This document provides an introduction to genetics and describes some key concepts:
1) Genes contain DNA instructions that make proteins through transcription and translation. The human genome has between 20,000-25,000 genes that are inherited in pairs from each parent.
2) Small differences in DNA sequences between alleles contribute to unique physical traits in individuals.
3) An activity is described that uses an interactive simulation to illustrate the central dogma of biology - the process by which DNA is transcribed into mRNA and then translated into proteins. Students will learn about transcription, translation, and gene regulation.
This document provides an introduction to genetics and describes some key concepts:
1) Genes contain DNA instructions that make proteins through transcription and translation. The human genome has between 20,000-25,000 genes that are inherited in pairs from each parent.
2) Small differences in DNA sequences between alleles contribute to unique physical traits in individuals.
3) An activity is described that uses an interactive simulation to illustrate the central dogma of biology - the process by which DNA is transcribed into mRNA and then translated into proteins. Students will learn about transcription, translation, and gene regulation.
This document provides an introduction to genetics and describes some key concepts:
1) Genes contain DNA instructions that make proteins through transcription and translation. The human genome has between 20,000-25,000 genes that are inherited in pairs from each parent.
2) Small differences in DNA sequences between alleles contribute to unique physical traits in individuals.
3) An activity is described that uses an interactive simulation to illustrate the central dogma of biology - the process by which DNA is transcribed into mRNA and then translated into proteins. Students will learn about transcription, translation, and gene regulation.
This document provides an introduction to genetics and describes some key concepts:
1) Genes contain DNA instructions that make proteins through transcription and translation. The human genome has between 20,000-25,000 genes that are inherited in pairs from each parent.
2) Small differences in DNA sequences between alleles contribute to unique physical traits in individuals.
3) An activity is described that uses an interactive simulation to illustrate the central dogma of biology - the process by which DNA is transcribed into mRNA and then translated into proteins. Students will learn about transcription, translation, and gene regulation.
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Nice Looking Genes!
Introduction Why do we resemble our parents? How do viruses hijack cells? How does a single cell grow into a whole human? Why are some diseases more common in some races than in others? Genetics aims to find the answers. A gene is the basic physical and functional unit of heredity. Genes, which are made up of DNA, act as instructions to make molecules called proteins. The Human Genome Project has estimated that humans have between 20,000 and 25,000 genes. Every person has two copies of each gene, one inherited from each parent. Most genes are the same in all people, but a small number of genes (less than 1 percent of the total) are slightly different between people. Alleles are forms of the same gene with small differences in their sequence of DNA bases. These small differences contribute to each persons unique physical features.
Activity # 1 Express that Genes!
Objectives: At the end of the lesson, the students will be able to: a. Understand the concept of Central Dogma of Biology b. Explain the process between Transcription and Translation c. Identify the parts in the process of Transcription and Translation
Materials:
Computer (with Installed PhET)
1 Bond paper
1 whole sheet of paper
Pen
Procedure:
1. Open PhET Simulations in the desktop.
2. Click the play with sims...>.
3. On the left side, click Biology.
4. Then find Gene Expressions The basics. And click Run Now!.
5. Once opened, Grab Positive Transcription Factor (located in the Biomolecule
Toolbox) and place it in the DNA. Make sure to place the Positive Transcription Factor in the accurate spot.
* Examine the piece of DNA that runs across the screen. What are the 2 parts of Gene 1? _____________________________ and ____________________________
* Where does the positive
______________________
transcription
6. Grab one of the RNA polymerase and place it in the DNA. Again, make sure to place the RNA polymerase in the accurate spot. Then observe what happens. (Write your observations on a sheet of paper.)
*What do you call the _________________________
*Where does it take place in the cell? _________________________
7. Click one of the Ribosome and attached it with mRNA. Then Grab its product in the collection box.
*What do you call the _________________________
*Where does it take place in the cell? _________________________
*What is the product _______________________
8. Repeat procedures from number 6 to 7 with the other RNA polymerase and Ribosome.
process
process
of
the
factor
that
that
process
stick
occurred
occurred
mRNA
to
in
in
by
the
DNA?
number
number
6?
7?
Ribosome?
9. Remove Positive Transcription Factor from the DNA and replace it with Negative Transcription Factor. Then, Grab one RNA polymerase and place it beside Negative Transcription Factor. Observe the movement of RNA polymerase. (Write your observations on a sheet of paper.)
10. Once done, click Next Gene in the lower right side of the screen.
11. Grab the first Positive Transcription Factor in the DNA.
12. Grab the second Positive Transcription Factor and place it beside the first positive transcription factor.
13. Grab one of the RNA polymerase and place it beside the first positive transcription factor. Then observe what happens. (Write your observations on a sheet of paper.)
14. Grab one of the Ribosome and attached it with mRNA. Then Grab its product in the collection box.
15. Repeat procedures from number 13 to 14 with the other RNA polymerase and Ribosome.
16. Remove Positive Transcription Factor in the DNA and replace it with Negative Transcription Factor.
17. Grab one RNA polymerase and place it beside Negative Transcription Factor. Observe the movement of RNA polymerase. (Write your observations on a sheet of paper.)
18. Grab one mRNA destroyer and attached it to mRNA. Then observe what happens. (Write your observations on a sheet of paper.)
19. Afterwards, click Next Gene in the lower right side of the screen. Then repeat procedures number 11-17.
20. Now, your collection is complete!
* Trace the flow of information from DNA to a protein, write the names of the processes above each arrow.
