STUDY GUIDE & WORKBOOK

ARCHAEOLOGY

THE

BOOK

DAVID DOWN

The
the

Archaeology
cave

Book
book

STUDY GUIDE
& WORKBOOK

First printing: February 2010

Copyright 2010 by Master Books. All rights

reserved. No part of this book may be used or
reproduced in any manner whatsoever without
written permission of the publisher, except in
the case of brief quotations in articles and reviews.
For information write:
Master Books, P.O. Box 726, Green Forest, AR 72638.
Printed in the United States of America
Please visit our website for other great titles:
www.masterbooks.net
For information regarding author interviews, please
contact the publicity department at (870) 438-5288.

CONTENTS
1. What Archaeology is All About.................................... 4
2. .Land of Egypt.................................................................. 6
3. .The Hittites...................................................................... 8
4. .Ur of the Chaldees........................................................ 10
5. .Assyria........................................................................... 12
6. .Babylon: City of Gold.................................................. 14
7. .Persia.............................................................................. 16
8. .Petra............................................................................... 18
9. .The Phoenicians........................................................... 20
10. The Dead Sea Scrolls.................................................... 22
11. Israel............................................................................... 23
Answer Key.......................................................................... 25

CHAPTER 1

What Archaeology is All About

Text: Pages 6 to 19

Terms to Know and Spell

accession year
AD
archaeology
artifact
BC
carbon dating
ceramic
chronology
debris
EB
exile
exodus
hieroglyphs
LB
MB
millennium
non-accession year
4

The Archaeology Book Study Guide

pottery
stratum
synchronism
tell

Short Answer
1. What does the word archaeology mean?
2. For what three reasons were cities built on hills?
3. When did people first start using coins?
4. From what Greek word does our word Bible come
from?
5. What are the four main periods of archaeological
time?

Activities
1. See if you can find a small piece of damp clay, or
plasticine, and with the end of a screwdriver impress
your name on it. This would then look like a seal
impression.
2. Take some everyday items and set up an archaeological treasure hunt. Have an adult bury the items in
shallow holes, covering them with a thin layer of soil.
Carefully go about digging them up and classifying
your treasures in a journal.
The Archaeology Book Study Guide

CHAPTER 2
Land of Egypt

Text: Pages 20 to 29

Terms to Know and Spell

Asiatic
baulk
dowry
drachma
dynasty
mastabas
Nubia
Pharoah

Short Answer
1. What is the Egyptian name for Egypt?
2. Who was the first Egyptian king to build a pyramid?
3. Who built the biggest pyramid in Egypt?
4. What was the name of the Egyptian river god?
5. What did the Egyptians in dynasty 12 mix with their
bricks to hold them together?
6

The Archaeology Book Study Guide

Activities
1. See if you can find a small cardboard or plastic box.
Make some mud out of earth and a little water, mix
some dry grass with it and put it into the box. When
it is fairly dry turn the box upside down and lift it off
the brick you have made. Let it dry.
2. Develop a chart with your family history or dynasty.
Try to trace the ancestry of one parent or both,
depending on the information you have available.
List these as names on a graph or draw an actual tree
with the branches representing the family members.

The Archaeology Book Study Guide

CHAPTER 3
The Hittites

Text: Pages 30 to 35

Terms to Know and Spell

amphitheater
Anatolia
bathhouse
inscription

Short Answer
1. 3000 years ago which was the strongest nation in the
Middle East?
2. What two nations did the Syrians think had come to
attack them?
3. Who were the Hittites descended from?
4. How often were the Hittites mentioned in the King
James Version of the Bible?
5. Who wrote the book The Empire of the Hittites?

The Archaeology Book Study Guide

Activities
1. Draw a rough mapof Turkey and write in the names
Constantinople and Boghazkale where you think
they should be.
2. Research the ancient Hittite civilization online or at
your local library. How many resources can you find
available for this people once thought to be a myth?

The Archaeology Book Study Guide

CHAPTER 4

Ur of the Chaldees
Text: Pages 36 to 41

Terms to Know and Spell

centurian
Chaldees
nomad
papyrus
tanner

Short Answer
1. In the Bible, how many references are there to Ur of
the Chaldees
2. Who was the main excavator of Ur of the Chaldees?
3. Why did Woolley not excavate the cemetery as soon
as he found it.
4. What was the name of the people who occupied
ancient Ur?
5. What did Woolley find in the Death Pits of Ur.

10 The Archaeology Book Study Guide

Activities
1. Draw a rough mapof Turkey and write in the names
Constantinople and Boghazkale where you think
they should be.
2. Research the ancient Hittite civilization online or at
your local library. How many resources can you find
available for this people once thought to be a myth?

