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. . Clientlib.CS
. t:Module/ .
Clientlib.CS

/t:module

CSC

Clientlib.NETModule . addModule/
.
Client.CS

/addModule:Clientlib.NETModule

CSC

Client.exe Clientlhb.NETModul . 14-1

.

14-1

-6-1

NET. CLR FCL CLR . .

CLS CLR .
.

IL JIT ) (NET.
CLR . .
33

 - C# 09177112161 -

CLR .

.
.

FCL
CLR . .

FCL DLL
.

NET.

.

.NET

OpenSource .

34


C #

:
-

:#C #C NET.

.
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:1 FCL
.

#C : .

:
.

: #C .
.

2000 ECMA #C
. 334ECMA-
++C .
2 .
#C #C .
.
. .
.

Primitive

Strong Type cheking

 - C# 09177112161 -

-1-2 #C
1-2 #C .
1-2

1-2 myApp Apparel

. Apparel myApparel .
FabType Price .
:
-1 using System . System
. using
. System.web.UI.WebControls.Label

Label .
-2 .
. VB #C .
1 . public
Apparel .
-3 )( Main #C . .
static M . overload Main
. .
)(static int Main
{
return ; // must return an integer value
}

.
)static int Main(string[] args
{
// loop through arguments
)foreach (string myArg in args
;)Console.WriteLine(myArg
;return
modifier

36

 - #C
}

.
MyApparel .
C:\> MyApparel

: System.Environmenet.CommandLine .

-1-1-2 #C

. class 1-2 Class
.

ECMA #C .
. 1-2
.
-1-2

I .

.
;public const double GramToPound =

EventHandler .

Event EventArgs .

Exception.

I IDisposable .

public Pascal .

.
}public enum WarmColor { Orange, Yellow, Brown

int myIndex

Arshia.GraphicsLib

Pascal Camel .

37

 - C# 09177112161 -

:
: Pascal -1 .
:Camel -2 .
#C
#C : Xml ) ( //
) (/* */ .
// for a single line
/* for one or more lines
*/
>/// <remarks> XML comment describing a class </remarks

XMl ) ( /// XML

#C . XML
1 .
> <remarks . #C
. .
-2-2 XML

>:<example

<exception
>"cref="Excep

cref .
>"///<exceptioncref="NoParmException
></exception

<include
>"file="myXML
<param
>"name="parm
<permission
>"" =cref

file xml
.
name .
:
>"///<permissioncref="System.Security.PermissionSet
></permission

> <returns .
> <remarks > <summary .
<seealso
>"cref="price

cref .

> <summary intellisense VS.NET

export

38

 - #C

XML XML
XML . .
ConsoleApp.cs XML ConsoleXML.xml .
C:\> csc consoleapp.cs /doc:consoleXML.xml

1-2 public .
Warning CS: Missing XML comment for publicly visible type ...

1591nowarn:/ .
.

-2-2
.
. #C
.
. 3-2 .
-3-2 #C
#C

FCL

object

System.Object

string

System.String

decimal

System.Decimal

28

bool

System.Boolean

true false

char

System.Char

16

byte

System.Byte

sbyte

System.SByte

short

System.Int16

16

int

System.Int32

32

long

System.Int64

64

ushort

System.UInt16

16

uint

System.UInt32

32

ulong

System.UInt60

64

(single(float

System.Single

double

System.Double

39

 - C# 09177112161 -

BCL1 .
:
;)System.Int age = new System.Int(
;int age =
;System.Int age =

IL . #C int 2
32System.Int #C . .
:
-

.
. 32Int
32
.
int iMax = int.MaxValue; // Return largest integer
int pVal = int.Parse(""); // converts string to int

#C .
.
3 . 4
.
.
short i = ; // -bit integer
int i = i; // Okay: int has greater precision
i = i; // Fails: short is bit, int is
i = (short) i; // Okay since casting used

5 double decimal float

Float . F double f D d decimal M m .
decimal pct = .M; // M is required for literal value

String.
Decimal

decimal 128 . 28
. decimal .

bool

iRate = M; // decimal requires M

decimal.Round(iRate,); // Returns
;dividend = M
;divisor = M
;)"p = decimal.Parse("
statement returns remainder =
;)rem = decimal.Remainder(dividend,divisor

40

decimal
= iRate
decimal
decimal
decimal
// Next
decimal

Base Class Library

Alias

Widening conversion

Narroving conversion

literal

 - #C

false true bool . bool

. true 1 1 0 bool .
;bool bt = true
"string bStr = bt.ToString(); // returns "true
bt = (bool) ; // fails

Char

char 16 1 .
char : ) (
.escape System.char
.

Byte , sbyte

myChar = 'B'; // 'B' has an ASCII value of

'myChar = (char) ; // Equivalent to 'B
myChar = '\u'; // Unicode escape sequence
myChar = '\x'; // Hex escape sequence
myChar = '\t'; // Simple esc sequence:horizontal tab
;bool bt
;"?string pattern = "abcd
'myChar = pattern[]; // '
)'bt = char.IsLetter(pattern,); // true ('a
bt = char.IsNumber(pattern,); // false
)'bt = char.IsLower(pattern,); // false ('
)'?'( bt = char.IsPunctuation(pattern,); // true
bt = char.IsLetterOrDigit(pattern,); // true
)'bt = char.IsNumber(pattern,); // true ('
;"string kstr="K
;)char k = char.Parse(kstr

byte 0 255 sbyte 8

-128 127.
;}byte[] b = {x, x, x, x, xAA, x, xFF
string s = b[].ToString(); // returns
;]char myChar = (char) b[

Short int long

16 32 64 . ushort

uint ulong.
;short i =
i = xC ; // hex value for
int i = i; // no casting required

single double

32 64 . NET.X Single
float.
-

single 45-^10*1,5 38^10*3,4 7 .

double 324-^10*5 308^10*1,7 15 16 .

Nan . 0,0
NaN 0,0.

unicode

41

 - C# 09177112161 -

System.Convert .
;float xFloat = F
int xInt = Convert.ToInt(xFloat); // returns
;int xInt = (int) xFloat
if(xInt == xInt) { } // False
;)string xStr = Convert.ToString(xFloat
;single zero =
if (Single.IsNaN( / zero)) { } // True
;double xDouble = D

Parse TryParse .
;)"short shParse = Int.Parse("
;)"int iParse = Int.Parse("
;)"long lparse = Int.Parse("
;)"decimal dParse = decimal.Parse("
;)"float sParse = float.Parse("
;)"double dbParse = double.Parse("

TryParse NET 2,0 .

.
;int result
// parse string and place result in result parameter
;)bool ok = Int.TryParse("", out result
;)bool ok = Int.TryParse("", NumberStyles.Integer, null,out result

. .

-3-2
#C
.

-1-3-2
4-2 .
1 . .
4-2

)(3

;int x = y +

)(2
/
%

)(1

;int x =

++

;int y =
int z = x * y / ; //
y = x % ; // remainder is
;x =

--

~ )( 1

Console.WriteLine(x++) // x =
Console.WriteLine(++x) // x =
int x = ~; // returns -

42

 - #C

<< )(4

>>

& )(5

And

| )(6

Or

^ )(7

Xor

byte x = ; // binary is
int result = x << ; // =
result = x >> ; // =
byte x = ; //
byte y = ; //
int result = x & y; // =
result = x ^ y; // =

#C : . ()Math.Power
)( e Math.Exp .

-2-3-2
.
. 5-2
#C .
-5-2

==

!=
>
>=
<
<=

&&
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}if (x == y) {...

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Or

false
.

