29th Annual Edition

Completely updated for 2015!

Plan, budget, and validate the costs of heavy
construction with this industry-leading cost guide
devoted specically to the needs of public works
ofcials, contractors, facility managers, developers,
civil engineers, and any other professionals involved
with planning and estimating heavy construction
projects.
Find thousands of unit and assemblies costs, along
with detailed reference information, for all types of
heavy construction, including highways, bridges,
utilities, rail, marine, sanitary, and storm sewer
systems.

Your 2015 cost guide features:

Updated pricing for more than 15,500 unit costs

and 2,200 assemblies costs covering the latest
materials
Complete assemblies and unit price sample
estimates in both print and electronic format to
guide customization and improve accuracy
City Cost Indexes and Location Factors for more
than 930 U.S. and Canadian locations to get
accurate costs for your specic location
Updated equipment rental costs, crew size
projections, labor-hour estimates, and the most
current labor rates
A comprehensive, detailed reference information
section

New! Stormwater management and rock excavation

section

RSMeans Heavy Construction Cost Data 2015

RSMeans Heavy
Construction Cost Data 2015

Large civil projects including marine,

waterways, airports, highways, and tunnels

Plus:
Receive free quarterly cost index and key material price updates for a full year!

UNIT PRICES (organized in MasterFormat 2014)

1 General Requirements
2 Existing Conditions
3 Concrete
4 Masonry
5 Metals
6 Wood, Plastics
& Composites
7 Thermal & Moisture
Protection
9 Finishes

10
13
22
23
26
27
31
32
33

Specialties
Special Construction
Plumbing
Heating, Ventilating
& Air Conditioning
Electrical
Communications
Earthwork
Exterior Improvements
Utilities

ASSEMBLIES
34 Transportation
35 Waterway & Marine
41 Material Processing &
Handling Equipment
46 Water & Wastewater
Equipment
48 Electrical Power
Generation

A Substructure
B Shell
G Building Site Work

Visit us online:
RSMeans offers an extensive line of cost data products in book, online, eBook, and
CD format, along with professional development seminars, reference books, market
analytics, and more. Visit www.rsmeans.com to learn what RSMeans can do for you!

RSMeans Catalog No. 68165

ISBN 978-1-940238-84-5

Cost data from the most trusted

source in North America

Construction: Technical/Professional
Copyright RSMeans 2015

29th annual edition

Robert Fortier, PE, Senior Editor

Engineering Director
Bob Mewis, CCC (1, 14, 41)

Contributing Editors
Christopher Babbitt
Adrian C. Charest, PE
(26, 27, 28, 48)
Cheryl Elsmore
Robert Fortier, PE
(2, 31, 32, 33, 34, 35, 44, 46)
Robert J. Kuchta (8)
Thomas Lane (6, 7)
Robert C. McNichols

Genevieve Medeiros
Melville J. Mossman, PE
(21, 22, 23)
Jeannene D. Murphy
Marilyn Phelan, AIA
(9, 10, 11, 12)
Stephen C. Plotner (3, 5)
Siobhan Soucie (4, 13)

Copyright 2014 by RSMeans

All rights reserved.
Cover photo
PinkBadger/iStock/Thinkstock
Printed in the United States of America
ISSN 0893-5602
ISBN 978-1-940238-58-6

Andrea Sillah

Production Manager
Debbie Panarelli

Production

Chris Anderson

Jill Goodman
Jonathan Forgit
Sara Rutan
Mary Lou Geary

Cover Design

Technical Support

Vice President Data & Engineering

Sara Rutan

*Numbers in italics are the divisional responsibilities

for each editor. Please contact the designated editor
directly with any questions.

RSMeans
Construction Publishers & Consultants
700 Longwater Drive
Norwell, MA 02061
United States of America
1-877-809-3541
www.rsmeans.com

Product Manager

The authors, editors, and engineers of RSMeans apply

diligence and judgment in locating and using reliable
sources for the information published. However, RSMeans
makes no express or implied warranty or guarantee in
connection with the content of the information contained
herein, including the accuracy, correctness, value,
sufficiency, or completeness of the data, methods, and other
information contained herein. RSMeans makes no express or
implied warranty of merchantability or fitness for a particular
purpose. RSMeans shall have no liability to any customer
or third party for any loss, expense, or damage, including
consequential, incidental, special, or punitive damage,
including lost profits or lost revenue, caused directly or
indirectly by any error or omission, or arising out of, or in
connection with, the information contained herein. For
the purposes of this paragraph, RSMeans shall include
RS Means Company LLC, and its divisions, subsidiaries,

0165

$204.95 per copy (in United States)

Price is subject to change without prior notice.
Copyright RSMeans 2015

Gary L. Hoitt
Kathryn S. Rodriguez

successors, parent companies, and their employees,

partners, principals, agents and representatives, and any
third-party providers or sources of information or data.
No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in an
information storage or retrieval system, or transmitted in any
form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including
photocopying or scanning, without prior written permission
of RSMeans. The cost data contained in this publication is
valuable and proprietary information of RSMeans and others,
and there is no transfer to you of any ownership rights in the
cost data or any license granted to you to create derivative
works based on or which utilize the cost data.

