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Elevators

The document discusses different types of elevator systems including geared and gearless traction lifts, hydraulic lifts, and machine-room-less (MRL) elevators. Geared traction lifts have lower maximum speed and travel distance than gearless traction lifts. Hydraulic lifts use hydraulic fluid and pistons instead of cables and have no overhead machine room but are limited to low-rise buildings. MRL elevators have the machine located within the hoistway instead of an external machine room and use flat belts instead of cables, allowing them to be used in mid-rise buildings up to 250 feet.

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Kavya
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998 views

Elevators

The document discusses different types of elevator systems including geared and gearless traction lifts, hydraulic lifts, and machine-room-less (MRL) elevators. Geared traction lifts have lower maximum speed and travel distance than gearless traction lifts. Hydraulic lifts use hydraulic fluid and pistons instead of cables and have no overhead machine room but are limited to low-rise buildings. MRL elevators have the machine located within the hoistway instead of an external machine room and use flat belts instead of cables, allowing them to be used in mid-rise buildings up to 250 feet.

Uploaded by

Kavya
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PPSX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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TRACTION LIFT

GEARED & GEARLESS TRACTION LIFT


Geared Traction Elevators Thegearboxthatisattachedtothemotor,drivesthewheelthatmovestheropes.
Gearedtractionelevatorsarecapableoftravelspeedsupto500feetperminute.
Themaximumtraveldistanceforagearedtractionelevatorisaround250feet.
Gear-less Traction Elevators
Thewheelisattacheddirectlytothemotor.
Gear-lesstractionelevatorsarecapableofspeedsupto2,000feetperminuteandthey
haveamaximumtraveldistanceofaround2,000feetsotheyaretheonlychoicefor
high-riseapplications.
Gearedtractionelevatorsaremediumintermsofinitialcost,highongoing
maintenancecostsandenergyconsumption.
Gear-lesstractionelevatorshaveahighinitialcost,mediumongoingmaintenance
costs,anduseenergyabitmoreefficientlythangearedtractionelevators.
Itisimportantthattractionelevatorropesandsheavesarecheckedforwearona
regularbasis.Astheywear,thetractionbetweenthesheaveandthecablesisreduced
andslippagebecomesmoreregular,whichreducestheefficiencyandcanbecome
dangerousifleftunchecked.

LIFT MACHINE ROOM

HYDRAULIC LIFT
Hydraulicelevatorsaresupportedbyapistonatthebottomoftheelevatorthatpushes
theelevatorupasanelectricmotorforcesoiloranotherhydraulicfluidintothepiston.
Theelevatordescendsasavalvereleasesthefluidfromthepiston.Theyareusedforlowriseapplicationsof2-8storiesandtravelatamaximum speedof200feetperminute.
The machine room for hydraulic elevators is located at the lowest level adjacent to the
elevatorshaft.
Conventional Hydraulic Elevatorshaveasheavethatextendsbelowthefloorof
the elevator pit, which accepts the retracting piston as the elevator descends. Some
configurationshaveatelescopingpistonthatcollapsesandrequiresashallowerhole
belowthepit.Maxtraveldistanceisapproximately60feet.
Hole-less Hydraulic Elevatorshave a piston on either side of the cab. In this
configuration, the telescoping pistons are fixed at the base of the pit and do not
require a sheave or hole below the pit. Telescoping pistons allow up to 50 feet of
traveldistance.Non-telescopingpistonsonlyallowabout20feetoftraveldistance.
Roped Hydraulic Elevatorsuseacombinationofropesandapistontomovethe
elevator.Maximumtraveldistanceisabout60feet.

HYDRAULIC LIFT

Advantages & Disadvantages


The major advantage of hydraulic unit is
the absence of an overhead machine room
andtractionequipment.
Cars can be lowered manually by the
operationofoilvalves.
Hydraulic elevators have a low initial cost
and their ongoing maintenance costs are
lowercomparedtotheotherelevatortypes.
Hydraulic elevators use more energy than
othertypesofelevatorsbecausetheelectric
motor works against gravity as it forces
hydraulicfluidintothepiston.
Amajordrawbackofhydraulicelevatorsis
thatthehydraulicfluidcansometimesleak,
which can cause a serious environmental
hazard.
These are limited to low-rise, low-speed
applications.

MRL Elevators

Designed for buildings between about two


and 30 stories, this system employs a
smaller sheave than conventional geared
and gearless elevators.
The reduced sheave size, together with a
redesigned machine, allows the machine to
be mounted within the hoistway itself
eliminating the need for a bulky machine
room on the roof.
Just as unique are the flat polyurethanecoated steel belts, an Otis invention, that
replace the heavy, woven steel cables that
have been the industry standard since the
1800s.
The belts make the sheave smaller.
They are only 0.1 inch (3 mm) thick, yet
they are as strong as woven steel cables and
far more durable, flexible and space-saving.

MRL Elevators

These elevators do not have a dedicated


machineroomabovetheelevatorshaft.
Themachinesitsintheoverridespaceandis
accessed from the top of the elevator cab
whenmaintenanceorrepairsarerequired.
The control boxes are located in a control
roomthatisadjacenttotheelevatorshafton
the highest landing and within around 150
feetofthemachine.
ThemechanismofaMRLElevatorissimilar
tothetractionlift
Machine-room-less elevators have a
maximum travel distance of up to 250 feet
and can travel at speeds up to 500 feet-perminute.
Machine-room-less elevators are becoming
the most popular choice for mid-rise
buildings where the travel distance is up to
250feet.
They are energy efficient, require less space,
and their operation and reliability is as good
asthegear-lesstractionelevators.

DESIGN CONCERNS

Circulationefficiency
Location&arrangement(preventbottlenecks)
Coordinationwithlobby,stairway&corridor
Fire&safetyregulations
Handlingcapacity(quantityofservice)
Intervalorwaitingtime(qualityofservice)
ConsiderationbyliftfunctionslikePassenger,goods,
firemen,shuttle,observation

IDEAL LIFT
Idealperformanceofanelevatorinstallationwillprovide
minimumwaitingtimeforacaratanyfloorlevel
comfortableaccelerationandrapidtransportation
smoothandrapidbraking
accurateautomaticlevellingatlandings
quick,quietoperationofdoors
goodfloorstatusandtraveldirectionindication
easilyoperatedcarandlandingcallbuttons
smooth,quiet,andsafeoperationofallequipment
comfortablelighting
reliableemergencyandsecurityequipment

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