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Intro To Component of Reciprocating Pump

This document describes the key components of a reciprocating positive displacement pump. It discusses both single-acting and double-acting pumps. The main components common to all reciprocating pumps are the piston or plunger, liquid cylinder, suction check valve, discharge check valve, and packing. Direct-acting pumps have the motor directly connected to the crankshaft, while indirect-acting pumps separate the motor from the crankshaft to avoid leakage of hazardous liquids. The document outlines the main components of both direct-acting and indirect-acting pumps such as the cylinder, crankshaft, connecting rod, crosshead, bearings, and frame.

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Muhammad Ridhwan
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1K views

Intro To Component of Reciprocating Pump

This document describes the key components of a reciprocating positive displacement pump. It discusses both single-acting and double-acting pumps. The main components common to all reciprocating pumps are the piston or plunger, liquid cylinder, suction check valve, discharge check valve, and packing. Direct-acting pumps have the motor directly connected to the crankshaft, while indirect-acting pumps separate the motor from the crankshaft to avoid leakage of hazardous liquids. The document outlines the main components of both direct-acting and indirect-acting pumps such as the cylinder, crankshaft, connecting rod, crosshead, bearings, and frame.

Uploaded by

Muhammad Ridhwan
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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COMPONENT OF RECIPROCATING PUMP – Type of Positive Displacement Pump.

Prepared By: Muhammad Ridhwan Abdul Rasid, Mechanical Trainee Date: 8th March 2010

A reciprocating positive displacement pump is one in which a plunger or piston displaces a given volume
of fluid for each stroke.

All reciprocating pumps have a fluid-handling portion which has the following components (Figure 1&2):

 A displacing solid called a plunger or piston;


 A container to hold the liquid called the liquid cylinder;
 A suction check valve to admit fluid from the suction pipe into the liquid cylinder;
 A discharge check valve to admit flow from the liquid cylinder into the discharge pipe;

 Packing to seal tightly the joint between the plunger and the liquid cylinder to prevent the liquid
from leaking out of the cylinder, and air from leaking into the cylinder.

The figures below show the operation of the single acting pump.

Figure 1: During Suction Stroke of Single Acting Pump

Figure 2: During Discharge Stroke of Single Acting Pump

There is difference between single and double acting pump. Double acting pump will do suction and
discharge at single stroke. This kind of pump are commonly use in the industries.
Figure 3: Double Acting Pump Operation

For component of the pumps, I divided the pump into two categories, which direct and indirect acting.
The direct acting pumps are commonly use, however the indirect pumps are used due to some reason
such as handling hazardous expensive liquid. Therefore, the motor has to be separated with the stroke
to avoid leakage.

1. DIRECT ACTING

Figure 4: Direct Acting Pump

i. Cylinder
The cylinder is the container where the pressure is developed. Cylinders on many horizontal
pumps have the suction and discharge manifolds made integral with the cylinder. Vertical
pumps usually have separate manifolds.

Figure 5: Cylinder
ii. Plunger and Piston
The plunger or piston transmits the force that develops the pressure. Pistons are used for liquid
pressures up to 1,000 psi. For higher pressures, a plunger is usually used. (Typical range 1,000 to
30,000 psi)

Figure 6: Piston Set

iii. Stuffing Box


The stuffing box prevents the plunger or the piston rod from leaking liquid to atmosphere, or
allowing air to enter the liquid end of the pump. It consists of a casing, upper and lower bushing,
packing, and gland.

Figure 7: Stuffing Box

iv. Check Valves


These valves, dependent on the stroke of the plunger or piston, either allow liquid to flow
through or halt the entering or leaving the liquid end of the pump. There are many types of
valves; their use is dependent on the application.
The main parts of the valves are the seat and the plate. The plate movement is controlled by a
spring or retainer. The seat normally utilizes a taper where it fits into the cylinder or manifold.
The taper not only gives a positive fit, but also allows easy interchangeability of the seat.
Figure 8 below shows various check valves with their application.
Figure 8: Type of Check Valve

v. Manifolds
Manifolds are the chambers where liquid is dispersed or collected for distribution before or
after passing through the cylinder. On horizontal pumps, the suction and discharge manifold is
usually made integral with the cylinder. Most vertical pumps have the suction and discharge
manifold separate from the cylinder.

Figure 9: Pump with Manifold Discharge


2. INDIRECT ACTING

Figure 10: Indirect Acting Pump

i. Crankshaft
The crankshaft provides the method of obtaining oscillating motion on the plunger. An eccentric
offset equivalent to one half the required stroke is cast into this component. The connecting rod
is affixed to this offset and transfers the power.

Figure 11: Crankshaft

ii. Connecting Rod


The connecting rod transfers the rotating force of the crankshaft to an oscillating force on the
wrist pin. Connecting rods are split pendicular to their center line at the crankpin end for
assembly of the rod onto the crankshaft.

Figure 12: Rods


iii. Crosshead
The crosshead moves in a reciprocating motion and transfers the plunger load to the wrist pin.
The crosshead is designed to absorb the radial load from the plunger as it moves linearly on the
crossway.

Figure 13: Crosshead

iv. Bearings
Both sleeve and anti-friction bearings are used in power pumps. Some frames use all sleeve,
others use all antifriction, and still others use a combination of both types of bearings.

Figure 14: Bearing

v. Frame
The frame absorbs the plunger load and torque. On vertical pumps with an outboard stuffing
box, the frame is in compression. With horizontal single-acting pumps, the frame is in tension.

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