SCIENCE (52)

BIOLOGY
SCIENCE Paper - 3
of the significance of life and its importance in
human welfare.

Aims:
1. To acquire the knowledge of the economic
importance of plants and animals.
2. To develop an understanding of
inter-relationship between sustainability
environmental adaptations.

4. To understand the capacities and limitations of all

the biological and economic activities so as to be
able to use them for a better quality of life.

the
and

5. To acquire the ability to observe, experiment,

hypothesis, infer, handle equipment accurately
and make correct recordings.

3. To develop an understanding of the

interdependence of plants and animals so as to
enable pupils to acquire a clearer comprehension

CLASS IX
There will be one paper of two hours duration of 80
Marks and Internal Assessment of Practical Work
Carrying 20 Marks.

To be taught in brief with respect to location,

basic structure and function, giving typical
examples of their location so as to enable
pupils to understand their role in different
physiological processes in plants and
animals.

The paper will be divided into two sections, Section I

(40 marks) and Section II (40 marks).
Section I (compulsory) will contain short answer
questions on the entire syllabus.

2.

Flowering Plants
(i) Vegetative Propagation: Artificial methods,
advantages and disadvantages. Economic
importance
of
artificial
propagation,
Hybridisation.and Micro Propagation. Brief
idea of Biotechnology and its applications
role in medicine and industry.

Section II will contain six questions. Candidates will

be required to answer any four of these six questions.
1. Basic Biology
(i) The cell, a unit of life, protoplasm, basic
difference
between
prokaryotic
and
eukaryotic cell; differences between an animal
and a plant cell.

The concept in brief with suitable examples.

Artificial methods: cutting, grafting and
layering with examples. Advantages and
disadvantages of vegetative reproduction to
be discussed.

A basic understanding of the cell theory,

structure of plant and animal cell with
functions of various cell organelles.
(Protoplam, Cytoplasm, Cell Wall, Cell
Membrane,
Nucleus,
Nucleolous,
Mitochondria,
Endoplasmic
Reticulum,
Ribosome, Golgibodies, Plastids, Lysosomes,
Centrosome and Vacuole). Difference
between a plant cell and an animal cell
should be mainly discussed with respect to
cell wall, centrosome and vacuoles and
plastids.

Economic
importance
propagation.

of

artificial

Hybridization: Meaning and benefits.

Micro Propagation: meaning, uses and
limitations.
Brief idea of biotechnology (example - human
insulin from E.coli. Applications of
biotechnology: in medicine penicillin,
tetracycline; in industry (example cheese,
vinegar, yogurt, alcoholic beverages;

(ii) Tissues: Types of plant and animal tissues.

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4. Diversity in living organisms / Eco systems

synthesis of vitamins namely vitamin C; and

enzymes - namely lipase).

(i) Understanding ecosystems Definition.

Interaction between biotic and abiotic factors.

(ii) Flower: Structure of a bisexual flower,

functions of various parts.

Biotic component consisting of producers,

consumers, decomposers. Terms of food
chain, food web, pyramid.

A brief introduction to complete and

incomplete flowers. Essential and nonessential whorls of a bisexual flower; their
various parts and functions. Use of charts or
actual specimens help enhance clarity of
concepts.

Brief account of Abiotic or nonliving

components such as air, soil, water and
climatic factors like sunlight, temperature,
humidity and wind.

Inflorescence and placentation (types are not

required in both cases).

Only Forest Ecosystem with its flora and

fauna to be taught.

(iii) Pollination: self and cross-pollination.

(ii) A brief outline of five Kingdom classification:

Explanation, advantages and disadvantages

of self and cross-pollination, agents of
pollination and the characteristic features of
flowers pollinated by various agents to be
discussed.

Main characteristics of each kingdom with

suitable examples Monera, Protista, Fungi,
Plantae
(Thallophyta,
Bryophyta,
Pteridophyta and Spermatophyta) and
Animalia (Non-chordates from Porifera to
Echinodermata and Chordates - all five
Classes)

(iv) Fertilisation.
Events taking place between pollination and
fertilisation should be discussed up to fusion
of male gamete with egg cell in the embryo
sac. Students should be familiar with the
terms double fertilization and triple fusion.
Fruit and Seed (definition) and significance of
Fruit and Seed.

