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Integration Substitution Worksheet Solns

The document provides solutions to 21 integration problems using the substitution method. Each problem solution follows the standard substitution method steps of (a) letting u = an expression involving x, (b) finding du in terms of dx, and (c) substituting u and du into the integral. The solutions provide concise step-by-step working showing the integral evaluations.

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0% found this document useful (0 votes)
1K views16 pages

Integration Substitution Worksheet Solns

The document provides solutions to 21 integration problems using the substitution method. Each problem solution follows the standard substitution method steps of (a) letting u = an expression involving x, (b) finding du in terms of dx, and (c) substituting u and du into the integral. The solutions provide concise step-by-step working showing the integral evaluations.

Uploaded by

Mritunjay Kumar
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Integration Worksheet - Substitution Method Solutions

The following are solutions to the Math 229 Integration Worksheet - Substitution Method. Heres
the link to that worksheet http://www.math.niu.edu/courses/math229/misc/int_prac.pdf

Z
1.

(5x + 4)5 dx

(a) Let u = 5x + 4
(b) Then du = 5 dx or

1
du = dx.
5

(c) Now substitute


Z

(5x + 4) dx =
Z
=

u5

1
du
5

1 5
u du
5

1 6
u +C
30
1
(5x + 4)6 + C
=
30

Z
2.

3t2 (t3 + 4)5 dt

(a) Let u = t3 + 4
(b) Then du = 3t2 dt
(c) Now substitute
Z

3t (t + 4) dt =
Z
=

(t3 + 4)5 3t2 dt


u5 du

1 6
u +C
6
1 3
(t + 4)6 + C
=
6
=

Z
3.

4x 5 dx

Integration Worksheet - Substitution Method Solutions


(a) Let u = 4x 5
(b) Then du = 4 dx or

1
du = dx
4

(c) Now substitute


Z

Z
4x 5 dx =

1
du
4

1 1/2
u du
4
1 3/2 2
u +C
=
4
3
1
=
(4x 5)3/2 + C
6
=

Z
4.

t2 (t3 + 4)1/2 dt

(a) Let u = t3 + 4
(b) Then du = 3t2 dt or

1
du = t2 dt
3

(c) Now substitute


Z

t (t + 4)

1/2

(t3 + 4)1/2 t2 dt

u1/2

dt =
=
Z

1
du
3

1 1/2
u
du
3
1 1/2 2
u +C
=
3
1
2 1/2
=
u +C
3
2 3
=
(t + 4)1/2 + C
3
=

Z
5.

cos(2x + 1) dx
(a) Let u = 2x + 1
(b) Then du = 2 dx or

1
du = dx
2
2

Integration Worksheet - Substitution Method Solutions


(c) Now substitute
Z

Z
cos(u)

cos(2x + 1) dx =
Z
=

1
du
2

1
cos(u) du
2

1
sin(u) + C
2
1
=
sin(2x + 1) + C
2
=

Z
6.

sin10 (x) cos(x) dx

(a) Let u = sin(x) dx


(b) Then du = cos(x) dx
(c) Now substitute
Z

10

sin (x) cos(x) dx =

u10 du

1 11
u +C
11
1
=
sin11 (x) + C
11

Z
7.

sin(x)
dx
(cos(x))5

(a) Let u = cos(x)


