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HARDWARE+SOFTWARE=COMPUTER
HARDWARE: Computer hardware is the physical parts or
components of a computer.

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IPOS (INPUT PROCESS OUTPUT STORAGE)

Computer can perform Numerical, Alphabetic, Alpha-numeric and logical
operations. On different types of data. Like-1) Numbers, 2) Alphabet 3)
Images, 4) Audio, 5) Video. etc .

Input Devices
An input device lets you communicate with a computer. You can use input devices to enter
information and issue commands. A keyboard, mouse, scanner, digital camera, touch pads and
joystick are examples of input devices.

Pointing Devices
Pointing devices move some object on the screen and can do some action

Common pointing devices

1. Mouse - Most common pointing and GUI input
device.

2. Track ball - basically an upside down mouse.

3. Joystick It is a gaming device for playing

game in computer.

Keyboard
1. Used to type data into the
computer.
2. Most common input device
today.

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Scanner
A scanner allows you to scan documents, pictures, or graphics and view them on the
computer. You can also use software to edit the items you scan.

Light pen
A pen-shaped device for direct interaction with a computer through a cathode-ray tube
Display.

Web Cam
Webcams are video capturing devices connected to computers or computer networks, often
using USB or, if they connect to networks, Ethernet or Wi-Fi

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Microphone

Used to put sound into a computer

Need sound recording software

OMR (Optical Mark Reader/ Recognition)

Optical Mark Recognition/Reader is a method of computerized input from (usually) paper
forms.

MICR (Magnetic Ink Character Recognition)

Magnetic Ink Character Recognition is a character recognition system that uses special ink
and characters. When a document that contains this ink needs to be read, it passes through
a machine, which magnetizes the ink and then translates the magnetic information into
characters.

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Touch Screen
A touch screen is a computer display
screen that is also an input device. The
screens are sensitive to pressure; a
user interacts with the computer by
touching pictures or words on the
screen.

Thumb impression
A fingerprint is an impression of the
friction ridges on all parts of the finger.
It is used for security purpose.

Touchpad
A flat surface which is sensitive to
touch, used mostly in laptop computers to control an on-screen cursor

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PROCESSING UNIT (SYSTEM UNIT)

A computer system unit contains many parts---

Central Processing Unit (CPU)

CPUs have three basic parts

The Arithmetic Logic Unit (ALU)

The Control Unit
General purpose registers

Memory
Primary memory can be used directly by the CPU

Random Access Memory (RAM)

1. Store data and instructions that are used by the CPU to perform some task.
2. The instructions in RAM are constantly changing, depending on the needs of the CPU.
3. The instructions in RAM are volatile.

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Read Only Memory (ROM)

Stores instructions that are used by the CPU
1. The instructions in ROM cannot usually be changed
2. The instructions in ROM are nonvolatile. They stay
3. in ROM even when the computer is turned off.

Motherboard
A motherboard, also known as a main board, main board, logic board or system board, is the central or
primary circuit board making up a complex electronic system, such as a computer. The motherboard
contains the connectors for attaching additional boards. Typically, the motherboard contains the CPU,
BIOS, memory, mass storage interfaces, serial and parallel ports, expansion slots, and all the controllers
required to control standard peripheral devices, such as the display screen, keyboard, and disk drive.
Collectively, all these chips that reside on the motherboard are known as the motherboard's chipset.

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STORAGE DEVICE
FDD (floppy disk drive)
A floppy disk is a removable rotating flexible (or floppy) magnetic storage disk.

According to size floppy drive are three types

1-8
2-31/2
3-51/4

HDD (Hard disk drive)

A magnetic disk in which you can store computer data. The term hard is used to distinguish it
from a soft, or floppy, disk. Hard disks hold more data and are faster than floppy disks.

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Optical disk drive

In computing, an optical disc drive (ODD) is a disk drive that uses laser light or electromagnetic
waves near the light spectrum as part of the process of reading or writing data to or from optical
discs. Compact discs, DVDs and Blue-ray discs are common types of optical media which can be
read and recorded by such drives.

Flash memory

PEN DRIVE- A USB flash drive consists of flash memory data

storage device integrated with a USB (Universal Serial Bus) 1.1 or
2.0 interface.

MEMORY CARD - A memory card or flash memory card is solid-state electronic flash memory
data storage device capable of storing digital contents.