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.
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OR/AND . || && true false

) . (
& | .
.
#C 5-2 ? : .
if else.
43

 - C# 09177112161 -
;string pass
;int grade=
;"If(grade >= ) pass="pass"; else pass="fail
// expression ? op : op
;"pass = (grade >= ) ? "pass" : "fail

true ?! .

-4-2 #C
1 #C .
2 .
# . # .
6-2 #C .
-6-2 #C
#C

define#

undef#

if# true .

if#

if-else #C .

line#

region#

IDE

endregien#

2005VS .

error#

)( .

warning#

#if
#elif
#else
#endif

-1-4-2
if# .
if# endif# if true false
.
. .
#define DEBUG
;using System
public class MyApp
{

44

Directive

Preprocess

 - #C
)(public static void Main
{
)#if (DEBUG
;)"Console.WriteLine("Debug Mode
#else
;)"Console.WriteLine("Release Mode
#endif
}
}

define# cs. . :
. DEBUG (if(DEBUG# true .
define# Debug . 2005VS
Debug DEBUG .
define# .
#C Define/ .
csc /Define:DEBUG myproject.cs

Define DEBUG# .

-2-4-2

. warning# error# .
#define CLIENT
#define DEBUG
;using System
public class MyApp
{
)(public static void Main
{
#if DEBUG && INHOUSE
#warning Debug is on.
#elif DEBUG && CLIENT
#error Debug not allowed in Client Code.
#endif
// Rest of program follows here

CLIENT DEBUGE .

. #C
VS.NET .
#region
// any C# statements
#endregion

-5-2
#C enum 1
.
:
Structured

45

 - C# 09177112161 -
}[access modifiers]enum <identifier> [:enum-base]{enum body

:
{ enum Fabric :short
Cotton = ,
Silk = ,
Wool = ,
Rayon = ,
Other =
}

: enum 0123
..... .
enum . internal
. public .
enum-base .
long unit int ushort short sbyte byte ulong . int.

-1-5-2

. .
enum .
. 2-2 Fabric .
2-2
)static double GetPrice(Fabric fab
{
)switch(fab
{
;)case Fabric.Cotton: return(
;)case Fabric.Silk: return(
;)case Fabric.Wool: return(
;)case Fabric.Rayon: return(
;)case Fabric.Other: return(
;)default: return(
}
}
)(static void Main
{
;Fabric fab = Fabric.Cotton
int fabNum = (int) fab; //
"string fabType = fab.ToString(); // "Cotton
"string fabVal = fab.ToString("D"); // "
double cost = GetPrice(fab); //
}

enum .

()ToString D .

Fabric GetPrice

;fabNum =(int) fab

46

 - #C

.
System.Enum
foreach .

-2-5-2 System.Enum
Enum.IsDefinedEnum.Parse Enum.Getname System.Enum .
enum .
. Fabric
GetName .
;"string fabStr = "Cotton
// Determine if symbol Cotton exists in Fabric enum
))if (Enum.IsDefined(typeof(Fabric),fabStr
{
// Create enum instance
;)Fabric fab = (Fabric)Enum.Parse( typeof(Fabric) , fabStr
"// Output from the following statement is: "Silk
;))Console.WriteLine("Second value of Fabric Enum is: " + Enum.GetName(typeof(Fabric),
}

ISDefined : typeof
. .
Parse IsDefined . fab
2-2 . enum Parse
.
GetName enum . Silk
2.

-3-5-2 flag
Fabric 2 .
. .
.
;Fabric cotWool = Fabric.Cotton | Fabric.Wool
Console.WriteLine(cotWool.ToString()); // Output:

Wool Cotton .
] [flags .
][Flags
{ enum Fabric :short

()ToString .
. 5
()ToString 101 001 100 .
cotton,wool.

47

 - C# 09177112161 -

-6-2
CLR : ) .(2-2
. byte char int
enum struct . NET.
.
-2-2 NET.

System.Object -1-6-2 System.ValueType

System.Object .
. System.ValueType .
System.Object .
()ToString .
.
System.ValueType System.Object .
override . ()Equals
override . ValueType

-2-6-2
ClR .
Stack Heap
Stack .
3-2
.
;)(Apparel myApparel = new Apparel
;Apparel myApparel = myApparel

48

 - #C

-2-3

CLR -1 Heap .
-2 Heap .
SyncBlockIndex .
-3 myApparel Apparel Price FabType
Heap .
-4 myAparel Stack .
-5 2myApparel Stack
. myApparel 2myApparel .
.
.
.

-3-6-2

.NET Object .
. Object
Heap . :
;int age =
;object refAge = age

age Stack . age

. 17 Heap Stack

. "
"2 .
.
;int newAge = (int) refAge
string newAge = (string) refAge; // Fails. InvalidCastException

49

Boxing

Unboxing

 - C# 09177112161 -

.
ClR .
. System.Array ArrayList .
.
Arraylist Object . ArrayList
.
. .
ArrayList .
ArrayList . 4-2
.
// Create array with four values
;}int[] ages = {
// Place four values in ArrayList
;)(ArrayList ages = new ArrayList
)for (int i=; i<; i++
{
ages.add(i); // expects object parameter
}

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int ArrayList . .
.
ArrayList . 2,0NET .
List ArrayList .
: Stack .
GC Heap GC . NET.
.

-7-2
.
.
.
.
.
50

 - #C
namespace CustomerPhoneBookApp
{
;using System
public struct Subscriber
{
// Code for struct here...
}
}

Subscriber

CustomerPhoneBookApp.Subsciber .
.
.
namespace Arshia
{
namespace ProCSharp
{
namespace Basics
{
class NamespaceExample
{
// Code for the class here...
}
}
}
}

.
.
Arshia.ProCSharp ProCSharp NamespaceExample
Arshia.ProCSharp.Basics.NameSpaceExample.
.
.
namespace Arshia.ProCSharp.Basics
{
class NamespaceExample
{
// Code for the class here...
}
}

: .
.
.

-1-7-2 using
#C .
using .
.
;using System
;using Arshia.ProCSharp

51

 - C# 09177112161 -

#C using System .
System .
using
.
NamesspaceExample Arshia.ProCSharp.Basic Arshia.ProCSharp.OOP .
Test Arshia.ProCSharp
NameSpaceExample .
;using Arshia.ProCSharp
class Test
{
)(public static int Main
{
;)(Basics.NamespaceExample nSEx = new Basics.NamespaceExample
// do something with the nSEx variable
;return
}
}

using header ++C

.

.

-2-7-2
using .
. using
.
;using alias = NamespaceName

Introduction Arshia.ProCSharp.Basic
NamespaceExample . 1 ) (:: .
. Introduction
. :: .
NamespaceExample ()GetNamespace ()GetType . GetType
Type .
.
;using System
;using Introduction = Arshia.ProCSharp.Basics
class Test
{
)(public static int Main
{
= Introduction::NamespaceExample NSEx
;)(new Introduction::NamespaceExample
;))(Console.WriteLine(NSEx.GetNamespace
;return
}
}

Qualifier

52

 - #C
namespace Arshia.ProCSharp.Basics
{
class NamespaceExample
{
)(public string GetNamespace
{
;return this.GetType().Namespace
}
}
}

-8-2 I/O
#C . Console

#C .
1

()Console.ReadLine .
. .

)(Console.Write

.
)(Console.WriteLine

.
.
. .
;)(string s = Console.ReadLine
;)Console.WriteLine(s

()Console.WriteLine printf C
. WriteLine .
. }{ .
. } {0
. .
;int i =
;int j =
;)Console.WriteLine("{} plus {} equals {}", i, j, i + j

.
10 plus 20 equals 30

.
. } {n,w n w .
;int i =
;int j =
;)Console.WriteLine(" {}\n+{}\n ----\n {}", i, j, i + j

+
----

Stream

53

 - C# 09177112161 -

)( .
:

. 10
.

