `y»wkiv AvKv evKv fv‡e we¯—…Z _vK‡e|
Lvgvi e¨e¯’vcbv t Lvgvi e¨e¯’vcbv GK cÖKvi †KŠkj hvi gva¨‡g Lvgv‡ii m¤ú`, my‡hvM I
mg‡qi mgbœq NUv‡bv hvq| myô e¨e¯’vcbvi mydj n‡jv - 1| m¤ú‡`i wgZe¨wqZv 2| ¯^í mg‡q dj
jvf 3| ¯^í m‡q AwaK Drcv`b 4| kw³ I kª‡gi AcPq †iva 5| Drcv`‡b ¸bMZ gvb I DrKl©Zv jvf |
mvaviY e¨e¯’vcbv: Mvfx Zvi ¸bMZ gvb DËivwaKvi m~‡Î †c‡q _v‡K| wKš‘ Mvfxi
eskvbyµwgK ¸bMZ gvb hZB DbœZ ‡nvK Gi e¨e¯’vcbv mg‡Ü cÖv_wgK fv‡e we‡kl hZœevb
nIqv cÖ‡qvRb| ˆ`bw›`b cwi¯‹vi-cwi”QbœZv i¶v, weÁvb m¤§Z evm¯’vb, mylg Lv`¨ mieivn,
mwVK cÖRbb †ivM cÖwZ‡iva e¨e¯’v BZ¨vw` DbœZ Mvfx cÖwZcvj‡bi †gŠwjK welq|
evm¯’vb: cvwievwiK ch©v‡q ev Lvgvi ch©v‡q Mvfx cvjb Ki‡Z n‡j Mvfxi Rb¨ fvj evm¯’vb
cÖ‡qvRb| Mvfx‡K wewfbœ cÖwZKzj Ae¯’v; †hgb - So, e„wó, AwZwi³ VvÛv I Mig Ges
Ab¨vb¨ ‰bmwM©K ˆ`e `ywe©cvK, †cvKv-gvKo, †Pvi, eb¨-RxeRš‘ n‡Z i¶v Kivi Rb¨ h‡_vchy³
evm¯’vb ev †MvqvjNi cÖ‡qvRb| Avgv‡`i AvenvIqvi Av‡jv‡K N‡i cÖPzi Av‡jv evZvm
PjvP‡ji Rb¨ NiwU DËi-`w¶bgyLx nIqv evÂbxq| †Kvb Ae¯’v‡ZB †hb N‡i m¨vZ m¨v‡Z Ae¯’v
bv _v‡K| †mB j‡¶¨ N‡ii †gSwU BU weQv‡bv _vK‡j fvj nq| N‡ii `~M©Ü I gkvgvwQ `g‡bi Rb¨
gv‡S gv‡S RxevbybvkK Øviv †avqv cÖ‡qvRb|
Mevw`cïi evm¯’vb `yB ai‡bi n‡Z cv‡i: 1| Db¥y³ ev D`vg Ni 2| euvav I cÖPwjZ Ni|
D¤§y³ evm¯’v‡b wb‡gœv³ nv‡i RvqMvi cª‡qvRb nq:
cïi aiY N‡i cÖwZ cï ¯’vb cÖwZ cïi Rb¨ gy³ Lv`¨ cvÎ
¯’vb
evoš— 2.5 - 3 eM© wgUvi 5 - 6 eM© wgUvi 37 - 50
evQzi †mw›UwgUvi
Mvfx 3 - 3.5 eM© wgUvi 8 - 10 eM© wgUvi 50 - 60
†mw›UwgUvi
Mf©eZx 10 - 12 eM© wgUvi 18 - 20 eM© wgUvi 60 - 70
Mvfx †mw›UwgUvi
Mevw` cïi evm¯’vb cÖ`v‡bi D‡Ïk¨t cÖwZK‚j AvenvIqv †hgb: So-e„wó, †iv`, VvÛv
cÖf„wZ n‡Z cï‡K i¶v Kiv, iv‡Z cï‡K eb¨cÖvbx, †Pvi, `y¯‹…wZKvixi nvZ n‡Z i¶v Kiv, cï‡K
Avkªq`vb, cï‡K Avivg I ¯^v¯’¨Ki cwi‡e‡k jvjb cvj‡bi myweav, ‡ivMvµvš— cïi myô
