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Valves 2

Valves are components that regulate fluid flow or pressure by starting or stopping flow, controlling rate or pressure, or relieving pressure. The document discusses types of valves like globe, gate, ball, check, and relief valves; their components and construction; and seat, stem, and body materials used. Valve sizes are identified using standards like MSS SP-86 and pressure classes.

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Ehab Abowarda
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19 views58 pages

Valves 2

Valves are components that regulate fluid flow or pressure by starting or stopping flow, controlling rate or pressure, or relieving pressure. The document discusses types of valves like globe, gate, ball, check, and relief valves; their components and construction; and seat, stem, and body materials used. Valve sizes are identified using standards like MSS SP-86 and pressure classes.

Uploaded by

Ehab Abowarda
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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VALVES

Introduction

Are components in a fluid power or


pressure system that either
regulate the flow or the pressure of
the fluid.
This duty may involve starting or
stopping flow, controlling flow rate,
diverting flow, preventing backflow,
controlling pressure, or relieving
pressure.

Principal types of valves according to


method of flow regulation

Valve components

Identification of valve size and pressure


class

MSS SP-86
NPS: Nominal pipe size (inch)
CLASS: Pressure class (psi)
DN: NOMINAL DIAMETER (mm)
PN: PRESSURE NOMINAL (bar)

VALVE SEATINGS

Are the portions of the seat and


closure member that contact each
other for closure.
Metal seatings
Sealing with sealants
Soft seatings

SOFT SEATINGS

One or both seating faces may


consist of soft material such as
plastic or rubber.
Very effective sealing
Limited use at high temperatures
and pressures
Compatibility with the fluid.
High pressure gas sudden shut off
limitations.

GASKETS

Flat metallic gaskets, adapt the


irregularities of flange face by
elastic and plastic deformation.
Spiral wound gaskets
V-shaped metal strip that is spirally
wound on edge, and a soft filler
inlay between the lamination.
Exfoliated graphite
High impermeability to gases and
liquids

Valve stem seals

METAL SEATINGS

Resistance to erosion, corrosion,


and abrasion.
Wear particle size effect
AISI 410 STELLITE has proved
most successful for harsh
conditions.
API 600 lists eating materials and
their combinations frequently used
in steel valves.

STEM SEALS TYPES

COMPRESSION PACKINGS
Soft material that is stuffed into the
stuffing box and compressed by a
gland to form a seal.
LIP-TYPE PACKINGS
SQUEEZE-TYPE PACKINGS
THRUST PACKINGS

Globe Valves
Construction Features

Globe valves

Closing down valves


Closure member is moved squarely
on and off the seat
Seat opening varies in direct
proportion to disc travel.
Ideally suited for duties involving
flow rate control.
May be used for on-off duty
provided the tortuous flow passage
resistance is acccptable.

Valve body patterns

Standard pattern, highest flow


resistance
Angle pattern, reduced flow
resistance, saves a pipe elbow.
Oblique pattern, minimum flow
resistance

Standard pattern

Globe valve, standard pattern,


union bonnet, internal screw, plug
disc

Gate Valves
Flat

Gate

Wedge

Gate

PARALLEL GATE VALVES


CONVENTIONAL

CONDUIT

FEATURES

Slide valves with a parallel-faced gate-like


closure member
May consist of a single disc or twin discs
Low flow resistance
Capable of handling fluids carrying solids in
suspension.
Satisfactory flow control is only viable
between 50% closed and fully open
position.

FEATURES-2

In case of twin disc, a spreading


mechanism provides a
supplementary force that presses
the discs against the seat.
Seatings are self aligning
Seat seals is not impaired by
thermal movements of the valve
body

CONDUIT GATE VALVES

Full bore valves


Floating seats are forced against
disc with fluid pressureDisc seals
the valve body cavity against the
ingress of solids in both the open
and closed positions.
May therefore be used in pipelines
that have to be scraped.

X-MASS TREE
NOMINCLATURE

Ball Valves

Design Features

A species of plug valves having a ballshaped closure member.


Seating stress is circumferentially uniform.
Reduced bore valves are more common,
due to economic motives, with flow
passage venturi shaped of about the
nominal valve size.
Full bore is required for certain
applications, as for example ,when the
pipeline has to be scraped.

Construction

Floating ball

trunnion mounted Ball

Seat Material

Most important seat material is


PTFE, but limited for application
compatible with its chemical,
temperature and pressure
characteristics.
Metal and ceramic seatings are used
when elastomeres are unsuitable for
service

Antistatic device

Ball valves for fire exposure

Emergency seat seal is provided by a


sharp-edged or chamfered secondary
metal seal in close proximity to the
ball.
Packing may be made entirely of
pure graphite.
Three basic standards applies to such
requirement API 607, API RP 6F, BS
5146.

Flexible valves

Flexible body

Diaphragm type

Check Valves

General

Prime function is to protect mechanical


equipment in a piping system by
preventing reversal of flow.
Operated automatically by flow reversal.
Open automatically by forward flow and
close against reverse flow.
May be required to maintain prime after the
pump has stopped.

Grouping of check valve

Lift. The closure member travels in the


direction normal to the plane of the seat.
Swing. The closure member swings about a
hinge, which is mounted outside the seat.
Tilting. The closure member tilts about a
hinge, which is mounted near, but above,
the center of the seat.
Diaphragm. The closure member consists of
a diaphragm, which defelects from or
against the seat.

Lift Check valve

Pressure Relief Valve

Direct Acting

Indirect Acting

Calibration

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