)( . ) 6
( . ) e (E .

. . .

. f e .

)( . 32076744

. .

e/E .

. 2C
.
;decimal i = m
;decimal j = m
;)Console.WriteLine(" {:C}\n+{:C}\n ---------\n {:C}", i,j, i + j

.
$
$
--------$

.
:
;double d =
;)Console.WriteLine("{:#.}", d

23. . #
.

-9-2

#C.

#C ....

#C .
54

 - #C

()Main #C.

#C .

#C Pascal
Camel .

#C /// /* */ // .

#C FCL.

TryParse Parse....

float decimal single D

F M .

#C C.

& | .
.

#C .

def# undef# .

2
.

. Stack
Heap .

System.ValueType System.Object .

object .

object .

.
.

. using
.

:: .

55

) if else if goto (...

) (do while for while

)(continue break

.
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unconditional

Conditional

 #C

10 "( #C . do while, while, for

.

-1-3
.
. .
. :
UpdateSalary ( ) ; // invokes the method up date salary

. .
1-3 .

-1-3
1-3 . 1-3
()Main . . ()1Method
. ()1Method .
()A1Method . ()A1Method.
()A1Method ()A1Method .
()1Method . ()1Method .
()Main . ()2Method . ()2Method
()Main . ()Main .
1-3 . ()Main

()SomeMethod . ()WriteLine
.
1-3

57

2006
f/

;using System
class Functions
{
(static void Main

 -
{
;) ")...

(Console.WriteLine( "In Main! Calling SomeMethod

;) (SomeMethod
;) "Console.WriteLine( "Back in Main( ).

}
) (static void SomeMethod
{
;) "!Console.WriteLine( "Greetings from SomeMethod
}
}

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1
if . if
true 1 . 1
}{ ) . 2-3 (.
2-3
;using System
namespace Branching
{
class Test
{

58

#C
static void Main(

{
int valueOne = 10;
int valueTwo = 20;
int valueThree = 30;
Console.WriteLine( "Testing valueOne against valueTwo..." );
if ( valueOne > valueTwo )
{
Console.WriteLine( "ValueOne: {0} larger than ValueTwo: {1}",valueOne,
valueTwo );
}
Console.WriteLine( "Testing valueThree against valueTwo..." );
if ( valueThree > valueTwo )
{
Console.WriteLine( "ValueThree: {0} larger than ValueTwo: {1}",
valueThree, valueTwo );
}
// end if
}
// end Main
}
// end class
}
// end namespace

{} #C
.
. 30 20 10 valueOne,valueTwo,valueThree
:valueTwo valueOne if
if (ValueOne>ValueTwo)
{
Console Write Line("Value One:{0}Laser then Value Two: {1}"
ValueOne , ValueTwo);
}

( false ) if ( 20valueTwo( ( 10valueOne(

: valueTwo valueThree . if
if (ValueThree>ValueTwo)
{
Console. Write Line("Value Three:{0}longer than Value Two:{1}",
Value Three , Value Two);
}

true ( 20valueTwo( ( 30valueThree(

if . WriteLine .
. if
Testing Value One against Value Two.
Testing Value Three against Value Two
Value Three : 30 larger than Value Two : 20

if -2-2-3
) 2-3 if
2-3 . if .(()WriteLine
. 3-3
59

 -
using System;
namespace Branching
{
class Test
{
static void Main( )
{
int valueOne = 10;
int valueTwo = 20;

}
}

int valueThree = 30;

Console.WriteLine( "Testing valueOne against valueTwo..." );
if ( valueOne > valueTwo )
Console.WriteLine( "ValueOne: {0} larger than ValueTwo: {1}",
valueOne, valueTwo );
Console.WriteLine( "Testing valueThree against valueTwo..." );
if ( valueThree > valueTwo )
Console.WriteLine( "ValueThree: {0} larger than ValueTwo: {1}",
valueThree, valueTwo );
// end Main
// end class
// end namespace

: . if
.
.

.
if .
3 valueThree . 4-3 .
. if
4-3
using System;
namespace Branching
{
class Test
{
static void Main( )
{
int valueOne = 10;
int valueTwo = 20;

}
}

int valueThree = 10;

Console.WriteLine( "Testing valueOne against valueTwo..." );
if ( valueOne > valueTwo )
Console.WriteLine( "ValueOne: {0} larger than ValueTwo: {1}",
valueOne, valueTwo );
Console.WriteLine( "Testing valueThree against valueTwo..." );
if ( valueThree > valueTwo )
Console.WriteLine( "ValueThree: {0} larger than ValueTwo: {1}",
valueThree, valueTwo );
Console.WriteLine( "Good thing you tested again!" );
} // end Main
// end class
// end namespace

60

 #C

.
.
.
Testing Value One against Value Two
Testing Value Three against Value Two
Good thing you tested again

.
. ) " (" Good thing ... if.
) if ( valueThree > valueTwo
Console.WriteLine( "ValueThree: {0} larger than ValueTwo: {1}",
;)valueThree, valueTwo
;)"!Console.WriteLine("Good thing you tested again

if . if .
if .
) if ( valueThree > valueTwo
Console.WriteLine(ValueThree: {0} larger than ValueTwo:{1}", valueThree,
;)valueTwo
;)"!Console.WriteLine("Good thing you tested again

if .
) if ( valueThree > valueTwo
{
Console.WriteLine( "ValueThree: {0} larger than ValueTwo: {1}",
;)valueThree, valueTwo
;)"!Console.WriteLine("Good thing you tested again

#C if if

.

if
.

)if (condition
{
// statement
}

)if (condition
{
// statement
}

{)if (condition
// statement
}

61

if if
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if if . K&R ).
(Kernighan ,Ritchie C .
. K&R
.

-3-2-3

:
int

;x=8

int

;y= 15

) )if ( ( x==8) // ( y==12

if . if true
if true . (8x==) : )== (12y
(||) or . x 8 )== (8x true
)== (12y y 12 true .
:
;x=8

int
int

;y=12

) )if ( ( x==5) & & (y==12

false and false .

#C . .
. .
)public bool QuotientOverTwenty(float dividend, float divisor
{
) if ( divisor != 0 && dividend / divisor > 20
{
;return true
}
;return false
}

20 .
. if false
. .
)public bool QuotientOverTwenty(float dividend, float divisor
{
;bool retVal = false

Short circuit evaluation

62

 #C
) if ( divisor != 0
{
) if ( dividend / divisor > 20
;retVal = true
}
;return retVal
}

-4-2-3 if.. else

true
. ": 25
".
" " else . 2-3
valueOne valueTwo . 5-3.
5-3
;using System
namespace Branching
{
class Test
{
) (static void Main
{
;int valueOne = 10
;int valueTwo = 20
;) "Console.WriteLine( "Testing valueOne against valueTwo...
) if ( valueOne > valueTwo
{
Console.WriteLine( "ValueOne: {0} larger than ValueTwo: {1}",
;) valueOne, valueTwo
} // end if
else
{
Console.WriteLine("Nope, ValueOne: {0} is NOT larger than ValueTwo:
;) {1}", valueOne, valueTwo
} // end else
} // end Main
// end class
// end namespace

:
Testing valueOne against valueTwo...
Nope, ValueOne: 10 is NOT larger than ValueTwo: 20

if if else
if else .

63

-5-2-3 if
if .
:
-

32 .

32 .

32 .