wPwKrmv myweav Ges msµvgK †ivM n‡Z Ab¨ cï‡K i¶v Kiv, wbqwgZ Mf©aviY Ges
cÖm‡ei Dchy³ e¨e¯’v Kiv, Mvfxi `ya †`vn‡b myweav, cï cwi`k©b I gvwK©s Kiv, ‰Re mvi
wn‡m‡e e¨env‡ii Rb¨ gj-g~Î msMÖn myweav|
Db¥y³/D`vg N‡ii ˆewkót PZzw`©‡K †`qvj †ewóZ †Lvjv RvqMvq w`b-ivwÎ Qvov Ae¯’vq
cvjb Kiv nq, ev”Pv cÖme, `ya †`vnb, So-e„wói mgq D`vg N‡i †bqv nq, GiKg N‡i GKB Lv`¨cvÎ I
cvwb mKj cïi Rb¨ Db¥y³ _v‡K, eo evQyi Ges `ya w`‡”Q bv Ggb Mvfxi Rb¨ G Ni myweavRbK, G
cÖKvi evmM„n evsjv‡`‡ki mKj A‡j e¨envi Kiv hvq|
cÖPwjZ ev euvav Ni t cvwievwiK ch©v‡q †Mvqvj Ni wbg©v‡bi Rb¨ Avw_©K mvg_©vbyhvqx
DcKiY wbe©vPb Ki‡Z n‡e| mš—v DcKiY; †hgb - evu‡ki LuywU, kb ev cvZv ev L‡oi Pvjv w`‡q
†MvqvjNi ˆZix Kiv hvq| Mv‡Qi LuywU ev wU‡bi Pvjv w`‡qI Ni ˆZix Kiv hvq| N‡ii cwiKíbv
Ggb fv‡e Ki‡Z n‡e hv‡Z cÖwZwU Mvfxi mvg‡b eo Mvgjv emv‡bvi e¨e¯’v _v‡K hv Lv`¨ Ges
cvwbi cvÎ wn‡m‡e e¨envi Kiv hvq| Lv`¨ I cvwbi cvÎ BU ev Kswµ‡Ui ˆZix n‡j `xN©¯’vqx nq|
N‡ii †g‡S wcQ‡bi w`‡K mvgvb¨ Xvjy n‡e| G‡Z Mvfxi N‡ii mKj AveR©bv ‡Wªb w`‡q evB‡ii
cÖavb b`©gvq wM‡q co‡Z cv‡i|
euvav N‡ii ˆewkót GB c×wZ‡Z Mi“i Mjvq `wo ev †jvnvi wkKj w`‡q ‡eu‡a cvjb Kiv hvq |
Mvfxi Lv`¨, cvwb MÖnb Ges `ya †`vnb GKB ¯’v‡b Kiv hvq| euvav N‡ii myweav n‡jv - euvav
_v‡K weavq Mvfxi `ya †`vnb mnR nq, cÖwZK‚j AvenvIqvq cï wbivc` _v‡K, K…wÎg cÖRb‡bi
Rb¨ †ek myweavRbK, wba©vwiZ Aí RvqMvq cï cvjb Kiv hvq| Avi Amyweavmg~n n‡jv - GB
c×wZ‡Z Ni ‰Zix LiP †ekx, cïi mn‡R †Nviv‡divi e¨e¯’v _v‡Kbv, G‡Z cïi e¨qvg bv nIqv‡Z
wewfbœ ai‡bi †iv‡M Avµvš— nevi m¤¢vebv _v‡K, GKB RvqMvq w`b - ivwÎ euvav _v‡K e‡j
†g‡S m¨uvZ m¨vu‡Z _v‡K|
euvav N‡ii bKkvt GB c×wZi †Mv-kvjvq cï me mgq euvav Ae¯’vq _v‡K| GRb¨ †Mv-kvjv
hv‡Z mn‡R cwi¯‹vi Kiv hvq †mw`‡K j¶¨ †i‡L Ni ˆZix Kiv cÖ‡qvRb| cÖPwjZ †Mv-kvjv `yB