This book is printed on 50% recycled paper

using soy-based ink and is entirely recyclable.

Table of
Contents
Foreword
How the Book Is Built: An Overview
Absolute Essentials for a Quick Start
Estimating with RSMeans Unit Price Cost Data
How to Use the Book: The Details
Unit Price Section
Assemblies Section
Reference Section

iv
v
vi
vii
ix
1
417
513

Construction Equipment Rental Costs

Crew Listings
Historical Cost Indexes
City Cost Indexes
Location Factors
Reference Tables
Change Orders
Square Foot Costs
Abbreviations

515
527
563
564
607
613
670
673
683

Index
Other RSMeans Products and Services
Labor Trade Rates including
Overhead & Profit

687
712
Inside Back Cover

iii
Copyright RSMeans 2015

Unit Price
Related
RSMeans
Products and Services
Section
Table of Contents
Sect. No.
01 11
01 21
01 31
01 32
01
01
01
01
01
01
01
01
01

41
45
51
52
54
55
56
58
71

02
02
02
02
02
02

21
32
41
43
58
65

02 81

03 01
03 05
03
03
03
03
03
03
03
03
03
03
03
03
03
03
03

11
15
21
22
23
24
30
31
35
37
39
41
47
48
52

03
03
03
03

62
63
81
82

04 01
04 05
04
04
04
04
04
04
04
04
04

21
22
24
25
27
41
43
51
54

05
05
05
05
05
05
05
05
05

01
05
12
14
15
21
31
35
51

Page

General Requirements
Summary of Work .............................. 10
Allowances .......................................... 10
Project Management
and Coordination ................................ 11
Construction Progress
Documentation ................................... 12
Regulatory Requirements .................. 13
Quality Control .................................. 13
Temporary Utilities ............................ 15
Construction Facilities ....................... 17
Construction Aids .............................. 17
Vehicular Access and Parking ........... 20
Temporary Barriers and Enclosures .. 21
Project Identication .......................... 23
Examination and Preparation ............ 23
Existing Conditions
Surveys ................................................ 26
Geotechnical Investigations .............. 26
Demolition .......................................... 27
Structure Moving ................................ 42
Snow Control ...................................... 42
Underground Storage Tank
Removal ............................................... 43
Transportation and Disposal
of Hazardous Materials ...................... 44
Concrete
Maintenance of Concrete .................. 46
Common Work Results
for Concrete ........................................ 47
Concrete Forming ............................... 49
Concrete Accessories ......................... 57
Reinforcement Bars ............................ 64
Fabric and Grid Reinforcing .............. 70
Stressed Tendon Reinforcing ............. 70
Fibrous Reinforcing ............................ 71
Cast-In-Place Concrete ....................... 72
Structural Concrete ............................ 74
Concrete Finishing ............................. 77
Specialty Placed Concrete ................. 79
Concrete Curing ................................. 80
Precast Structural Concrete ............... 81
Site-Cast Concrete .............................. 83
Precast Concrete Specialties .............. 83
Lightweight Concrete Roof
Insulation ............................................ 83
Non-Shrink Grouting ......................... 83
Epoxy Grouting ................................... 84
Concrete Cutting ................................ 84
Concrete Boring .................................. 85
Masonry
Maintenance of Masonry ................... 88
Common Work Results
for Masonry ......................................... 89
Clay Unit Masonry ............................. 94
Concrete Unit Masonry ..................... 96
Adobe Unit Masonry .......................... 99
Unit Masonry Panels .......................... 100
Multiple-Wythe Unit Masonry ......... 100
Dry-Placed Stone ................................ 101
Stone Masonry .................................... 101
Flue Liner Masonry ............................ 103
Refractory Brick Masonry .................. 103
Metals
Maintenance of Metals ...................... 106
Common Work Results for Metals ... 106
Structural Steel Framing .................... 112
Structural Aluminum Framing ......... 118
Wire Rope Assemblies ....................... 118
Steel Joist Framing .............................. 121
Steel Decking ...................................... 122
Raceway Decking Assemblies ........... 124
Metal Stairs ......................................... 124