. 6-3 if
.
6-3

;using System
class Values
{
(static void Main
{
;int temp = 32

) if ( temp <= 32
{
;) "!Console.WriteLine( "Warning! Ice on road
) if ( temp == 32
{
;) "Console.WriteLine("Temp exactly freezing, beware of water.
}
else
{
;) Console.WriteLine( "Watch for black ice! Temp: {0}", temp
}
}
}
}

6-3 : 32 . :
)if ( temp<=32
;)" Console. Write line ( " warning Ice on road

32 32
.
if if . else " :
32 32 32".
if else if #C .
if . false else if
. 6-3
. 7-3 .
7-3
;using System
class Values

64

 #C
{
)

(static void Main

{
;int temp = 32

) if ( temp < 32
{
;) "!Console.WriteLine( "Warning! Ice on road
}
) else if ( temp == 32
{
;) "Console.WriteLine("Temp exactly freezing, beware of water.
}
else
{
;) Console.WriteLine( "Watch for black ice! Temp: {0}", temp
}
}
}

if 32 32 . false
else if . if true ) (else
. :

;using System
class Values
{
(static void Main
{
;int temp = 32

) if ( temp < 32
{
;) "!Console.WriteLine( "Warning! Ice on road
}
else
{
) if ( temp == 32
{
;) "Console.WriteLine("Temp exactly freezing, beware of water.
}
else
{
;) Console.WriteLine( "Watch for black ice! Temp: {0}", temp
}
}
}
}
else if else if else

-6-2-3 switch
if .
switch . switch " :
"
) switch ( expression
{

65

 -
case constant- expression
Statement
Jump- Statement
][ default: statement 1
}

switch . case
. .
case .
case . case
. break switch switch

.
8-3 .
.
8-3
class Values
{
enum Party
{
Democrat,
Republican,
Progressive
}
)(static void Main
{
// hard wire to Democratic
;Party myChoice = Party.Democrat
// switch on the value of myChoice
) switch ( myChoice
{
case Party.Democrat:
;) "Console.WriteLine( "You voted Democratic.
;break
case Party.Republican:
;) "Console.WriteLine( "You voted Republican.
;break
case Party.Progressive:
;) "Console.WriteLine( "You voted Progressive.
;break
}
;) "Console.WriteLine( "Thank you for voting.
}
}

:
You voted Democratic.
Thank you for voting

8-3 if switch .
switch case ) .
.(Democrat
case break .
. case break .
66

#C
case 9-3

..
9-3
using System;
class Values
{
enum Party
{
Democrat,
Republican,
Progressive
}
static void Main()
{
// hard wire to Democratic
Party myChoice = Party.Democrat;
// switch on the value of myChoice
switch ( myChoice )
{
case Party.Democrat:
Console.WriteLine( "You voted Democratic." );
break;
case Party.Republican:
Console.WriteLine( "You voted Republican." );
break;
case Party.Progressive:
Console.WriteLine( "You voted Progressive." );
break;
default:
Console.WriteLine( "You did not make a valid choice." );
break;
}
Console.WriteLine( "Thank you for voting." );
}
}

:
You did not make a valid choice.
Thank you for voting.

. default case
.
. while
case -7-2-3
case " 1 " case case
: .
case Compassionate Republican :
case Republican :
Console.WriteLine( "you voted Republican./n");
Console.Write line( "do not you feel compassioned");

Falling

through

67

case . case
. case . case
case . goto case .
goto .
. .
NewLeft . NewLeft
Democrat . :
case NewLeft:
;)"Console. write line("the New Left members are Voting Democratic
case Democrat :
;)"Console. write line(" you Voted Democratic./n
;Break

:
Control cannot fall through from one case label(case'4') To another

.
. case ) (4
) (NewLeft . NewLeft .
int

const

;Democrat = 0

;int Compassioned Republican = 1

const

int

const

;int Progressive = 3

const

;Republican = 2

;int NewLeft = 4

const

case NewLeft case goto :

case NewLeft:
;)"Console.write line("the New Left members are Voting Democratic
;Goto case Democrat
;case Democrat
;)"Console. write line("you Voted Democratic./n
;Break

. Democrat NewLeft
.

-8-2-3 switch
switch #C . switch .
10-3 9-3 switch
10-3
;using System
class Values
{
) (static void Main
{
;"String myChoice = "NewLeft
// switch on the string value of myChoice
) switch ( myChoice

68

 #C
{
case "NewLeft":
(Console.WriteLine
;) ""The NewLeft members are voting Democratic.
;"goto case "Democrat
case "Democrat":
;) "Console.WriteLine( "You voted Democratic.\n
;break
case "CompassionateRepublican": // fall through
case "Republican":
;) "Console.WriteLine( "You voted Republican.\n
;) "?Console.WriteLine( "don't you feel compassionate
;break
case "Progressive":
;) "Console.WriteLine( "You voted Progressive.\n
;break
default:
;) "Console.WriteLine( "You did not make a valid choice.
;break
}
;) "Console.WriteLine( "Thank you for voting.
}

-3-3

. . ) (
.
.
.
.
#C for, while, do while foreach .
goto . goto, for, while, do

while .

-1-3-3 goto
goto switch .
goto . goto .
goto .
. goto .
switch . goto :
-1 -2 goto

69

 -
goto .

if goto 11-3 .
.
11-3
using System;
public class Tester
{
public static void Main( )
{
int counterVariable = 0;
repeat: // the label
Console.WriteLine(
"counterVariable: {0}", counterVariable );
// increment the counter
counterVariable++;
if ( counterVariable < 10 )
goto repeat; // the dastardly deed

:
counterVariable: 0
counterVariable: 1
counterVariable: 2
counterVariable: 3
counterVariable: 4
counterVariable: 5
counterVariable: 6
counterVariable: 7
counterVariable: 8
counterVariable: 9

. goto .
. goto
while 5-3-2

: " " : while

while ( Boolean Expression ) Statement

while . true false

. while 12-3 .
12-3
using System;
public class Tester
{
public static void Main( )
{
int counterVariable = 0;
// while the counter variable is less than 10
// print out its value

70

 #C
) while ( counterVariable < 10
{
;) Console.WriteLine( "counterVariable: {0}", counterVariable
;counterVariable++
}
}

:
counterVariable: 0
counterVariable: 1
counterVariable: 2
counterVariable: 3
counterVariable: 4
counterVariable: 5
counterVariable: 6
counterVariable: 7
counterVariable: 8
counterVariable: 9

12-3 11-3 . while-

" counterVariable 10
counterVariable .
while counterVariable .
. counterVariable 11
.

-3-3-3 do while
while . while

. " " " "

. do while while . do while
. .
do while .
do .
while
);( .
;)do Statement while(Boolean Expression

13-3 do while 12-3 .

13-3
;using System
public class Tester
{
) (public static void Main
{
;int counterVariable = 11

71

 -
// display the message and then test that the value is
// less than 10
do
{
;) Console.WriteLine( "counterVariable: {0}", counterVariable
;counterVariable++
;) } while ( counterVariable < 10
}
}

:
counter variable : 11

13-3 counterVariable 11 while

.