ai‡bi nq -
GKmvwi wewkó †Mv-kvjv: Aí msL¨K Mevw` cïi Rb¨ GKwU j¤^v mvwi‡Z †eu‡a cvj‡bi
Rb¨ GB †Mv-kvjv ˆZix Kiv nq, cÖwZwU cï‡K c„_K ivLvi Rb¨ wR AvB cvBc w`‡q cvwU©kb
†`qv nq, cvwU©k‡bi cvBc j¤^vq 90 †m.wg.Ges D”PZvq 45 †m.wg.nIqv cÖ‡qvRb, GKwU Mi“i
`vovevi ¯’vb 165 †m.wg., cv‡ki RvqMv 105 †m.wg., Lvevi cvÎ 75 †m.wg.Ges bvjv/ †Wªb 30
†m.wg. nIqv cÖ‡qvRb, GKB gv‡c cïi msL¨v Abyhvqx RvqMv wba©vib K‡i †Mv-kvjv ˆZix
Kiv nq, ‡Mv-kvjv n‡e GKPvjv wewkó Ni, N‡ii Qv` cÖvq 300 †m.wg.DuPz‡Z Ki‡Z nq|
GKmvwi wewkó N‡ii cwigvc:
5 dzU
4 dzU
1 dzU
Mvfx `vov‡bvi RvqMv
b`©gv
`yB mvwi wewkó Nit Aí RvqMvq AwaK cï cvj‡bi Rb¨ G ai‡bi †Mv-kvjv ˆZix Kiv nq, G
ai‡bi †Mv-kvjvq cï‡K `yÕ fv‡e ivLv hvq, gy‡LvgywL c×wZ I evwni gyL c×wZ | gy‡LvgywL
c×wZ‡Z `yB mvwi cï mvgbvmvgwb _v‡K | `yB mvwi Lvev‡ii cv‡Îi gvSLv‡b 120 †m.wg. PIov
iv¯—v _v‡K - hv cv‡Î Lvevi †`evi Rb¨ e¨envi Kiv nq, GKwU Mi“i Rb¨ `vovevi RvqMv 5.5
dzU, cv‡ki RvqMv 3.5 dzU| myweav n‡jv - GKB mv‡_ `yB mvwi cï‡K mn‡R Lvevi I cvwb
mieivn Kiv hvq, `ya †`vn‡bi Rb¨ AwaKZi Av‡jv cvIqv hvq, cky wbR RvqMvq ¯^v”Q›` †eva
K‡i, cwiPh©vKvix mn‡R Pjv‡div Ki‡Z cv‡i|
mylg Lv`¨ mieivn: Rxeb avi‡bi Rb¨ GKw`‡K †hgb Lv‡`¨i cÖ‡qvRb, Ab¨w`‡K c~Y©
Drcv`‡bi Rb¨ Mvfxi cywói cÖ‡qvRb| AwZwi³ cywó mva‡bi Rb¨ Mvfx‡K me mgq mylg Lv`¨
LvIqv‡Z n‡e| mylg Lv‡`¨i Afv‡e Mvfx `ye©j nq, `y‡ai Drcv`b K‡g hvq| cÖRbb ¶gZv nvwi‡q
ax‡i ax‡i Abye©i I eܨv n‡q hvq| Ach©vß Lv`¨ LvIqv‡j Mvfxi Drcv`b ¶gZv †jvc cvq|
`yav‡jv Mvfxi Lv`¨: ‡`n i¶vi Rb¨ + `ya Drcv`‡bi Rb¨ +IRb n«vm e„w×i Rb¨ + 6 gv‡mi D‡×©
M‡f©i Rb¨|
cwiPh©v: Mvfxi mwVK cwiPh©v bv Ki‡j DbœZ Rv‡Zi Mvfx cvjb K‡iI Mvfx‡K my¯’ mej
Drcv`b¶g ivLv m¤¢e n‡e bv| d‡j Mvfx n‡Z Kvw•LZ cwigvb `ya, gvsm cvIqv hv‡e bv Ges Mvfx