(b) Then du = sin(x) dx or du = sin(x) dx

Integration Worksheet - Substitution Method Solutions


(c) Now substitute
Z

sin(x)
dx =
(cos(x))5

1
sin(x) dx
(cos(x)5
Z
1
(du)
=
u5
Z
=
u5 + C
u4
+C
4
= u4 + C
1
=
+C
(cos(x))4

( x 1)2

dx
8.
x

(a) Let u = x 1
Z

1
1
(b) Then du = dx or 2 du = dx
2 x
x
(c) Now substitute
Z

( x 1)2
1

dx =
( x 1)2 dx
x
x
Z
=
u2 (2 du)
Z
=
2u2 du
2 3
u +C
3
2
=
( x 1)3 + C
3
=

Z
9.
x3 + x2 (3x2 + 2x) dx
(a) Let u = x3 + x2
(b) Then du = (3x2 + 2x) dx

Integration Worksheet - Substitution Method Solutions


(c) Now substitute
Z

x3

x2

(3x + 2x) dx =
Z
=

u du

u1/2 du

2 3/2
u +C
3
2 3
=
(x + x2 )3/2 + C
3

10.
1

(x2

x+1
dx
+ 2x + 2)3

(a) Let u = x2 + 2x + 2
(b) Then du = (2x + 2) dx du = 2(x + 1) dx or

1
du = (x + 1) dx
2

(c) If x = 1, then u = (1)2 + 2(1) + 2 = 1


(d) If x = 1, then u = (1)2 + 2(1) + 2 = 5
(e) Now substitute
Z

(x + 1)
dx =
2
(x + 2x + 2)3
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=

1
(x + 1) dx
+ 2x + 2)3
1
Z 5
1 1
du
3
1 u 2
Z 5
1 3
u du
1 2
5
1 u2
2 2 1
5
1
2
4u 1

 

1
1


4(5)2
4(1)2
1
1

+
100 4
24
100
6
25
(x2

Integration Worksheet - Substitution Method Solutions


Z
11.

p
cos(x) sin(x) dx

(a) Let u = sin(x)


(b) Then du = cos(x) dx
(c) If x = 0, then u = sin(0) = 0.
(d) If x = , then u = sin() = 0
(e) Now substitute
Z
0

Z p
p
sin(x) cos(x) dx
cos(x) sin(x) dx =
0
Z 0

=
u du
0
Z 0
=
u1/2 du
0
0
2 3/2
u
=
3
0

 

2 3/2
2 3/2
(0)
=
(0)
3
3
= 0

f (x) dx = 0. So we didnt actually need to go through the last 5 lines.

Note,
a

Z
12.

(x + 1) sin(x2 + 2x + 3) dx

(a) Let u = x2 + 2x + 3
(b) Then du = (2x + 2) dx du = 2(x + 1) dx or we can write

1
du = (x + 1) dx
2

(c) Now substitute


Z
Z
2
(x + 1) sin(x + 2x + 3) dx =
sin(x2 + 2x + 3) (x + 1) dx
Z
1
=
sin(u) du
2
Z
1
=
sin(u) du
2
1
= cos(u) + C
2
1
= cos(x2 + 2x + 3) + C
2

Integration Worksheet - Substitution Method Solutions


3
Z 
1
1
13.
1+
dt
t
t2
(a) Let u = 1 +

1
t

1
1
dt or du = 2 dt
2
t
t
(c) Now substitute
3
Z
Z 
1
1
2 dt =
1+
u3 (du)
t
t
1
= u4 + C
4

4
1
1
=
1+
+C
4
t

(b) Then du =

14.

x2 x3 + 1 dx

(a) Let u = x3 + 1
1
du = x2 dx
3
(c) If x = 1, then u = (1)3 + 1 = 0.

(b) Then du = 3x2 dx or

(d) If x = 1, then u = (1)3 + 1 = 2


(e) Now substitute
Z

x3 + 1 dx =

x3 + 1 x2 dx

1
2

Z
=

Z0 2

=
=
=
=
=

1
du
3

1 1/2
u du
0 3
2
1 3/2 2
u
3
3
2 0
2 3/2
u
9
0

 

2 3/2
2 3/2
(2)
(0)
9
9

2
4 2
8=
9
9

Integration Worksheet - Substitution Method Solutions


Z
15.

2
dx
3x 7

(a) Let u = 3x 7
(b) Then du = 3 dx or

1
du = dx
3

(c) Now substitute


Z

dx =
3x 7
=
=
=
=

Z
16.

1

dx
x( x + 1)2
1

(a) Let u = x + 1

1
1
(b) Then du = dx or 2 du = dx
2 x
x

(c) If x = 1, then u = 1 + 1 = 2.

(d) If x = 4, then u = 4 + 1 = 3.