Sect. No.
05
05
05
05
05
05
05

52
53
54
55
56
58
75

06 05
06
06
06
06
06

11
12
13
17
18

07 01
07 25
09 97
10 05
10 14
13 05
13
13
13
13

31
34
36
53

22 01
22 05
22
22
22
22
22
22

11
13
14
31
52
66

23 05
23 13
26 05
26
26
26
26

12
13
24
27

26 28
26
26
26
26

32
51
56
61

27 13

31 05
31 06
31 11
31 13

Page

Metal Railings ..................................... 125

Metal Gratings .................................... 126
Metal Floor Plates .............................. 129
Metal Stair Treads and Nosings ........ 129
Metal Castings .................................... 130
Formed Metal Fabrications ................ 130
Decorative Formed Metal .................. 131
Wood, Plastics & Composites
Common Work Results for Wood,
Plastics, and Composites ................... 134
Wood Framing ..................................... 134
Structural Panels ................................ 134
Heavy Timber Construction ............. 135
Shop-Fabricated Structural Wood ...... 136
Glued-Laminated Construction ........ 136
Thermal & Moisture Protection
Operation and Maint. of Thermal
and Moisture Protection .................... 140
Weather Barriers ................................. 140
Finishes
Special Coatings .................................. 142
Specialties
Common Work Results
for Specialties ...................................... 144
Signage ................................................. 144
Special Construction
Common Work Results for Special
Construction ....................................... 146
Fabric Structures ................................. 147
Fabricated Engineered Structures ...... 148
Towers ................................................. 152
Meteorological Instrumentation ....... 152
Plumbing
Operation and Maintenance
of Plumbing ......................................... 154
Common Work Results
for Plumbing ....................................... 154
Facility Water Distribution ............... 159
Facility Sanitary Sewerage ................. 177
Facility Storm Drainage ..................... 186
Domestic Water Softeners ................. 187
Fountain Plumbing Systems .............. 187
Chemical-Waste Systems for Lab.
and Healthcare Facilities ................... 188
Heating Ventilation Air Conditioning
Common Work Results for HVAC ... 194
Facility Fuel-Storage Tanks ............... 196
Electrical
Common Work Results
for Electrical ........................................ 198
Medium-Voltage Transformers .......... 202
Medium-Voltage Switchgear .............. 203
Switchboards and Panelboards .......... 204
Low-Voltage Distribution
Equipment ........................................... 205
Low-Voltage Circuit Protective
Devices ................................................ 206
Packaged Generator Assemblies ....... 206
Interior Lighting .................................. 207
Exterior Lighting ................................. 207
Lighting Systems and Accessories .... 211
Communications
Communications Backbone
Cabling ................................................. 214
Earthwork
Common Work Results
for Earthwork ...................................... 216
Schedules for Earthwork .................... 216
Clearing and Grubbing ....................... 217
Selective Tree and Shrub Removal
and Trimming ..................................... 218