(iii) Economic importance of Bacteria:

Economic importance of bacteria:
Useful role of bacteria - medicine
(antibiotics,
serums
and
vaccines);
agriculture; (nitrogen fixing, nitrifying and
denitrifying bacteria) and industry (curing of
tea, tanning of leather)

3. Plant Physiology
(i) Structure of dicot and monocot seeds,
Germination of seeds, types, and conditions
for seed germination.

Harmful role of bacteria in spoilage of food,

disease in plants and animals, bio-weapons,
denitrification.
(iv) Economic importance of Fungi:

Structure and germination of Bean seed and

Maize grain. Differences between hypogeal
and epigeal germination. Conditions for seed
germination should be dealt with by
experiments.

Economic importance of Fungi:

Useful role of Fungi in breweries, bakeries,
cheese processing, mushroom cultivation
(Processes of manufacture are not required in
each case).

(ii) Respiration in plants: outline of the process,

gaseous exchange.

5. Human Anatomy and Physiology

A brief outline of the process mentioning the

term Glycolysis, Krebs cycle and their
significance. Reference to be made to aerobic
and anaerobic respiration with chemical
equations in each case. Experiments on
gaseous exchange and on heat production.

(a) Nutrition:
(i) Classes of food: balanced diet.
Malnutrition and deficiency diseases.
Functions
of
carbohydrates,
fats,
proteins, mineral salts (calcium, iodine,
iron and sodium), vitamins and water in
proper functioning of the body to be
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discussed. Sources of vitamins their

functions and deficiency diseases to be
discussed. Students should be familiar
with the term Balanced Diet.
Importance of cellulose in our diet should
be discussed. Students should be taught
about Kwashiorkor and Marasmus.

breathing must be explained to provide a

clear idea of breathing process. Brief idea of
gaseous transport and tissue respiration to be
given.
6. Health and Hygiene
Cause of diseases:

(ii) the structure of a tooth, different types of

teeth.

(i) Bacteria - types of bacteria, bacterial control,

three examples of diseases caused by bacteria
e.g. Tuberculosis, Tetanus, Syphilis (Veneral
disease).

Structure of a tooth to be discussed with

the help of a diagram. Functions of
different types of teeth must also be
taught.

(ii) Virus - nature of viruses, three examples of

viral diseases e.g. Poliomyelitis, Mumps,
Rabies, etc. Introduction to HIV, its outline
structure and spread.

(iii) Digestive System: Organs and digestive

glands and their functions (including
enzymes and their functions in digestion;
absorption, utilisation of digested food);
tests for reducing sugar, starch, protein
and fats.

(iii) Parasites - two examples,

tapeworm and their control.

(iv) Brief idea of endemic, epidemic, pandemic,

and sporadic.

Organs and their functions; functions of

saliva; brief idea of peristalsis; digestion
in various parts of alimentary canal. Tests
for sugar, starch, protein and fats.

(v) Hygiene: simple personal hygiene and social

conditions affecting this. Disease carriers
(vectors) flies, rats and cockroaches,
contamination of water, waterborne diseases.

(b) Movement and Locomotion:

(i)

roundworm,

General idea of personal hygiene, public

hygiene and sanitation, control of housefly,
mosquitoes, cockroaches and rats (life history
not required). Water borne diseases like
cholera, dysentery and Hepatitis.

Functions of human skeleton

(ii) Axial and Appendicular Skeleton

(iii) Types of joints immovable, slightly
movable and freely movable (hinge joint,
ball and socket joint, gliding joint, pivot
joint.)