-4-3-3 for
while 12-3 .
) .(counterVariable ) .(counterVariable <10 for
. for for
:
);]for([initializes];[BooleanExpression];[iterates
Statement

.
. .
. for 14-3 .
14-3
;using System
public class Tester
{
) (public static void Main
{
) for ( int counter = 0; counter < 10; counter++
{
(Console.WriteLine
;) "counter: {0} ", counter
}
}
}

:
counter: 0
counter: 1
counter: 2
counter: 3
counter: 4
counter: 5
counter: 6

72

 #C
counter: 7
counter: 8
counter: 9

counter . counter
. counter .
.
. counter 10 . for
. counter . counter

. true for .
++ . . for

++counter counter ++ .
for " counter true
counter "
) for( break
for . for
break .
break for for . 16-3
.
16-3
;using System
public class Tester
{
) (public static void Main
{
) for ( int counter = 0; counter < 10; counter++
{
;) Console.WriteLine( "counter: {0} ", counter
// if condition is met, break out.
) if ( counter == 5
{
{
;) "Console.WriteLine( "Breaking out of the loop
;break
}
}
;) "Console.WriteLine( "for loop ended
}
}
}

:
counter: 0
counter: 1
counter: 2
counter: 3

73

 -
counter: 4
counter: 5
Breaking out of the loop
for loop ended

5 5 for
.
continue

"
continue .
.
continue break
.
. continue break 17-3
.
17-3
using System;
public class Tester
{
public static int Main( )
{
string signal = "0"; // initialize to neutral
while ( signal != "X" ) // X indicates stop
{
Console.Write( "Enter a signal. X = stop. A = Abort: " );
signal = Console.ReadLine( );
// do some work here, no matter what signal you
// receive
Console.WriteLine( "Received: {0}", signal );
if ( signal == "A" )
{
// faulty - abort signal processing
// Log the problem and abort.
Console.WriteLine( "Fault! Abort\n" );
break;
}
if ( signal == "0" )
{
// normal traffic condition
// log and continue on
Console.WriteLine( "All is well.\n" );
continue;
}
// Problem. Take action and then log the problem
// and then continue on
Console.WriteLine( "{0} -- raise alarm!\n", signal );
}
return 0;
}
}

74

 #C

.
()Console.ReadLine . A .
" ) "0( .
) Abort " "A ( .
. " "X while .
:
Enter a signal. X = stop. A = Abort: 0
Received: 0
All is well.
Enter a signal. X = stop. A = Abort: 1
Received: 1
!1 -- raise alarm
Enter a signal. X = stop. A = Abort: X
Received: X
!X -- raise alarm

:
Enter a signal. X = stop. A = Abort: A
Received: A
Fault! Abort

A . if
. 0 . .
X A .
for

for
:
)]for([Initializes];[BooleanExpression]; [Aerators
Statement

for . 18-3
for .
18-3
;using System
public class Tester
{
) (public static void Main
{
;int counter = 0
// some work here
;counter = 3
// more work here
) for ( ; counter < 10; counter++
{
;) Console.WriteLine("counter: {0} ", counter
}
}
}

75

:
counter: 3
counter: 4
counter: 5
counter: 6
counter: 7
counter: 8
counter: 9

counter for . ;
.
counter for . -3
19 .
19-3
;using System
public class Tester
{
) (public static void Main
{
for ( int counter = 0; counter < 10; ) // no increment
{
;) Console.WriteLine( "counter: {0} ", counter
// do more work here
counter++; // increment counter
}
}
}

for :
) ;for ( ; counter< 10
while for . for

:
) ; ; ( for

)true ) while . break .

20-3 .
20-3
;using System
public class Tester
{
) (public static void Main
{
int counterVariable = 0; // initialization
for ( ; ; ) // forever
{
Console.WriteLine( "counter: {0} ", counterVariable++ ); // increment
if ( counterVariable > 10 ) // test

76

 #C
;break
}

}
}

:
counter: 0
counter: 1
counter: 2
counter: 3
counter: 4
counter: 5
counter: 6
counter: 7
counter: 8
counter: 9

10counter:
.
.

-4-3

.
.

.
.

true if .
if or . true
. .

if else true false

if .

switch
.

switch default
.

.
.

77

goto .

while true .
.

dowhile while .
.

for . for
. for
.
.

78

1 2 .... .
3 .
4 .
. .
.
) ( 5
. .
... .
.
.
....
.

PopUp

Listbox

Interface

Object oriented programming

problem domain

 - C# 09177112161 -

1 .
. .

. .
... .

. .
.
. .
2 .

-1-4
.
. . . .
3 .
.
.
.
.

-2-4
.
. .
.
. .

80

object state

Encapsulation

simplification

.
. #C 1
2 .
.
.
Car . Car . Car.
. Car .
.

:-3-4 :
. #C 3
.
class Dog
{
private int weight; // member field
private String name; // member field

. Dog .
.
. .
class Dog
{
;private int weight
;private String name
public void Bark( ) // member method
{
// code here to bark
}

private public .
private public
.

81

class

instance

Member field

 - C# 09177112161 -

. Dog 1
2 ... . .
.
. .
) . ()Feed ( . ) Bark

( Sniff ) .(BegForFeed .
.
) ( .

-4-3 :
. .
. Manager
UpdateSalary . Manager Employee

3 . .
. ...
. .
.
. Has-a .
. . Is-a.

++c is-a has-a #C

.

.
NET. String . Address
. Employee Address.

-5-4
: .
. .

82

Bark

nap

associate

.
.

-1-5-4
.
) (self-contain .
.
.

.
public .
.
.
.

public .
()NetPresentValue
. .

-2-5-4
1 #C 2 )
( . .
3 . .
Is-a . . )
(.
Manager Employee . ) ( )
( Manager . . Manager
Manager .
. Button ListBox . .
) ( ) (... .
. paste, cut
.
specialization

inheritance

Derived

83

 - C# 09177112161 -

-3-5-4
poly . morph
. .
.
) . (ListBox Button
. .
Draw
. .
.

-6-4
.
. .
.
. use-case
.
.
.
. .
.
.

-7-4

84

.
.

. .

85

this

) (#c .
. #c
. . #c
.
.
.
.
. .
.
.

.
ListBox . ListBox
. .
. ListBox
. . .

#C .
. .
. Dog Bark ListBox
Sort .
. .

.
.

-1-5
.
. ListBox

ListBox .
.
1 . .
ListBox
.
.
class . .
}[attributes ] [access-modifiers] class identifier [:base-class] {class-body

2 ) ( .
#C . )
public (.
3 . #C ) ( .
.
).(GoldenRetriever
. .
. .
class Dog
{
int age; // the dog's age
int weight; // the dog's weight
} Bark( ) { //...

87

listBox

Attributes

identifier

 - C# 09177112161 -
} Eat( ) { // ...
}

Dog .
.

-1-1-5 1
.
.
.
Dog milo; // declare milo to be an instance of Dog

. Camel .
myDog.
.
new .
milo=new Dog();//allocate memory for milo

.
;() Dog milo=new Dog
milo Dog Dog .
.
#C . . ()Main
.
()Main ()Main .
public class Tester
{
) (public static void Main
{
//...
}
}

Tester ()Main Tester .

:
;()Tester myTester = new Tester
Tester .

Instantiate

88

-2-1-5 Time
.
. .

NET. DataTime .
6 ) (1-5 .

1-5 Time

;using System
public class Time
{
// private variables
;private int year
;private int month
;private int date
;private int hour
;private int minute
;private int second
// public methods
) (public void DisplayCurrentTime
{
;) "Console.WriteLine( "stub for DisplayCurrentTime
}
}
public class Tester
{
) (static void Main
{
;) (Time timeObject = new Time
;) (timeObject.DisplayCurrentTime
}
}

Time . Time second

,minute ,hour ,day ,month ,year .

private .
private .

#C ) ( .
.

Time DisplayCurrentTime . void

.

89

 - C# 09177112161 -

. DisplayCurrentTime
.
Time Tester ()Main . ()Main Time
timeObject .
;) (Time timeObject = new Time

timeObject Time ()Main DisplayCurrentTime

.
;) (timeObject.DisplayCurrentTime

) (
. .

-3-1-5
. 1-6
#C .
-1-5

public

. public
.

private

protected

internal

Protected
Internal

public

.
.

private

public
.
.