Sect. No.
31
31
31
31

14
22
23
25

31
31
31
31
31
31
31
31
31
31
31
31
31
31
31
31
31

31
32
33
36
37
41
43
45
46
48
52
56
62
63
71
73
74

32 01
32 06
32
32
32
32
32

11
12
13
14
16

32 17
32 18
32
32
32
32
32
32
32
32
32
32
32

31
32
33
34
35
84
91
92
93
94
96

33 01
33 05
33 11
33 12
33
33
33
33

16
21
31
32

33
33
33
33
33
33
33
33
33
33
33
33

36
41
42
44
46
47
49
51
52
61
63
71

Page

Earth Stripping and Stockpiling ........ 219

Grading ................................................ 219
Excavation and Fill ............................. 220
Erosion and Sedimentation
Controls ............................................... 261
Soil Treatment .................................... 261
Soil Stabilization ................................. 262
Rock Stabilization .............................. 268
Gabions ................................................ 268
Riprap ................................................... 268
Shoring ................................................. 269
Concrete Raising ................................ 270
Vibrootation and Densication ...... 270
Needle Beams ...................................... 270
Underpinning ...................................... 271
Cofferdams .......................................... 271
Slurry Walls ......................................... 272
Driven Piles ......................................... 272
Bored Piles ........................................... 283
Tunnel Excavation .............................. 285
Tunnel Grouting ................................. 286
Tunnel Construction .......................... 286
Exterior Improvements
Operation and Maintenance
of Exterior Improvements .................. 288
Schedules for Exterior
Improvements ..................................... 296
Base Courses ....................................... 298
Flexible Paving .................................... 299
Rigid Paving ........................................ 303
Unit Paving ......................................... 306
Curbs, Gutters, Sidewalks,
and Driveways .................................... 307
Paving Specialties ............................... 309
Athletic and Recreational
Surfacing .............................................. 311
Fences and Gates ................................ 312
Retaining Walls ................................... 317
Site Furnishings .................................. 320
Fabricated Bridges ............................... 320
Screening Devices ............................... 322
Planting Irrigation .............................. 322
Planting Preparation ........................... 323
Turf and Grasses ................................. 326
Plants ................................................... 328
Planting Accessories ........................... 330
Transplanting ...................................... 330
Utilities
Operation and Maintenance
of Utilities ........................................... 334
Common Work Results
for Utilities .......................................... 339
Water Utility Distribution Piping ..... 340
Water Utility Distribution
Equipment ........................................... 347
Water Utility Storage Tanks .............. 350
Water Supply Wells ............................ 351
Sanitary Utility Sewerage Piping ...... 353
Wastewater Utility Pumping
Stations ................................................ 355
Utility Septic Tanks ........................... 356
Storm Utility Drainage Piping .......... 358
Culverts ............................................... 362
Storm Utility Water Drains ............... 363
Subdrainage ......................................... 363
Ponds and Reservoirs ......................... 365
Storm Drainage Structures ................ 365
Natural-Gas Distribution ................... 366
Liquid Fuel Distribution .................... 368
Hydronic Energy Distribution ........... 369
Steam Energy Distribution ................ 372
Electrical Utility Transmission and
Distribution ......................................... 375

1
Copyright RSMeans 2015

Related RSMeans
Products and Services
Table of Contents (cont.)
Sect. No.
33 72
33 73
33 75
33 79
33 81
34 01
34 11
34 41
34 43
34 71

Page

Utility Substations ............................. 382

Utility Transformers .......................... 382
High-Voltage Switchgear
and Protection Devices ...................... 383
Site Grounding .................................... 384
Communications Structures ............. 384
Transportation
Operation and Maintenance
of Transportation ................................ 386
Rail Tracks .......................................... 387
Roadway Signaling and Control
Equipment ........................................... 388
Aireld Signaling and Control
Equipment ........................................... 388
Roadway Construction ...................... 389

Sect. No.
34 72
34 77
35 01
35 20
35
35
35
35
35

31
41
49
51
59

41 21
41 22

Page

Railway Construction ........................ 390

Transportation Equipment ................. 391
Waterway & Marine
Operation and Maint. of Waterway
and Marine Construction .................. 394
Waterway and Marine Construction
and Equipment .................................... 397
Shoreline Protection ........................... 399
Levees .................................................. 399
Waterway Structures .......................... 402
Floating Construction ........................ 402
Marine Specialties .............................. 403
Material Processing & Handling Equipment
Conveyors ............................................ 406
Cranes and Hoists .............................. 406

Sect. No.
46 07
46 25
46 51
46 53
48 15
48 18

Page

Water and Wastewater Equipment

Packaged Water and Wastewater
Treatment Equipment ........................ 408
Oil and Grease Separation
and Removal Equipment ................... 408
Air and Gas Diffusion Equipment .... 409
Biological Treatment Systems ........... 412
Electrical Power Generation
Wind Energy Electrical Power
Generation Equipment ....................... 416
Fuel Cell Electrical Power
Generation Equipment ....................... 416

3
Copyright RSMeans 2015

Assemblies
Section
Table of Contents
Table No.
A SUBSTRUCTURE

Page

A1010 Standard Foundations

A1010
A1010
A1010
A1010
A1010

110
210
250
310
320

A1020
A1020
A1020
A1020
A1020
A1020
A1020
A1020
A1020

110
120
130
140
150
160
210
310
710

Strip Footings .............................................................................

Spread Footings ..........................................................................
Pile Caps .....................................................................................
Foundation Underdrain .............................................................
Foundation Dampproong ........................................................

424
425
427
429
430

A1020 Special Foundations

C.I.P. Concrete Piles ..................................................................
Precast Concrete Piles ...............................................................
Steel Pipe Piles ...........................................................................
Steel H Piles ...............................................................................
Step-Tapered Steel Piles ............................................................
Treated Wood Piles ....................................................................
Grade Beams ..............................................................................
Caissons ......................................................................................
Pressure Injected Footings ........................................................