The Archaeology Book Study Guide 11

CHAPTER 5
Assyria

Text: Pages 42 to 45

Terms to Know and Spell

Armenians
bulla
Medes
scarab
seal

Short Answer
1. Who discovered Nineveh?
2. What was the name of the ruins where Layard first
started digging?
3. What was the name of the king of Israel that was
mentioned on the black pillar Layard found
in Nimrud?
4. What was the name of the king of Israel when
Sennacherib besieged Jerusalem?
5. How many cities did Sennacherib claim
he conquered?
12 The Archaeology Book Study Guide

Activities
1. Try and get some plasticine or soft clay. Press it down
flat. Then get a pencil or small twig of a tree the
width of a pencil. Cut one end to form a triangle,
then press this end down horizontally and verticallyon the clay. You will thus be making cuneiform
impressions.
2. Sometimes archaeologists must learn a language to
help them understand a culture better, just as Layard
studied the Persian language. Choose a language
to study briefly and obtain several books from the
library to help you learn some basic words and
phrases.

The Archaeology Book Study Guide 13

CHAPTER 6

Babylon: City of Gold

Text: Pages 46 to 51

Terms to Know and Spell

cuneiform
strata
syncline

Short Answer
1. What was the name of the cuneiform record which
told a story similar to the Bible record of Noah and
the flood?
2. Which Assyrian king compiled a library of tablets in
Nineveh?
3. What did the Babel builders stick their bricks
together with?
4. Which king made Babylon a city of gold?
5. Which Bible prophet predicted that Babylon would
become uninhabited?

14 The Archaeology Book Study Guide

Activities
1. Log onto the Internet and type in Ishtar Gate.
Under this heading click on The Ishtar Gate Berlin
Museum. This will bring up a picture of the gate
from Babylon that Professor Koldewey sent back to
Berlin.
2. Research the Bible account of the Flood and
compare this account with other accounts from
around the world. A good resource from a Christian
perspective is Flood Legends by Charles Martin.

The Archaeology Book Study Guide 15

CHAPTER 7
Persia

Text: Pages 52 to 59

Terms to Know and Spell

Persia
rhyton

Short Answer
1. Who was the king who first carved out the MedoPersian Empire?
2. In what year did he conquer Babylon?
3. Which Persian king left a trilingual inscription on the
rock face at Bisitun?
4. What was the name of the great Persian city that
Darius built?
5. What was the name of the official who tried to
destroy all the Jews in Persia?

Activities
1. Read the book of Esther in the Bible and count how
many times the word God is used. You may
be surprised.
16 The Archaeology Book Study Guide

2. Study the celebration of Purim that is still celebrated

today. Observe how the traditions and even the
games relate back to Queen Esther.

The Archaeology Book Study Guide 17

CHAPTER 8
Petra

Text: Pages 60 to 69

Terms to Know and Spell

bedouin
cistern
Edom
Edomites
Nabataeans
siq
theater
wadi

Short Answer
1. In what year did Burckhardt discover Petra?
2. Whose descendants occupied Petra?
3. What were his descendants called?

18 The Archaeology Book Study Guide

4. Which Bible prophet wrote a book about Petra?

5. Which Roman emperor had a road made through
Petra?

Activities
1. Pottery in Petra was very thin. Try and get some
plasticine or clay and make a small teacup without a
handle. See how thin you can make it.
2. Set up a tent in your yard and talk about what it
would be like to live life as a Bedouin, wandering
from place to place. Consider staying overnight in
the tent, weather permitting.

The Archaeology Book Study Guide 19

CHAPTER 9

The Phoenicians
Text: Pages 70 to 77

Terms to Know and Spell

Baal
causeway
Yehovah

Short Answer
1. What were the four main cities of ancient
Phoemicia
2. What trees was Phoenicia famous for?
3. Whose tomb did Pierre Montet find?
4. Which Bible prophet challenged the prophets of
Baal?
5. Which Bible prophet predicted that ancient Tyre
would never be found?

20 The Archaeology Book Study Guide

Activities
1. Find a map of the Mediterranean Sea and try to
work out how far it is from Phoenicia, modern
Lebanon, to Spain. That is how far Phoenician ships
sailed.
2. Make a relief of your hand by pressing your palm
and fingers into a flat piece of clay or by pressing foil
over your hand to make a metallic looking imprint.
See how much detail you can add once the initial
impression is made.

The Archaeology Book Study Guide 21

CHAPTER 10

The Dead Sea Scrolls

Text: Pages 78 to 83

Terms to Know and Spell

scroll
vellum

Short Answer
1. In what year was the first Dead Sea Scroll found?
2. How many letters were in the Hebrew alphabet?
3. What were most of the Dead Sea Scrolls written on?
4. Which is the longest acrostic in the Bible?
5. What was the name of the settlement near the cave
of the wounded partridge?