Restrictions

90

:
.
Time ()DisplayCurrentTime public .
private . 2-6
()DisplayCurrentTime Tester .
Time DisplayCurrentTime public .

-2-5
. .
.
ListBox ()Sort
.
. .
. ()MyMethod void
.
)void MyMethod (int firstParam, Button secondParam
{
// ...
}

. 2-5 .
2-5
;using System
public class MyClass
{
) public void SomeMethod( int firstParam, float secondParam
{
Console.WriteLine("Here are the parameters received: {}, {}",firstParam,
;) secondParam
}
}
public class Tester
{
) (static void Main
{
;int howManyPeople =
;float pi = f
;) (MyClass mc = new MyClass
;) mc.SomeMethod( howManyPeople, pi
}
}

:
Here are the parameters received 53,14

) (Main howManyPeople pi .
SomeMethod . howManyPeople firstParam pi
secondParam .
91

 - C# 09177112161 -

-3-5
1-6 Time ()Time.
;) (Time timeObject = new Time

.
. .
.
.
2-5 Time .
.
. .
. 2-5
.
2-5

bool

flase

char

null \0

Enum

Refrence

null

. 3-5 .
:
-1 .
-2 .
. 3-5
Time 6 .
3-5
;using System
public class Time
{
// private member variables
;int year
;int month
;int date
;int hour

92

hour,

year,

{}:{}:{}", month, date,

;) minute, second

;int minute
;int second
// public method
) (public void DisplayCurrentTime
{
}System.Console.WriteLine( "{}/{}/{

}
// constructor
public Time( int theYear, int theMonth, int theDate,int theHour, int theMinute,
) int theSecond
{
;year = theYear
;month = theMonth
;date = theDate
;hour = theHour
;minute = theMinute
;second = theSecond
}
}
public class Tester
{
) (static void Main
{
;) Time timeObject = new Time( , , , , ,
;) (timeObject.DisplayCurrentTime
}
}

:
9:35:20 2008/1/8

.
Time .
()DisplayCurrentTime ()Main .
.
.

-4-5

.
.
Private int second =30 ; //intializer
Time 30 . Time

Second . 4-5 .
4-5
;using System
public class Time
{
// private member variables
Initializers

93

 - C# 09177112161 -
;int year
;int month
;int date
;int hour
;int minute
;int second =
// public method
) (public void DisplayCurrentTime
{
System.Console.WriteLine( "{}/{}/{} {}:{}:{}",month, date, year, hour,
;) minute, second
}
// constructor
) public Time( int theYear, int theMonth, int theDate,int theHour, int theMinute
{
;year = theYear
;month = theMonth
;date = theDate
;hour = theHour
;minute = theMinute
}
}
public class Tester
{
) (static void Main
{
;) Time timeObject = new Time( , , , ,
;) (timeObject.DisplayCurrentTime
}
}

9:35:30 2008/1/8
.
Second 30 .
. Second

30
.

-5-5 this
this . this
) ( . this :
.
)public void SomeMethod (int hour
{
;this.hour = hour
}

SomeMethod . this
this.hour . hour .
this .
94

 -
)public void SetTime(year, month, date, newHour, newMinute, newSecond
{
this.year = year; // use of "this" required
this.month = month; // required
this.date = date; // required
this.hour = hour; // use of "this" optional
this.minute = newMinute; // optional
second = newSecond; // also ok
}

this
.
this . :
Class SomeClass
{
)public void FirstMethod(OtherClass otherObject
{
;)otherObject.SecondMethod(this
}
// ...
}

SomeClass : OtherClass. SomeClass FirstMethod

OtherClass SomeMethod . FirstMethod SecondMethod
. this .
this indexer .

-6-5
1 2 .

. static
.
. .
.
. Button
btnUpdate bthDelete .
Button ()Draw ()GetButtonCount . ()Draw
GetButtonCount .
.
;) (btnUpdate.SomeMethod

.
;) (Button.GetButtonCount

95

Instance

Static

 - C# 09177112161 -

-1-6-5
. this
.
. ()Main
. ()Main .
2005vs StaticTester VS.NET .
StaticTester 1Class 1Class . Tester
] [STATThread VS NET ()Main . args
()Main . :
;using System
namespace StaticTester
{
class Tester
{
) (static void Main
{
}
}
}

. ()Main ()Run
. ()Run .
()Run . Run public
.
) (public void Run

()Run . .
" "Hello world .
) (public void Run
{
;)"Console.WriteLine("Hello world
}

( )Run ( )Main . ()Run .

Tester ()Run .
;( )Tester t=new Tester

1-5

96

new 1 .
( )Run t Tester . t
Tester .
5-5 .
5-5
;using System
namespace StaticTester
{
// create the class
class Tester
{
// Run is an instance method
) (public void Run
{
;) "Console.WriteLine( "Hello world
}
// Main is static
) (static void Main
{
// create an instance
;) (Tester t = new Tester
// invoke the instance method
;) (t.Run
}
}
}

:
Hello world

. ()Main
()Run .

Intellisense

97

09177112161 - - C#

-2-6-5
.
. Cat
. 6-5 . Cat
6-5
using System;
namespace Test
{
// declare a Cat class
// stripped down
public class Cat
{
// a private static member to keep
// track of how many Cat objects have
// been created
private static int instances = ;
private int weight;
private String name;
// cat constructor
// increments the count of Cats
public Cat( String name, int weight )
{
instances++;
this.name = name;
this.weight = weight;
}
// Static method to retrieve
// the current number of Cats
public static void HowManyCats( )
{
Console.WriteLine( "{} cats adopted", instances );
}
public void TellWeight( )
{
Console.WriteLine( "{} is {} pounds", name, weight );
}
}
class Tester
{
public void Run( )
{
Cat.HowManyCats( );
Cat frisky = new Cat( "Frisky", );
frisky.TellWeight( );
Cat.HowManyCats( );
Cat whiskers = new Cat( "Whisky", );
whiskers.TellWeight( );
Cat.HowManyCats( );
}
static void Main( )
{
Tester t = new Tester( );
t.Run( );
}
}
}

:
98

 -
adopted
is pounds
adopted
is pounds
adopted

cats
Frisky
cats
Whisky
cats

Cat instances .
Cat . .
Cat .name , weight : Cat
.
Cat ()TellWeight() ,HowManyCats . ()HowManyCats .
. . ()TellWeight
. ( )Main Cat HowManyCats .
;) (Cat.HowManyCats

()Main Cat Cat ()TellWeight .

) (Cat frisky = new Cat
;) (frisky.TellWeight

Cat ()HowManyCats . .

-7-5
#C (++c,c ( .
1

. )
(.
.
.
#C .
{ } MyClass
.
)(protected override void Finalize
{
try
{
// do work here
}
finally
{
;)(base.Finalize
}
}

Scarce

99

 - C# 09177112161 -

1 . .
.
IDisposable . Dispose
.
()Dispose .
()GC.SuppressFinalize this
. ()Dispose :
;using System
class Testing : IDisposable
{
;bool is_disposed = false
) protected virtual void Dispose( bool disposing
{
!if ( !is_disposed ) // only dispose once
{
) if ( disposing
{
Console.WriteLine( "Not in destructor,
;) "OK to reference other objects
}
// perform cleanup for this object
;) "Console.WriteLine( "Disposing...
}
;this.is_disposed = true
}
) (public void Dispose
{
;) Dispose( true
// tell the GC not to finalize
;) GC.SuppressFinalize( this
}
) (~Testing
{
;) Dispose( false
;) "Console.WriteLine( "In destructor.
}
}

()Close . ()Dispose
()Close ()Close ()Dispose .
()Dispose #C using
()Dispose .
. ()Dispose
. :
;using System.Drawing
class Tester
{
) (public static void Main
{
))using (Font theFont = new Font("Arial", f
{
// use the font
}
Finalizer

100

 -
}
}

Font .
Font using . using ()Dispose
()Font .