431
433
435
437
439
440
442
444
445

A1030 Slab on Grade

A1030 120 Plain & Reinforced .................................................................... 446

A2010 Basement Excavation

A2010 110 Building Excavation & Backll ................................................ 447

A2020 Basement Walls

A2020 110 Walls, Cast in Place ................................................................... 449

B1010 Floor Construction

201
202
203
204
213
234
235

G1030
G1030
G1030
G1030
G1030
G1030
G1030
G1030
G1030
G1030
G1030
G1030

105
110
115
120
125
130
150
160
805
806
807
815

Page

Cut & Fill Gravel ......................................................................

Excavate and Haul Sand & Gravel ...........................................
Cut & Fill Common Earth .......................................................
Excavate and Haul Common Earth .........................................
Cut & Fill Clay ..........................................................................
Excavate and Haul Clay ............................................................
Load & Haul Rock .....................................................................
Excavate and Haul Sandy Clay/Loam .....................................
Trenching Common Earth ........................................................
Trenching Loam & Sandy Clay ................................................
Trenching Sand & Gravel .........................................................
Pipe Bedding ...............................................................................

468
470
472
474
476
478
480
481
482
484
486
488

G2030 Pedestrian Paving

G2030 110 Bituminous Sidewalks ............................................................... 490
G2030 120 Concrete Sidewalks ................................................................... 491
G2030 310 Stairs ........................................................................................... 492

G2040 Site Development

G2040 210 Concrete Retaining Walls ......................................................... 494
G2040 270 Gabion Retaining Walls ............................................................ 495

G3020 Sanitary Sewer

G3020 730 Secondary Sewage Lagoon ......................................................... 497
G3020 740 Blower System for Wastewater Aeration ................................. 499

G3030 Storm Sewer

G3030 210 Manholes & Catch Basins ........................................................ 500
G3030 310 Headwalls ................................................................................... 502
G3030 610 Stormwater Management (costs per CF of stormwater) ........ 503

B SHELL
B1010
B1010
B1010
B1010
B1010
B1010
B1010

Table No.
G1030 Site Earthwork

C.I.P. Column - Round Tied .....................................................

C.I.P. Columns, Round Tied - Minimum Reinforcing ...........
C.I.P. Column, Square Tied ......................................................
C.I.P. Column, Square Tied-Minimum Reinforcing ...............
Rectangular Precast Beams .......................................................
Precast Double T Beams with No Topping .........................
Precast Double T Beams With 2 Topping ..........................

452
454
455
457
458
460
461

G3060 Fuel Distribution

G3060 112 Gasline (Common Earth Excavation) ...................................... 504

G4010 Electrical Distribution

G4010 320 Underground Electrical Conduit .............................................. 507

G9020 Site Repair & Maintenance

G9020 100 Clean and Wrap Marine Piles ................................................... 510

B2010 Exterior Walls

B2010 106 Tilt-Up Concrete Panel ............................................................. 463

G BUILDING SITEWORK
G1010 Site Clearing
G1010 120 Clear & Grub Site ...................................................................... 466
G1010 122 Strip Topsoil ............................................................................... 467

417
Copyright RSMeans 2015

Reference
Section
All the reference information is in one section,
making it easy to find what you need to know
. . . and easy to use the book on a daily basis. This
section is visually identified by a vertical black
bar on the page edges.
In this Reference Section, weve included
Equipment Rental Costs, a listing of rental and
operating costs; Crew Listings, a full listing
of all crews and equipment, and their costs;
Historical Cost Indexes for cost comparisons
over time; City Cost Indexes and Location
Factors for adjusting costs to the region you
are in; Reference Tables, where you will find
explanations, estimating information and
procedures, or technical data; Change Orders,
information on pricing changes to contract
documents; Square Foot Costs that allow you
to make a rough estimate for the overall cost of
a project; and an explanation of all the
Abbreviations in the book.

Table of Contents
Construction Equipment
Rental Costs
Crew Listings
Historical Cost Indexes
City Cost Indexes
Location Factors
Reference Tables
R01
R02
R03
R05
R06
R13

Reference Tables (cont.)

515
527
563
564

R22
R26
R31
R32
R33
R34

Plumbing ...............................................
Electrical ................................................
Earthwork ..............................................
Exterior Improvements.........................
Utilities ..................................................
Transportation .......................................

Change Orders
613 Square Foot Costs
General Requirements.......................... 613 Abbreviations
Existing Conditions ..............................
Concrete.................................................
Metals ....................................................
Wood, Plastics & Composites .............
Special Construction ............................

607

650
655
658
665
668
669
670
673
683

624
626
643
649
650

513
Copyright RSMeans 2015