CARD READER

MEMORY CARDS

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OUTPUT DEVICE
An output device is any piece of computer hardware equipment used to communicate the
results of data processing carried out by an information processing system (such as a computer)
to the outside world.

MONITOR
A monitor or display (sometimes called a visual display unit) is a piece of electrical
equipment which displays images generated by devices such as computers, without
producing a permanent record.

Types of monitors:
1) CRT
2) LCD/TFT
3) LED/OLED

PRINTER

Printers produce a hard copy

Dot-matrix printers (impact printer)

make dots on a piece of paper.

Uses metal pins to strike an inked ribbon to

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Ink jet printers (non-impact printer) Use drops of magnetic ink to produce dots on
a page to produce text or images.

Laser printers (non-impact printer) Laser printer is an electrostatic digital machine

that rapidly produces high quality text and graphics by passing a laser beam over a charged
drum to define a differentially charged image.

NEW TECHNOLOGY DEVICES

SSD (SOLID STATE DRIVE):

Solid-state drives actually aren't hard drive in the

traditional sense of the term, as there are no moving parts involved. A traditional hard disk
drive (HDD) consists of a spinning disk with a read/write head on a mechanical arm. An
SSD, on the other hand, has an array of semiconductor memory organized as a disk drive,
using integrated circuits (ICs) rather than magnetic or optical storage media.

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Holographic versatile disc (HVD): It

is a holographic storage format that looks

like a DVD but is capable of storing far more

data. The HVD process uses a blue-green
laser beam, used for reading and writing data,
collimated (made parallel) with a red laser
beam.

Wireless hard disk: Allows you to wirelessly access, save and share data, so you can
stream up to 4 high-definition videos simultaneously or connect up
to 8 compatible devices. It works on USB 3.0/2.0 interface.

3D SCANNER: This low-cost handheld 3D scanner captures extremely high-quality 3D shape

and color for multiple 3D applications. It works on new Multi-Laser Scanning Technology.

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3D PRINTER: 3D printing or additive manufacturing is a process of making three

dimensional solid objects from a digital file. MakerBot is leading the next industrial revolution
in desktop 3D printing for professional,
educational, and home use.

3D PROJECTOR: 3D projection is any method of mapping three-dimensional points to a

two-dimensional plane. As most current
methods for displaying graphical data are
based on two-dimensional media, the
use of this type of projection is
widespread, especially in computer
graphics, engineering and drafting.

PROJECT SOLI: Project Soli is

developing a new interaction sensor
using radar technology. The sensor
can track sub-millimeter motions at
high speed and accuracy. Project Soli,
the system identifies subtle finger
movements using radar built into tiny
microchips.

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Related Questions
Q1. Which device is used as the standard pointing device in a Graphical User
Environment
1-Keyboard

2-Mouse

3-Joystick

5-none of
these

4-Track ball

Ans 2

Q2. Which of the following is not an output device?

1 Scanner

2 Printer

3 Flat Screen

5 none of
these

4 Touch Screen

Ans 1

Q3. Which of the following devices have a limitation that we can only information to it but cannot
erase or modify it
1 Floppy
5 none of
4 CDROM
2 Hard Disk 3 Tape Drive
Disk
these
Ans 4

Q4. Which technology is used in Compact disks?

1
2 Electrical 3 Electro Magnetic 4 Laser
Mechanical
Ans 4

5 none of
these

Q5. Which of the following storage devices can store maximum amount of data?
2 Hard
5 none of
1 Floppy Disk
3 Compact Disk
4 tape
Disk
these
Ans- 2

Q6. Which of the following is the largest manufacturer of Hard Disk Drives?
1 IBM
Ans 2

2 Segate

3 Microsoft

4 3M

5 none of
these

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Q7. The programs which are as permanent as hardware and stored in ROM is known as
1 Hardware

3 Firmware

2 Software

4 ROMware

5 none of
these

Ans- 3

Q8. The smallest resolvable part of the screen is

1 byte

2 point

3 pixel

5 none of
these

4data

Ans 3

Q9. EPROM can be used for

1 Erasing the 2 Reconstructing 3 Erasing and
4 Duplicating
reconstructing the contents
contents of
the contents of
ROM
of ROM
ROM
ROM
Ans 3

5 none of
these

Q10. Memory unit is one part of

1 Input device

2 Control unit 3 Output device

4 Central
Processing Unit

Ans 4

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5 none of
these