Activities
1. Find a King James version of the Bible and look at
Psalm 19. At the beginning of every eighth verse you
will find a letter of the Hebrew alphabet. Try and
write out the 22 letters of the alphabet.
2. Take several pieces of white or tan cardstock. Write
or paint a favorite Bible passage across it. When dry,
roll up the scroll and tie it off with ribbon or string.
22 The Archaeology Book Study Guide

CHAPTER 11
Israel

Text: Pages 84 to 93

Terms to Know and Spell

annunciation
Calvary
Golgotha
grotto
Messiah
ossuary
Passover

Short Answer
1. Which Roman Emperor adopted Christianity as the
state religion?
2. Jesus name in Hebrew was Yeshua. What does that
mean?
3. In what city did Jesus live most of his life?
4. Which city in Galilee was called Jesus own city?
The Archaeology Book Study Guide 23

5. What does the word Calvary mean?

Activities
1. At the back of most Bibles are maps of Palestine.
Try and calculate how far it was from Jerusalem to
Galilee. Jesus walked this distance many times.
2. Utilizing poster board or cardstock, create a map of
Israel. You might consider paints or markers to color
the rivers, lakes, and land. Glue on small blocks or
other objects to represent towns and cities.

24 The Archaeology Book Study Guide

ANSWER KEY
CHAPTER 1
What Archaeology is All About Text: Pages 6 to 19

Terms to Know and Spell

accession year the year a king actually began his reign
AD Anno Domini (the year of our lord); the years
after the Christian era began
Archaeology study of beginnings
Artifact an item from antiquity found in

an excavation
BC Before Christ; the years before the Christian
era began
carbon dating calculating the amount of carbon left

in organic material that has died
ceramic something made of pottery
chronology time periods, dates in which

events happened
debris discarded rubbish
EB the Early Bronze Period
exile a people sent out of their home country to

another country
exodus going out, applied to the Israelites

leaving Egypt
The Archaeology Book Study Guide 25

hieroglyphs Egyptian picture writing

LB the Late Bronze Period
MB the Middle Bronze Period
millennium one thousand years
non-accession year the first complete year of a

kings reign
pottery a vessel made of clay fired in a kiln
stratum a layer of occupation exposed by excavations

(plural strata)
synchronism something happening at the same time
tell a Hebrew word meaning ruins applied to hills
on which people once lived

Short Answer
1. A study about beginnings
2. Defense, heat, and floods
3. 600 BC
4. Biblos
5. Early Bronze, Middle Bronze, Late Bronze, Iron Age.

CHAPTER 2
Land of Egypt Text: Pages 20 to 29

Terms to Know and Spell

Asiatic in Egyptian terms, someone from Syria

or Palestine
26 The Archaeology Book Study Guide

baulk the vertical ridge left between two excavated

squares in the ground
dowry gift given to a prospective bride at the time of

her marriage
drachma a Greek coin worth about a days wages
dynasty a succession of kings descended from

one another
mastabas mud-brick structures beneath which were

tomb chambers
Nubia a country south of Egypt now called Sudan
Pharoah title applied to many Egyptian kings

Short Answer
1. Misr
2. Zoser
3. Khufu
4. Hapi
5. Straw

CHAPTER 3
The Hittites Text: Pages 30 to 35

Terms to Know and Spell

amphitheater a circle of seats surrounding an area

w
 here gladiators fought each other or
fought wild beasts
Anatolia mountainous area in central Turkey
The Archaeology Book Study Guide 27

bathhouse a club where citizens could bathe in cold,

warm, or hot water
inscription writing made on clay, stone, papyrus, or

animal skins

Short Answer
1. The Hittites
2. Hittites and Egyptians
3. Heth
4. Forty six
5. William Wright

CHAPTER 4
Ur of the Chaldees Text: Pages 36 to 41

Terms to Know and Spell

centurian a military officer in charge of a

hundred men
Chaldees people who used to live in southern Iraq
nomad a person who lived in a tent that could be

moved from place to place
papyrus sheets of writing material made from the

Egyptian papyrus plant tanner

Short Answer
1. Four
2. Sir Leonard Woolley
3. He wanted to learn more about Ur before he
excavated such an important site
4. Sumerians
5. Evidence of human sacrifice
28 The Archaeology Book Study Guide

CHAPTER 5
Assyria Text: Pages 42 to 45

Terms to Know and Spell

Armenians people who lived in eastern Turkey and

northern Iraq
bulla an impression made on clay with a seal

(plural bullae)
Medes people who used to live in northern Iran
scarab model of a dung beetle with an inscription

engraved on it for sealing documents
seal an object made of stone, metal, or clay with a
name engraved on it used to impress in soft clay

