12/23/2015

SQLSubqueriesw3resource

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SQLSubqueries
LastupdateonApril11201513:05:25(UTC/GMT+8hours)

Introduction
AsubqueryisaSQLquerynestedinsidealargerquery.
Asubquerymayoccurin:
ASELECTclause
AFROMclause
AWHEREclause
ThesubquerycanbenestedinsideaSELECT,INSERT,UPDATE,orDELETEstatementorinside
anothersubquery.
AsubqueryisusuallyaddedwithintheWHEREClauseofanotherSQLSELECTstatement.
Youcanusethecomparisonoperators,suchas>,<,or=.Thecomparisonoperatorcanalsobea
multiplerowoperator,suchasIN,ANY,orALL.
Asubquerycanbetreatedasaninnerquery,whichisaSQLqueryplacedasapartofanotherquery
calledasouterquery.
Theinnerqueryexecutesfirstbeforeitsparentquerysothattheresultsofinnerquerycanbepassedto
theouterquery.

Syntax:

Thesubquery(innerquery)executesoncebeforethemainquery(outerquery)executes.
Themainquery(outerquery)usethesubqueryresult.

SQLSubqueriesExample:
Inthissection,youwilllearntherequirementsofusingsubqueries.Wehavethe
followingtwotables'student'and'marks'withcommonfield'StudentID'.

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studentmarks
Nowwewanttowriteaquerytoidentifyallstudentswhogetbettermarksthanthat
ofthestudentwho'sStudentIDis'V002',butwedonotknowthemarksof'V002'.
Tosolvetheproblem,werequiretwoqueries.Onequeryreturnsthemarks
(storedinTotal_marksfield)of'V002'andasecondqueryidentifiesthestudents
whogetbettermarksthantheresultofthefirstquery.
Firstquery:
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SELECT*
FROM`marks`
WHEREstudentid='V002';

Queryresult:

Theresultofthequeryis80.
Usingtheresultofthisquery,herewehavewrittenanotherquerytoidentifythe
studentswhogetbetternarksthan80.Hereisthequery:
Secondquery:
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SELECTa.studentid,a.name,b.total_marks
FROMstudenta,marksb
WHEREa.studentid=b.studentid
ANDb.total_marks>80;

Queryresult:

Abovetwoqueriesidentifiedstudentswhogetbetternumberthanthestudentwho's
StudentIDis'V002'(Abhay).
Youcancombinetheabovetwoqueriesbyplacingonequeryinsidetheother.The
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subquery(alsocalledthe'innerquery')isthequeryinsidetheparentheses.Seethe
followingcodeandqueryresult:
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SELECTa.studentid,a.name,b.total_marks
FROMstudenta,marksb
WHEREa.studentid=b.studentidANDb.total_marks>
(SELECTtotal_marks
FROMmarks
WHEREstudentid='V002');

Queryresult:

PictorialPresentationofSQLSubquery:

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Subqueries:GeneralRules
AsubquerySELECTstatementisalmostsimilartotheSELECTstatementanditis
usedtobeginaregularorouterquery.Hereisthesyntaxofasubquery:
(SELECT[DISTINCT]subquery_select_argument
FROM{table_name|view_name}
{table_name|view_name}...
[WHEREsearch_conditions]
[GROUPBYaggregate_expression[,aggregate_expression]...]
[HAVINGsearch_conditions])

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Subqueries:Guidelines
Therearesomeguidelinestoconsiderwhenusingsubqueries:
Asubquerymustbeenclosedinparentheses.
Asubquerymustbeplacedontherightsideofthecomparisonoperator.
Subqueriescannotmanipulatetheirresultsinternally,thereforeORDERBYclause
cannotbeaddedintoasubquery.YoucanuseaORDERBYclauseinthemain
SELECTstatement(outerquery)whichwillbelastclause.
Usesinglerowoperatorswithsinglerowsubqueries.
Ifasubquery(innerquery)returnsanullvaluetotheouterquery,theouterquery
willnotreturnanyrowswhenusingcertaincomparisonoperatorsinaWHERE
clause.

TypeofSubqueries
Singlerowsubquery:Returnszerooronerow.
Multiplerowsubquery:Returnsoneormorerows.
Multiplecolumnsubquery:Returnsoneormorecolumns.
Correlatedsubqueries:ReferenceoneormorecolumnsintheouterSQL
statement.Thesubqueryisknownasacorrelatedsubquerybecausethesubquery
isrelatedtotheouterSQLstatement.
Nestedsubqueries:Subqueriesareplacedwithinanothersubqueries.
Inthenextsessionwehavethoroughlydiscussedtheabovetopics.Apartfromthe
abovetypeofsubqueriesyoucanusesubqueryinsideINSERT,UPDATEand
DELETEstatement.Hereisabriefdiscussion:

SubquerieswithINSERTstatement
INSERTstatementcanbeusedwithsubqueries.Hereisthesyntaxandan
exampleofsubqueriesusingINSERTstatement.
INSERTINTOtable_name[(column1[,column2])]
SELECT[*|column1[,column2]
FROMtable1[,table2]
[WHEREVALUEOPERATOR]

