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    Diabetes Mellitus in Adults

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    wlshakespeare
    Type 2 diabetes is characterized by hyperglycemia and damage to small blood vessels and nerves. Many patients are asymptomatic. Common symptoms include frequent urination, increased thirst, fatigue, and weight loss. Screening should be considered for overweight adults with additional risk factors such as high blood pressure, dyslipidemia, or a family history of diabetes. Treatment involves lifestyle changes like diet and exercise as well as oral medications like metformin, sulfonylureas, or DPP-4 inhibitors to control blood sugar levels.

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    Diabetes Mellitus in Adults

    Uploaded by

    wlshakespeare
    66 views14 pages
    Type 2 diabetes is characterized by hyperglycemia and damage to small blood vessels and nerves. Many patients are asymptomatic. Common symptoms include frequent urination, increased thirst, fatigue, and weight loss. Screening should be considered for overweight adults with additional risk factors such as high blood pressure, dyslipidemia, or a family history of diabetes. Treatment involves lifestyle changes like diet and exercise as well as oral medications like metformin, sulfonylureas, or DPP-4 inhibitors to control blood sugar levels.

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    Type 2 diabetes is characterized by hyperglycemia and damage to small blood vessels and nerves. Many patients are asymptomatic. Common symptoms include frequent urination, increased thirst, fatigue, and weight loss. Screening should be considered for overweight adults with additional risk factors such as high blood pressure, dyslipidemia, or a family history of diabetes. Treatment involves lifestyle changes like diet and exercise as well as oral medications like metformin, sulfonylureas, or DPP-4 inhibitors to control blood sugar levels.

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    66 views14 pages

    Diabetes Mellitus in Adults

    Uploaded by

    wlshakespeare
    Type 2 diabetes is characterized by hyperglycemia and damage to small blood vessels and nerves. Many patients are asymptomatic. Common symptoms include frequent urination, increased thirst, fatigue, and weight loss. Screening should be considered for overweight adults with additional risk factors such as high blood pressure, dyslipidemia, or a family history of diabetes. Treatment involves lifestyle changes like diet and exercise as well as oral medications like metformin, sulfonylureas, or DPP-4 inhibitors to control blood sugar levels.

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    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
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    DIABETES MELLITUS

    Type 2 in adults
    INTRODUCTION

     Type 2 diabetes mellitus is a group of


    disorders characterized by:
     hyperglycemias
     micro vascular (retinal, renal, possibly
    neuropathic)
     macro vascular (coronary, cerebrovascular,
    peripheral vascular)
     neuropathic (autonomic, peripheral)
    PATHOGENESIS
    ENUMERATE SYMPTOMS
    SYMPTOMS OF DIABETES
     Fourty eight percent (48%) of patients above
    the age of 30 years old are not aware that
    they have diabetes. The majority are
    asymptomatic.
     Common symptoms include polyuria,
    polydipsia, tiredness and weight loss
     Acute Complications
     a) Hypoglycaemia
     b) Hyperglycaemia
    DIAGNOSTIC CRITERIA
    •Random plasma glucose >11.1mmole/L
    •Fasting plasma glucose >7mmole/L
    •Result of GTT after oral intake 75g glucose in 2 hours
    >11.1mmole/L
    WHO TO SCREEN???
     Testing should be considered in all adults who are
    overweight. (BMI) >23 kg/m2 or waist circumference ≥80
    cm for women & ≥90 cm for men and have additional risk
    factors:
     Dyslipidaemia either high density lipoprotein (HDL) <0.9
    mmol/L or triglycerides (TG) >1.7 mmol/L
     History of cardiovascular disease (CVD)
     Hypertension (≥140/90 mmHg or on therapy for hypertension)
     Impaired Glucose Tolerance (IGT) or Impaired Fasting Glucose
    (IFG)
     First-degree relative with diabetes
     Other clinical conditions associated with insulin resistance
    (e.g. severe obesity and acanthosis nigricans)
     Physical inactivity
     Women with polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS)
    NEXT?
     FPG
     Glycosylated Haemoglobin (HbA1c)
     Renal profile
     Lipid profile
     Urine analysis particularly for albuminuria
     Electrocardiogram (ECG)
    SYNDROMES
     Syndrome of severe insulin secretion
    deficiency
     Paradiabetic syndrome AKA syndrome of
    small signs
     Syndrome of late diabetic complication
     Diabetic foot syndrome
    ORAL ANTI-DIABETIC (OAD)
    AGENTS
     There are currently five classes of OAD agents:
     AGIs (alpha glucosidase inhibitors) ACARBOSE100mg
    TDS
     Biguanides METFORMIN2000mg OD
     Dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) Inhibitors
    SITAGLIPTIN 100mg OD
     GLP-1 analogue BAETTA aka exanetide
     Insulin Secretatogues aka (SU) GLIBENCLAMIDE
    10mgBD
     Insulin Secretagogues- (Non-SU) or Meglitinides
    REPAGLINIDE 4mg with main meals (o.5mg per meal)
     Thiazolidinediones (TZDs) ROSIGLITAZONE 4mg BD
    LIVE HEALTHY

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