2 1
du
u 3
Z
2 1/2
u
du
3
2 1/2 2
u +C
3
1
4 1/2
u +C
3
4
3x 7 + C
3

Integration Worksheet - Substitution Method Solutions


(e) Now substitute
Z
1

1

dx =
x( x + 1)2

=
Z2 3
=
=
=
=
=
=

Z
17.
0

1
1

dx
2
( x + 1)
x
1
(2 du)
u2

2u2 du
2
3
u1
2
1 2
3
2

u
 2  
2
2

3
2
2
+1
3
1
3

x
dx
x+1

(a) Let u = x + 1, then x = u 1 (need this for later)


(b) Then du = dx
(c) If x = 0, then u = 1.
(d) If x = 1, then u = 2

Integration Worksheet - Substitution Method Solutions


(e) Now substitute
Z 1
0

dx =
x+1

=
Z1 2

=
=
=
=
=
=

Z
18.

u1
du
u
u
1
1/2 du
1/2
u
u

u1/2 u1/2 du
1
2

2 3/2
1/2
u 2u
3
1

 

2 3/2
2 3/2
1/2
1/2
(1) 2(1)
(2) 2(2)
3
3

4 2
2
2 2 +2
3
3
2 2 4
+

3 3
42 2
3

x 2x + 1 dx

1
(a) Let u = 2x + 1. Then x = (u 1) (need this for later)
2
1
(b) Then du = 2 dx or du = dx
2
(c) Now substitute
Z

1
1
(u 1) u du
2
2
Z
1
(u 1) u1/2 du
4
Z
1 3/2 1 1/2
u u du
4
4
1 5/2 2 1 3/2 2
u u +C
4
5 4
3
1 5/2 1 3/2
u u +C
10
6
1
1
(2x + 1)5/2 (2x + 1)3/2 + C
10
6
Z

x 2x + 1 dx =
=
=
=
=
=

10

Integration Worksheet - Substitution Method Solutions


Z
19.

x x + 1 dx

You should rewrite the integral as


Z

x1/2

x3/2 + 1 dx

to help identify u.
(a) Let u = x3/2 + 1
2
3
(b) Then du = x1/2 dx or du = x1/2 dx
2
3
(c) Now substitute
Z
x

1/2

x3/2

+ 1 dx =
=
=
=
=
=

Z
20.

Z p
x3/2 + 1 x1/2 dx
Z
2
u du
3
Z
2 1/2
u du
3
2 3/2 2
u +C
3
3
4 3/2
u +C
9
4 3/2
(x + 1)3/2 + C
9

x3 x2 + 1 dx

(a) Let u = x2 1. Then x2 = u 1 (need this for later)


(b) Then du = 2x dx or

1
du = x dx
2

11

Integration Worksheet - Substitution Method Solutions


(c) Now substitute
Z
x

Z
x2 + 1 dx =

x2 x2 + 1 x dx

1
(u 1) u du
2
Z
1 3/2 1 1/2
u u du
2
2
1 5/2 2 1 3/2 2
u u +C
2
5 2
3
1 5/2 1 3/2
u u +C
5
3
1 2
1
(x + 1)5/2 (x2 + 1)3/2 + C
5
3

Z
=
=
=
=
=

Z
21.

(x2 + 1) x 2 dx

(a) Let u = x 2. Then u + 2 = x and (u + 2)2 = x2

x2 = u2 + 4u + 4
(b) Then du = dx
(c) Now substitute
Z
Z

2
(x + 1) x 2 dx =
(u2 + 4u + 4 + 1) u du
Z

=
(u2 + 4u + 5) u du
Z
=
u5/2 + 4u3/2 + 5u1/2 du
2 7/2 8 5/2 10 3/2
u + u + u +C
7
5
3
2
8
10
=
(x 2)7/2 + (x 2)5/2 + (x 2)3/2 + C
7
5
3
=

Z
22.

x2 + 2x
dx
x2 + 2x + 1

(a) First, lets simplify by doing some long division. The work is omitted as I dont know
how to tex long division.
12