cvjb AjvfRbK n‡e| Mvfxi cwiPh©v ej‡Z ¯^v¯’¨ m¤§Z jvjb e¨e¯’v, mylg Lv`¨ cÖ`vb Ges Mvfxi
†ivM-e¨vwa `gb BZ¨vw` eySvq|
`ya †`vnb: Mvfxi `ya ˆ`wbK †fv‡i GKevi Ges weKv‡j GKevi wbw`©ó mg‡q †`vnb Ki‡Z n‡e|
`ya †`vn‡bi c~‡e© Mvfxi Djvb I †`vnbKvixi nvZ cwi¯‹vi cvwb w`‡q fvj fv‡e a~‡q wb‡Z n‡e|
Ijv‡b gqjv _vK‡j ev gqjv nv‡Z `ya †`vnb Ki‡j Ijv‡b †ivM Rxevby msµvwgZ n‡q †iv‡Mi m„wó
n‡Z cv‡i| AvswkK I AwbqwgZ `ya †`vnb Mvfxi Rb¨ ¶wZKi| evQz‡i hZUzKz Lvevi `iKvi
ZZUzKz `ya cÖ_‡g evQzi‡K Pz‡l †L‡Z w`‡q evKx m¤ú~Y© `ya †`vnb K‡i wb‡Z n‡e|
cÖRbb:Mvfxi eskvbyµwgK ¸YMZ gvb Dbœq‡bi Rb¨ myôz cwiKwíZ cÖRbb e¨e¯’v Aej¤^b
Ki‡Z n‡e| †h lv‡oi gv, `v`x, bvbx hZ †ewk cwigvY `ya †`q Zvi ev”Pvi `ya Drcv`‡bi ¶gZv ZZB
†ewk nq| ZvB hLb Mvfx Mig n‡e ZLb ¸YMZ gvb m¤úbœ lv‡oi exR Øviv wbKU¯’ K…wÎg
cÖRbb †K›`ª n‡Z Mvfx‡K cÖRbb Kwi‡q †bIqv cÖ‡qvRb| mvaviYZ Mvfxi MigKvj ev FZzP‡µi
e¨eavb M‡o 21 w`‡b n‡q _v‡K| Mvfx Mig nIqvi ga¨fvM †_‡K †klv‡a© †h mKj Mvfx‡K
cÖRbb Kiv‡bv nq G‡`i Mf©aviY nvi A‡bK †ewk| myZivs MigKvj ch©‡e¶‡Yi mgq Mvfx‡K
cÖZ¨n GKevi ev `yÕevi Ni †_‡K evB‡i Avbv DwPZ Ges Mig nIqvi j¶Y †`Lv †`qvi mv‡_ mv‡_
Mvfx‡K AvU‡K †i‡L mwVK mg‡q cÖRbb Kiv DwPZ| ev”Pv cÖm‡ei ci Rivqy m¤ú~Y©
¯^vfvweK bv nIqv ch©š— Mvfx‡K cybivq cÖRbb Kiv DwPZ bq| cÖmev‡š— Mvfxi Rivqy 30-
40 w`b ch©š— jvj I cÖ`vnhy³ _v‡K| wewfwbœ Kvi‡b Mvfxi Rivqyi ¯^vfvweK De©iZv kw³
cybi“×vi n‡Z Kgc‡¶ 60-80 w`b mgq jv‡M| ¯^vfvweK Ae¯’vq cÖmev‡š— 60 w`b AwZevwnZ
bv nIqv ch©š— Mvfx‡K cybivq cÖRbb Kiv DwPZ bq|
Lvgv‡ii †iKW© msi¶Y : Lvgv‡ii jvf¶wZ wbiƒcb Avq-e¨‡qi mwVK wnmv‡ei Dci
wbf©ikxj| myôz e¨e¯’vcbvi Rb¨ cwiKíbv I j¶¨gvÎv AR©‡bi weq‡q g~j¨vqb Kiv| Lvgv‡ii
Drcvw`Z c‡Y¨i wnmve, weµq, Rb¥, g„Zz¨ Ges K…wÎg cÖRbb Kvh©¨µ‡gi Rb¨ mwVK Z_¨ i¶v
K‡í †iKW© msi¶b Kiv AZ¨vek¨Kxq|