Ifwewanttoinsertthoseordersfrom'orders'tablewhichhavethe
advance_amount2000or5000into'neworder'tablethefollowingSQLcanbeused:
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Sampletable:orders

ORD_NUMORD_AMOUNTADVANCE_AMOUNTORD_DATECUST_CODEAGENT_CODEORD_DESCRIPTION

2001143500200015AUG08C00002A008
200122250040016SEP08C00003A004
20011850010020JUL08C00023A006
200119400070016SEP08C00007A010
200121150060023SEP08C00008A004
200130250040030JUL08C00025A011
2001344200180025SEP08C00004A005
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INSERTINTOneworder
SELECT*FROMorders
WHEREadvance_amountin(2000,5000);

Output

ToseemoredetailsofsubqueriesusingINSERTstatementclickhere.

SubquerieswithUPDATEstatement
InanUPDATEstatement,youcansetnewcolumnvalueequaltotheresult
returnedbyasinglerowsubquery.Hereisthesyntaxandanexampleof
subqueriesusingUPDATEstatement.
UPDATEtableSETcolumn_name=new_value
[WHEREOPERATOR[VALUE]
(SELECTCOLUMN_NAME
FROMTABLE_NAME)
[WHERE)]

Ifwewanttoupdatethoseord_datein'neworder'tablewith'15JAN10'whichhave
thedifferenceoford_amountandadvance_amountislessthantheminimum
ord_amountof'orders'tablethefollowingSQLcanbeused:
Sampletable:neworder

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ORD_NUMORD_AMOUNTADVANCE_AMOUNTORD_DATECUST_CODEAGENT_CODEORD_DESCRIPTION

2001143500200015AUG08C00002A008
200122250040016SEP08C00003A004
20011850010020JUL08C00023A006
200119400070016SEP08C00007A010
200121150060023SEP08C00008A004
200130250040030JUL08C00025A011
2001344200180025SEP08C00004A005
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UPDATEneworder
SETord_date='15JAN10'
WHEREord_amountadvance_amount<
(SELECTMIN(ord_amount)FROMorders);

ToseemoredetailsofsubqueriesusingUPDATEstatementclickhere.

SubquerieswithDELETEstatement
DELETEstatementcanbeusedwithsubqueries.Hereisthesyntaxandan
exampleofsubqueriesusingDELETEstatement.
DELETEFROMTABLE_NAME
[WHEREOPERATOR[VALUE]
(SELECTCOLUMN_NAME
FROMTABLE_NAME)
[WHERE)]

Ifwewanttodeletethoseordersfrom'neworder'tablewhichadvance_amountare
lessthanthemaximumadvance_amountof'orders'table,thefollowingSQLcanbe
used:
Sampletable:neworder

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ORD_NUMORD_AMOUNTADVANCE_AMOUNTORD_DATECUST_CODEAGENT_CODEORD_DESCRIPTION

2001143500200015AUG08C00002A008
200122250040016SEP08C00003A004
20011850010020JUL08C00023A006
200119400070016SEP08C00007A010
200121150060023SEP08C00008A004
200130250040030JUL08C00025A011
2001344200180025SEP08C00004A005
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DELETEFROMneworder
WHEREadvance_amount<
(SELECTMAX(advance_amount)FROMorders);

ToseemoredetailsofsubqueriesusingDELETEstatementclickhere.

Keypointstoremember

Slides

Slide1

WhatNext?
SingleRowSubqueries
MultipleRowandColumnSubqueries
Corelatedsubqueriesusingaliases
Nestedsubqueries
Note:OutputsofthesaidSQLstatementshownhereistakenbyusingOracle
Database10gExpressEdition.
<<Previous Next>>

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6Comments

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Jointhediscussion
Rasmus 5monthsago

Isthereaniceeasywaytoechomysqlresultinphpandgetsuchplaintextoutput?It
wouldbenicetoskipallhtmlcodingforshowingtheresult.

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w3resource

Mod >Rasmus

5monthsago

YoumaysaveMySQLresultintextfileusingteecommandandthenincludethat
fileusingPHP.

Reply Share

Kalyan 2yearsago

UPDATEneworder
SETord_date='15JAN10'
WHEREord_amountadvance_amount<
(SELECTMIN(advance_amount)FROMorders)
Asperyourscenario:
INtheabovequeryitsnotMIN(Advance_amount)itshouldbeMin(Ord_amount)

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w3resource

Mod >Kalyan

2yearsago

Fixednow.Thanks

Reply Share

Designer_Girl 3yearsago

WhenItrytouseyourexample...itneverworks.
>Subqueryreturnedmorethan1value.
Obviously,mysubqueryisgoingtocontainMANYvalues.Itshould.Someoneelse
suggestedIuseMIN()inmysubquery,but
thatchangestheentirethingintosomethingIdon'twant.
SELECTa.studentid,a.name,b.total_marks
FROMstudenta,marksb

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FROMstudenta,marksb
WHEREa.studentid=b.studentidANDb.total_marks>
(SELECTtotal_marks
FROMmarks
WHEREstudentid='V002')
4

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Mod >Designer_Girl

3yearsago

Whatisyourquery?
10

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