COMPUTER GRAPHICS
DRAWING 2D PRIMITIVES
Institute of Information and Communication Technology
University of Sindh, Jamshoro
Dr. Zeeshan Bhatti
BSIT-PIV
Chapter 2
BY: DR. ZEESHAN BHATTI
CHAPTER CONTENTS
Interactive Graphic Systems
Drawing lines
Drawing circles
Filling polygons
INTERACTIVE GRAPHIC SYSTEM
INTERACTIVE GRAPHIC SYSTEM
Application Model
Represents data and objects to be displayed on the output
device
Application Program
Creates, stores into, and retrieves from the application model
Handles user-inputs
Sends output commands to the graphics system:
Which geometric object to view (point, line, circle, polygon)
How to view it (color, line-style, thickness, texture)
GRAPHICS SYSTEM
Intermediates between the application program and the
interface hardware:
Output flow
Input flow
Causes the application program to be device
independent.
DISPLAY HARDWARE
CRT - CATHODE RAY TUBE
RASTER SCAN (CRT)
DISPLAY HARDWARE
FED - FIELD EMISSION DISPLAY
IMAGE REPRESENTATION IN RASTER
DISPLAYS
RASTER DISPLAY
TERMINOLOGY
Pixel: Picture element.
Smallest accessible element in picture
Assume rectangular or circular shape
Aspect Ratio: Ratio between physical dimensions of a pixel (not necessarily
1)
Dynamic Range: The ratio between the minimal (not zero!) and the
maximal light intensity a display pixel can emit
Resolution: The number of distinguishable rows and columns in the device.
Measured in:
Absolute values (1K x 1K) or,
Density values (300 dpi [=dots per inch])
Screen Space: A discrete Cartesian coordinate system of the screen pixels
Object Space: The Cartesian coordinate system of the universe, in which the
objects (to be displayed) are embedded
SCAN CONVERSION
The conversion from a geometrical representation of an
object to pixels in a raster display . OR
The process of representing continuous graphical objects
as a collection of discrete pixels by identifying their
locations and setting them ON is called scan conversion.
REPRESENTATIONS
LINE IN 2 DIMENSIONS
SCAN CONVERSION
Generally Four types:
1.
Polynomial method
2.
DDA (Digital Difference Analyzer) method
3.
Bresenhams method
4.
Midpoint method
SCAN CONVERSION
Most of the standard type of graphical pbjects like lines, circles, etc.,
are defined by a mathematical function.
For example, a straight line segment is defined by the following
equation:
Where m is the slope of the line and b is the y-intercept on the
positive Y-axis.
Similar are the cases with circles, ellipses, parabolas, etc.
SCAN CONVERSION
POLYNOMIAL METHOD FOR LINES
SCAN CONVERSION - LINES
Incremental Algorithm
SCAN CONVERSION - LINES
PSEUDO CODE FOR BASIC LINE
DRAWING
Assume x1>x0 and line slope absolute value is 1
BASIC LINE DRAWING
MIDPOINT (BRESENHAM) LINE
DRAWING
MIDPOINT (BRESENHAM) LINE
DRAWING
MIDPOINT (BRESENHAM) LINE
DRAWING
MIDPOINT (BRESENHAM) LINE
DRAWING
MIDPOINT (BRESENHAM) LINE
DRAWING
PSEUDO CODE FOR MIDPOINT LINE
DRAWING
SCAN CONVERSION - CIRCLES
SCAN CONVERSION - CIRCLES
SCAN CONVERSION - CIRCLES
SCAN CONVERSION - CIRCLES
CIRCLE MIDPOINT (FOR ONE OCTANT)
CIRCLE MIDPOINT (FOR ONE OCTANT)
Threshold Criteria:
CIRCLE MIDPOINT (FOR ONE OCTANT)
PSEUDO CODE FOR CIRCLE MIDPOINT
PSEUDO CODE FOR CIRCLE MIDPOINT
PSEUDO CODE FOR CIRCLE MIDPOINT
CIRCLE MIDPOINT
POLYGON FILL
SCAN CONVERSION - POLYGON FILL
FLOOD FILL ALGORITHM
FLOOD FILL ALGORITHM
FILL POLYGON
SCAN CONVERSION BASIC
ALGORITHM
SCAN CONVERSION FILL
POLYGON
SCAN CONVERSION FILL
POLYGON
FILL POLYGON OPTIMIZED
ALGORITHM
FILL POLYGON OPTIMIZED
ALGORITHM
FLOOD FILL VS. SCAN CONVERSION
THANKYOU
Q&A
Referred Book
Computer Graphics: Principles and Practice in C,
by J. D. Foley, A. Van Dam, S. K. Feiner, J. F. Hughes.
Hardcover, 1200 pages, Addison-Wesley Pub Co; 2nd edition,
For Course Slides and Handouts
web page:
https://sites.google.com/site/drzeeshanacademy/
Blog:
http://zeeshanacademy.blogspot.com/
Facebook:
https://www.facebook.com/drzeeshanacademy
BY: DR. ZEESHAN BHATTI
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