Integration Worksheet - Substitution Method Solutions

1
1
x2 + 2x
=1 2
=1
2
x + 2x + 1
x + 2x + 1
(x + 1)2
Z
1
(b) So we are evaluating 1
dx
(x + 1)2

Z
1

Z
23.

x2

1
1
+C
dx = x +
2
(x + 1)
x+1

1
+ 6x + 9

(a) First, rewrite the integrand as

x2

1
1
=
+ 6x + 9
(x + 3)2

(b) Rewrite the integral


Z

1
dx
(x + 3)2

(c) Let u = x + 3
(d) Then du = dx
Z

1
dx =
(x + 3)2
=

1
du
u2

u2 du

= u1 + C
= (x + 3)1 + C
1
+C
=
x+3

Z
24.

sec2 (x)
dx
(1 + tan(x))3

(a) Let u = 1 + tan(x)


(b) Then du = sec2 (x) dx

13

Integration Worksheet - Substitution Method Solutions


(c) Now substitute
sec2 (x)
dx =
(1 + tan(x))3

1
sec2 (x) dx
(1 + tan(x))3
Z
1
du
=
u3
Z
=
u3 du

1
= u2 + C
2
1
= 2 +C
2u
1
=
+C
2(1 + tan(x))2

Z
25.

sin(x)
dx
(2 + 3 cos(x))2

(a) Let u = 2 + 3 cos(x)


1
(b) Then du = 3 sin(x) dx or du = sin(x) dx
3
(c) Now substitute
Z

Z
26.

sin(x)
dx =
(2 + 3 cos(x))2

1
sin(x) dx
(2 + 3 cos(x))2
Z
1
1
=

du
u2
3
Z
1
=
u2 du
3
1 1
=
u +C
3
1
=
(2 + 3 cos(x))1 + C
3

x tan(x2 ) sec(x2 ) dx

(a) Let u = x2
(b) Then du = 2x dx or

1
du = x dx
2

14

Integration Worksheet - Substitution Method Solutions


(c) Now substitute
Z

x tan(x ) sec(x ) dx =

tan(x2 ) sec(x2 ) x dx

Z
tan(u) sec(u)

=
Z
=

1
du
2

1
tan(u) sec(u) du
2

1
sec(u) + C
2
1
=
sec(x2 ) + C
2
=

Z
27.

3t3 (t2 + 4)5 dt

(a) Let u = t2 + 4. Then t2 = u 4 (need this later)


(b) Then du = 2t dt or

1
du = t dt
2

(c) Now substitute


Z

3t (t + 4) dt =
Z
=

3t2 (t2 + 4)5 t dt


3(u 4)(u)5

1
du
2

3 6
(u 4u5 ) du
2


3 1 7 4 6
=
u u +C
2 7
6
3 7
=
u u6 + C
14
3 2
=
(t + 4)7 (t2 + 4)6 + C
14
=

Z
28.

(tan(2x) + cot(2x))2 dx

(a) Since there isnt an obvious substitution, lets foil and see what happens. This will

15

Integration Worksheet - Substitution Method Solutions


require some trig identities.
(tan(2x) + cot(2x))2 = (tan(2x) + cot(2x)) (tan(2x) + cot(2x))
= tan2 (2x) + 2 tan(2x) cot(2x) + cot2 (2x)
= tan2 (2x) + 2 + cot2 (2x)
= (sec2 (2x) 1) + 2 + (csc2 (2x) 1)
= sec2 (2x) + csc2 (2x)

(b) The reason we used the trig identities at the end is because we know nice functions whose
derivatives are sec2 () and csc2 ().
(c) Lets rewrite the integral
Z

sec2 (2x) + csc2 (2x) dx

(d) Let u = 2x
(e) Then du = 2 dx or
(f) Now substitute
Z

1
du = dx
2

sec (2x) + csc (2x) dx =


=
=
=
=

16

1
(sec2 (u) + csc2 (u)) du
2
Z
1
sec2 (u) + csc2 (u) du
2
1
(tan(u) cot(u)) + C
2
1
(tan(2x) cot(2x)) + C
2
1
1
tan(2x) cot(2x) + C
2
2

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