7. Waste generation and management

(a) Sources of waste - domestic, industrial,
agricultural,
commercial
and
other
establishments.
Domestic waste: paper, glass, plastic, rags,
kitchen waste, etc.
Industrial : mining operations, cement
factories, oil refineries, construction units.
Agricultural : plant remains, animal waste,
processing waste.
Municipal sewage : Sewage, degradable and
non degradable waste from offices, etc.
e-waste: brief idea about e-waste.

(c) Structure and functions of skin.

Various parts of the skin and their functions
to be taught with the help of diagrams; heat
regulation, vasodilation, vasoconstriction to
be explained.
(d) Respiratory System: Organs; mechanism of
breathing; tissue respiration, heat production.
Differences between anaerobic respiration in
plants and in man. Brief idea of respiratory
volumes, effect of altitude on breathing and
asphyxiation should be taught. Role of
diaphragm and intercostals muscles in

(b) Methods of safe disposal of waste:

segregation, dumping, composting, drainage,
treatment of effluents before discharge,
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incineration, use of scrubbers and electro

static precipitators.
Segregation of domestic waste into
biodegradable and non-biodegradable by
households : sweeping from gardens to be
converted to compost; sewage treatment
plants.

internal structure so that they can identify the

various parts and draw and label them.
ANIMAL LIFE
(i) The examination of a human cheek cell under the
microscope to study various parts of the cell.
Students should be given an idea of staining,
mounting the specimen and handling the
microscope. They should observe the structures
and draw labelled diagrams
(ii) Identification of sugar, starch, protein and fat.
Students should perform different tests for
identification and write down their observations
and inference in tabular form.
(iii) Examination and identification of specimens
belonging to the following groups of animals:
Porifera, Coelenterata, Annelida, Platyhelminthes,
Nemathelminthes, Arthropoda. Mollusca and
Echinodermata.
The specimens or models of the given groups of
animals should be shown to the students and
reasons for their identification in that particular
group should be given. Diagrams should be
drawn as observed in the specimens and not from
the books. Only those structures that are observed
should be drawn and labelled.
(iv) Study of different types of movable joints in
human beings.
(v) Identification of the structure of the following
organs through specimens/models and charts:,
Lung.and skin.
(vi) Experiments to show the mechanism of breathing.
Bell jar experiment should be discussed.
Comparison should be made with the human
lungs and respiratory tract to show the
mechanism of breathing.

INTERNAL ASSESSMENT OF
PRACTICAL WORK

The practical work will be designed to test the ability

of the candidates to make accurate observations from
specimens of plants and animals. For this, candidates
should be familiar with the use of a hand lens of not
less than x 6 magnification. They should be trained to
make both simple and accurate drawings and brief
notes as a means of recording their observations.
The practical examiners will assume that candidates
would have carried out the practical work outlined
below.
NOTE: Candidates are expected to have a basic idea
of plant morphology.
PLANT LIFE
(i) The examination of an onion peel under the
microscope to study various parts of the cell.
Students should be given an idea of removal of
onion peel, staining, mounting the specimen and
handling the microscope. They should observe
the structures and draw labelled diagrams.
(ii) A cross-pollinated flower to be examined and
identified and the parts to be studied and labelled
e.g. Hibiscus.
Specimens should be provided to the students
from which they should be asked to draw
diagrams showing the various parts.

(vii)Visit a few establishments in the locality such as

motor repair workshops, kilns, pottery making
units, fish and vegetable markets, restaurants,
dyeing units. Find out the types of wastes and
methods prevalent for their disposal. On the basis
of the information collected prepare a report,
suggest measures to improve the environmental
conditions.

The flower to be discussed in order of the four

whorls with diagrams of the complete flower,
reproductive parts and T.S of ovary to show the
arrangement of ovules. Students should draw
directly from the specimen provided so that they
have a clear idea of the whorls and their location.
(iii) Specimens of germinating seeds with plumule
and radicle ( the bean seed and maize grain) for
examination, identification, drawing and
labelling the parts.

(viii) Visit a water treatment plant, sewage treatment

plant or garbage dumping or vermi composting
sites in the locality and study their working.

Seeds soaked in water should be provided. The

students themselves should see the external and
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