Short Answer
1. Henry Austin Layard
2. Nimrud
3. Jehu
4. Hezekiah
5. Forty six

CHAPTER 6

Babylon: City of Gold Text: Pages 46 to 51

Terms to Know and Spell

cuneiform a form of writing using a wedge-shaped

stylus to make an impression on a clay

tablet
strata a layer of occupation exposed by excavations
The Archaeology Book Study Guide 29

syncline a boat-shaped geological formation

Short Answer
1. The Gilgamesh Epic
2. Ashur-Bani-Pal
3. Asphalt
4. Nebuchadnezzar
5. Isaiah

CHAPTER 7
Persia Text: Pages 52 to 59

Terms to Know and Spell

Persia a country in central Iran
rhyton a drinking vessel shaped like a human

or animal

Short Answer
1. Cyrus the Great
2. 539 BC
3. Darius the Great
4. Persepolis
5. Haman

CHAPTER 8
Petra Text: Pages 60 to 69

Terms to Know and Spell

bedouin Arabs living in tents with no fixed address
cistern a hole dug in rock to store rainwater
30 The Archaeology Book Study Guide

Edom country in southern Jordan

Edomites people descended from Edom, also known

as Esau, Jacobs brother
Nabataeans people descended from Nabaioth who

occupied Petra
siq narrow valley between two high rock formations
theater a stage for actors in front of which was a

semi-circle of seats
wadi a dry river bed, carrying water only when

it rained

Short Answer
1. 1812 AD
2. Esaus
3. Edomites
4. Obadiah
5. Trajan

CHAPTER 9
The Phoenicians Text: Pages 70 to 77

Terms to Know and Spell

Baal a word meaning lord and the name of a
Phoenician gold
causeway a built-up road
Yehovah a Hebrew name for God, usually spelled

Jehovah, but there is no J in the Hebrew

alphabet
The Archaeology Book Study Guide 31

Short Answer
1. Gebal, Berytus Sidon and Tyre
2. Cyprus
3. Ahiram
4. Elijah
5. Ezekiel

CHAPTER 10
The Dead Sea Scrolls Text: Pages 78 to 83

Terms to Know and Spell

Scroll papyrus or animal skin document rolled up

into a cylinder
vellum animal skin treated to be used as

writing material

Short Answer
1. Gebal, Berytus Sidon and Tyre
2. Cyprus
3. Ahiram
4. Elijah
5. Ezekiel

CHAPTER 11
Israel Text: Pages 84 to 93

Terms to Know and Spell

annunciation an announcement
Calvary Latin word meaning skull
32 The Archaeology Book Study Guide

Golgotha Hebrew word meaning skull

grotto cave
Messiah meaning Anointed One and applied to an

expected Jewish leader
ossuary a box in which human bones were preserved
Passover Jewish ceremony celebrating the Exodus

from Egypt

Short Answer
1. Constantine
2. Yehovah saves
3. Nazareth
4. Capernaum
5. Skull

Notes
_________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________

Notes
_________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________

et ready to explore the world of archaeology, from

ancient alphabets to ziggurats! The archaeological
discoveries of the Middle East continue to confirm
the historical accuracy and reliable authority
of the Bible.
This newest book in the Wonders of Creation series
brings to light:
How the brilliance of ancient cultures demonstrates
Gods creation
How ancient alphabets paved the way to the
discovery of biblical texts, and
the clues that helped in the
discovery of the city of Petra

The Dead Sea Scrolls, Egypt, Israel, the

historic lands of the Hittites, Babylon,
Persia, and more
This study guide has been developed as a
companion tool for use in small group studies
or homeschool settings with The Archaeology
Book. Use the time-tested method of filling
in answers, reviewing glossary terms, and
exploring the topic further with activities
as you read for greater comprehension and
retention.
Use this book to be better prepared to defend
and proclaim the authority and relevance of
Gods Word.
ABOUT THE AUTHOR
Dr. David Down, a field archaeologist for over
four decades, excavates regularly in Israel and has
been involved in numerous digs over the years. He
leads annual tours to the Middle East and is editor/
publisher for the journal Diggings and the magazine,
Archaeological Diggings.
RELIGION/Antiquities & Archaeology
RELIGION/Christian Education/Children
& Youth
$3.99 U.S. RELIGION/Antiquities & Archaeology

Education/Children
ISBN-13: RELIGION/Christian
&978-0-89221-588-4
Youth

$3.99 U.S.

EAN

ISBN-13: 978-0-89051-588-4

EAN