-8-5
. .
.
.
int Stack .
Stack .
Stack .
.
) ( .
.
#C . Stack .
) (long , int Stack .
. Heap .
.
. :
;( )Dog milo=new Dog
new Dog Heap . milo
. milo Dog Heap .
. milo ) Dog ( Heap . milo
. milo Dog .
.
7-5 . .
7-5
;using System
namespace heap
{
public class Dog
{
;public int weight
}
class Tester
{
) (public void Run
{
// create an integer

101

09177112161 - - C#
int firstInt = ;
// create a second integer
int secondInt = firstInt;
// display the two integers
Console.WriteLine( "firstInt: {} secondInt: {}",firstInt, secondInt );
// modify the second integer
secondInt = ;
// display the two integers
Console.WriteLine( "firstInt: {} secondInt: {}",firstInt, secondInt );
// create a dog
Dog milo = new Dog( );
// assign a value to weight
milo.weight = ;
// create a second reference to the dog
Dog fido = milo;
// display their values
Console.WriteLine( "Milo: {}, fido: {}",milo.weight, fido.weight );
// assign a new weight to the second reference
fido.weight = ;
// display the two values
Console.WriteLine( "Milo: {}, fido: {}",milo.weight, fido.weight );
}
static void Main( )
{
Tester t = new Tester( );
t.Run( );
}
}
}

:
firstInt: secondInt:
firstInt: secondInt:
Milo: , fido:
Milo: , fido:

secondInt . 5 firstInt
: . firstInt
firstInt: secondInt:

2-5

firstInt int .
. secondInt 2-5 . secondInt
. secondInt
secondInt = ;

.
.
3-5

102

.
firstInt: secondInt:

Dog weight . public

. Dog milo .
;) (Dog milo = new Dog

5 milo .
;milo.weight =

milo 5 . heap milo

. 4-5 .
4-5

Dog milo .
heap .
;Dog fido = milo

secondInt
;int secondInt = firstInt
;Dog fido = milo

Dog fido milo .

milo . 5-5 Heap
. fido .
;fido.weight =

milo .
Milo : 7, Fido : 7
fido milo . Heap . milo

103

 - C# 09177112161 -

: fido new Dog

fido milo .

Heap

5-5

1 .

-9-5

class 2
.

. new

Heap .

.
.

public .

private .

protected .

.
. .

. this
.

this .

104

Struct

Delegate

.
static . this
.

#C .NET GC .

()Dispose .

Stack .
.

Heap .
Heap .
. Heap
GC .

105

override

, , 1 .
#C .
2 .

-1-6

. ,
is-a .
4 .
.
.

Specialization

Polumorphism

Generalization

characteristic

, . .
, ,
.

.
. . ,
.
Listbox,Button
. , , ListBox,Button
.
,UML UML . 1
. .
,UML 1-6 .
. , Button ListBox Window .

-1-6
.
, . ,
.
: ) (2-6 . RadioButton ,CheckBox ,

CommandButton
Button
) .(3-6 .

Visual

107

 #C

-2-6

-3-6
UML 3-6 ListBox Button
Window Button Command CheckBox . RadioButton ,
CheckBox .

.

-2-6
,#c .
. ListBox , Window
, window .
Window 1 ListBox ListBox
Window . , 2
, 3 ) (object .

108

Base class

Parent

Child

-1-2-6
#c
.
public class ListBox : Window

" . Window ListBox

. "

. .
. new ,
. new
: 1-6
1-6
using System;
public class Window
{
// constructor takes two integers to
// fix location on the console
public Window( int top, int left )
{
this.top = top;
this.left = left;
}
// simulates drawing the window
public void DrawWindow( )
{
Console.WriteLine( "Drawing Window at {}, {}",top, left );
}
// these members are private and thus invisible
// to derived class methods; we'll examine this
// later in the chapter
private int top;
private int left;
}
// ListBox derives from Window
public class ListBox : Window
{
// constructor adds a parameter
public ListBox( int top, int left, string theContents ) :
base( top, left ) // call base constructor
{
mListBoxContents = theContents;
}
// a new version (note keyword) because in the
// derived method we change the behavior
public new void DrawWindow( )
{
base.DrawWindow( ); // invoke the base method
Console.WriteLine( "Writing string to the listbox: {}",mListBoxContents );
}
private string mListBoxContents; // new member variable
}
public class Tester
{
public static void Main( )

109

 #C
{
// create a base instance
;) Window w = new Window( ,
;) (w.DrawWindow
// create a derived instance
;) "ListBox lb = new ListBox( , , "Hello world
;) (lb.DrawWindow
}
}

:
Drawing Window at ,
Drawing Window at ,
Writing string to the listbox: Hello world

1-6 Window . ()DrawWindow

. top left . .

-2-2-6
1-6 ListBox Window .
,ListBox ) (:
base .
public ListBox( int theTop, int theLeft, string theContents):
base(theTop, theLeft) // call base constructor

,
. ,
.
. , ,
. ,base .

-3-2-6
public private
protected .
.
, . MyClass :
public class MyClass
{
// ...
;protected int myValue
}

public myValue . public

. MyOtherClass
MyClass .
public class MyClass : MyOtherClass
{
;)Console.WriteLine("myInt: {}", myInt
}

110

MyOtherClass myInt MyOtherClass MyClass

MyClass myInt .

: .
.

-3-6
: . ListBox
. .
. .
.
.
.
. .

-1-3-6
ListBox Window Button Window
.
.
. .
.
:
-1 .
-2 override.
virtual .
()Drawwindow 1-6 . virtual

.
) (public virtual void DrawWindow

()DrawWindow
()DrawWindow . ()DrawWindow override .
override .
override override override
. 2-6 override .
-2-6
;using System
public class Window
{
// constructor takes two integers to

111

#C
// fix location on the console
public Window( int top, int left )
{
this.top = top;
this.left = left;
}
// simulates drawing the window
public virtual void DrawWindow( )
{
Console.WriteLine( "Window: drawing Window at {}, {}",top, left );
}
// these members are protected and thus visible
// to derived class methods. We'll examine this
// later in the chapter. (Typically, these would be private
// and wrapped in protected properties, but the current approach
// keeps the example simpler.)
protected int top;
protected int left;
} // end Window
// ListBox derives from Window
public class ListBox : Window
{
// constructor adds a parameter
// and calls the base constructor
public ListBox(int top,int left,string contents ) : base( top, left )
{
listBoxContents = contents;
}
// an overridden version (note keyword) because in the
// derived method we change the behavior
public override void DrawWindow( )
{
base.DrawWindow( ); // invoke the base method
Console.WriteLine( "Writing string to the listbox: {}",listBoxContents );
}
private string listBoxContents; // new member variable
} // end ListBox
public class Button : Window
{
public Button(
int top,
int left ) : base( top, left )
{}
// an overridden version (note keyword) because in the
// derived method we change the behavior
public override void DrawWindow( )
{
Console.WriteLine( "Drawing a button at {}, {}\n",top, left );
}
} // end Button
public class Tester
{
static void Main( )
{
Window win = new Window( , );
ListBox lb = new ListBox( , , "Stand alone list box" );
Button b = new Button( , );
win.DrawWindow( );
lb.DrawWindow( );
b.DrawWindow( );
Window[] winArray = new Window[];
winArray[] = new Window( , );
winArray[] = new ListBox( , , "List box in array" );
winArray[] = new Button( , );
for ( int i = ; i < ; i++ )

