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Data Observation and Result: Sample Calculation

This document contains data from an experiment measuring flow rate, velocity, and head loss through sudden contractions and enlargements in pipe diameter. The data is used to calculate loss coefficients (K) for the contractions and enlargements by determining the slope of a graph of head loss (h) versus velocity head (hv). The calculated K values are compared to theoretical K values from literature, finding percentage errors of 92.45% for the contraction and 149.82% for the enlargement.

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Rasyid Anwar
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24 views4 pages

Data Observation and Result: Sample Calculation

This document contains data from an experiment measuring flow rate, velocity, and head loss through sudden contractions and enlargements in pipe diameter. The data is used to calculate loss coefficients (K) for the contractions and enlargements by determining the slope of a graph of head loss (h) versus velocity head (hv). The calculated K values are compared to theoretical K values from literature, finding percentage errors of 92.45% for the contraction and 149.82% for the enlargement.

Uploaded by

Rasyid Anwar
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as DOC, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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DATA OBSERVATION AND RESULT

Sudden contraction
D1 : 25 cm
D2 : 10 cm
VOLUM
E
(V)
liters
10
10
10
10
10

TIME
(T)
sec
16.35
19.06
19.35
20.97
23.03

FLOWRA
TE (Q)
x 10-4
m3/s
6.12
5.25
5.17
4.77
4.34

VELOCI
TY (U)
m/s

VELOCI
TY (hV)

7.79
6.68
6.58
6.07
5.53

3.09
2.27
2.21
1.88
1.56

FLOWRA
TE (Q)
x 10-4
m3/s
5.58
5.25
5.08
4.76
4.09

VELOCI
TY (U)
m/s

VELOCI
TY (hV)

7.10
6.68
6.37
6.06
5.21

2.57
2.27
2.07
1.87
1.38

HEAD
LOSS
(H)
mm H2o
33.2
27.50
24.20
17.00
11.20

HEAD
LOSS
(h)
m H2o
0.0332
0.0275
0.0242
0.0170
0.0112

HEAD
LOSS
(H)
mm H2o
32.20
32.00
31.10
30.00
28.10

HEAD
LOSS
(h)
m H2o
0.0322
0.032
0.0311
0.03
0.0281

Sudden enlargement
D1 : 10 cm
D2 : 25 cm
VOLUM
E
(V)
liters
10
10
10
10
10

TIME
(T)
sec
17.91
19.04
19.68
21.00
24.43

Sample Calculation:

Flow rate, Q = (V x 10-3) / T


= (10x 10-3) / 16.35
= 6.12 x 10-4 m3/s

Velocity, u = 4Q / (d2)
= (4 x 6.12 x 10-4) / (3.142 x 0.012)
= 7.791 m/s
Velocity head, hv = v2 / (2g)
= (7.7912) / (2 x 9.81)
= 3.094
Head loss, h = H /1000
= 33.2 / 1000
= 0.0332

Calculation for loss coefficient, K


a) Sudden contraction
Experimental value
hK

V2
2g

From the equation , we know that


the slope of h versus hv is K.

K = 0.0317
Theoretical value
A2 / A1

= D2 / D1
= 10mm / 25mm
= 0.4

From figure 1, K = 0.42


Percentage error = |Experimental - Theoretical| / Theoretical x 100%
= |0.0317 0.42| / 0.42 x 100%
= 92.45%

b) Sudden enlargement
Experimental value
hK

V2
2g

From the equation , we know that


the slope of h versus hv is K.

K = 0.2802
Theoretical value
K

= A1 / A2
= D1 / D2
= 10mm / 25mm
= 0.4

From figure 1, K = 0.7


Percentage error = |Experimental - Theoretical| / Theoretical x 100%
= |0.2802 0.7| / 0.2802 x 100%
= 149.82%

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