112

 -
{
winArray[i].DrawWindow( );
} // end for
} // end Main
} // end Tester

:
Window:
Window:
Writing
Drawing
Window:
Window:
Writing
Drawing

drawing Window at ,
drawing Window at ,
string to the listbox: Stand alone list box
a button at ,
drawing Window at ,
drawing Window at ,
string to the listbox: List box in array
a button at ,

.)( DrawWindow ListBox 2-6

public override void DrawWindow( )
{
base.DrawWindow( ); // invoke the base method
Console.WriteLine ("Writing string to the listbox: {}", listBoxContents);
}

. override DrawWindow override

)override Window )( DrawWindow ,
.(Button
)( DrawWindow Button Window, ListBox ,
.
Window win = new Window();
ListBox lb = new ListBox(,"Stand alone list box");
Button b = new Button();
win.DrawWindow( );
lb.DrawWindow( );
b.DrawWindow( );

.)( DrawWindow .
. Window .
. Window ListBox Window ListBox
. Button
Window[] winArray
winArray[] = new
winArray[] = new
winArray[] = new

= new Window[];
Window();
ListBox(,"List box in array");
Button();

Window . Window winArray

.
)( DrawWindow
for (int i = ; i < winArray.Length-; i++)
{
winArray[i].DrawWindow();
}

.)( DrawWindow . i
.)( DrawWindow Window
113

 #C
()DrawWindow virtual Window

. , ()DrawWindow
override ()DrawWindow
.
.
, , override override .
( )public override void DrawWindow
override .
1 . ListBox
()ListBox.DrawWindow .

-2-3-6 2 new override

override C# override .
. ,
. override .
A Window 2-6 ListBox Button
B Window A . ,B
Window .
, B ()Sort ListBox .
public class ListBox : Window
{
}public virtual void Sort( ) {...
}

, A Window , . A
()Sort Window .
public class Window
{
// ...
}public virtual void Sort( ) {...
}

) (++c ( )Sort Window

()Sort ListBox ListBox .
#C . ,#C virtual 3 .
, #C , .
()Sort Window ListBox .
ListBox , .

114

Late binding

Versioning

Dispatch

 -
...\class.cs(): warning CS: 'ListBox.Sort( )' hides
inherited member 'Window.Sort( )'.
To make the current member override that implementation,
add the override keyword. Otherwise add the new keyword.

: , .
, . Sort ListBox new

override .
public class ListBox : Window
{
}public new virtual void Sort( ) {...

. override
override .
public class ListBox : Window
{
}public override void Sort( ) {...

: new .
. new , .
ListBox , ()Sort ( )ListBox Window
.

-4-6

,Window . .
Window ()DrawWindow . window .
, .
, . 2
. , , .
, . .
, . ( )DrawWindow
Window Window . Window

.
()Window.DrawWindow Window ()DrawWindow
. , ,
.
abstract .
;) (abstract public void DrawWindow

Abstract
Signature

1
2

115

#C

.( ; )
. abstract ,
abstract public class Window

. )( DrawWindow Window 3-6

3-6
using System;
public abstract class Window
{
// constructor takes two integers to
// fix location on the console
public Window( int top, int left )
{
this.top = top;
this.left = left;
}
// simulates drawing the window
// notice: no implementation
public abstract void DrawWindow( );
protected int top;
protected int left;
} // end class Window
// ListBox derives from Window
public class ListBox : Window
{
// constructor adds a parameter
public ListBox(int top,int left,string contents ) : base( top, left )
// call base constructor
{
listBoxContents = contents;
}
// an overridden version implementing the
// abstract method
public override void DrawWindow( )
{
Console.WriteLine( "Writing string to the listbox: {}",listBoxContents );
}
private string listBoxContents; // new member variable
} // end class ListBox
public class Button : Window
{
public Button(
int top,
int left ) : base( top, left ) { }
// implement the abstract method
public override void DrawWindow( )
{
Console.WriteLine( "Drawing a button at {}, {}\n",top, left );
}
} // end class Button
public class Tester
{
static void Main( )
{
Window[] winArray = new Window[];
winArray[] = new ListBox( , , "First List Box" );
winArray[] = new ListBox( , , "Second List Box" );
winArray[] = new Button( , );
for ( int i = ; i < ; i++ )
{
winArray[i].DrawWindow( );

116

 -
} // end for loop
} // end main
} // end class Tester

:
Writing string to the listbox: First List Box
Writing string to the listbox: Second List Box
Drawing a button at ,

,3-6 Window ..
1 2 :

;)"winArray[0] = new ListBox(12,"First List Box

;)winArray[0] = new Window(12

:
'Cannot create an instance of the abstract class or interface 'Window

ListBox Button override .

) ( .
, . virtual ,
,
override . override

.
1

-5-6

, .
. sealed
.
.
3-6 Window abstract sealed . .
, .
''ListBox' cannot inherit from sealed type 'Window

, sealed .

-6-6 )( Object
,#C Object Object . .
, .
. . C# , object .
Sealed

117

 #C

Object . override . )()Equals

( ) ()ToString ( .()Tostring
. 1-6 Object .
1-6

( )Equals

) (GetHashCode

hash
.

( )GetType

( )ToString

( )Finalize

.
.

4-6 Dog ()ToString Object override Dog .

4-6
;using System
public class Dog
{
;private int weight
// constructor
) public Dog( int weight
{
;this.weight = weight
}
// override Object.ToString
) (public override string ToString
{
;) (return weight.ToString
}
}
public class Tester
{
) (static void Main
{
;int i =
;) ) (Console.WriteLine( "The value of i is: {}", i.ToString
;) Dog milo = new Dog(
;)Console.WriteLine( "My dog Milo weighs {} pounds", milo
}
}
Output:
The value of i is:
My dog Milo weighs pounds

118

) ( Console . , ()ToString

()ToString

override

Dog

Console.WriteLine . ()Object.ToString :
;) (public virtual string ToString

public . )
(int Object Object .

: Object .

-7-6

is-a . , .

, . .
. .

#C .

public protected
.
.

base .
public, private protected .

virtual
override . override
. override
.

abstract . .
override .
.
sealed .
#C Object .

119

overload

out ref

get set

.
.
. . overload
. .
.
.
. 1 .

overload-1-7
.
. Time .
Time

Time overLoad . .

Information hiding

DateTime System Time .

Time

. .
overload .
. . .
.
.
;)MyMethod(int p
MyMethod(int p, int p); // different number
MyMethod(int p, string s); // different types
SomeMethod(int p); // different name

void
void
void
void

overload ()MyMethod .
. .
overload .
. 1-7 Time .
DateTime 6 .
1-7
;using System
namespace MethodOverloading
{
public class Time
{
// private member variables
;private int Year
;private int Month
;private int Date
;private int Hour
;private int Minute
;private int Second
// public accessor methods
) (public void DisplayCurrentTime
{
System.Console.WriteLine( "{}/{}/{} {}:{}:{}",Month, Date, Year, Hour,
;) Minute, Second
}
// constructors
) public Time( System.DateTime dt
{
;Year = dt.Year
;Month = dt.Month
;Date = dt.Day
;Hour = dt.Hour
;Minute = dt.Minute
;Second = dt.Second
}
) int Hour, int Minute, int Second
{
;this.Year = Year
;this.Month = Month
;this.Date = Date
;this.Hour = Hour
;this.Minute = Minute
;this.Second = Second

121

 #C
}
}
class Tester
{
) (public void Run
{
;System.DateTime currentTime = System.DateTime.Now
;) Time time = new Time( currentTime
;) (time.DisplayCurrentTime
;) Time time = new Time( , , , , ,
;) (time.DisplayCurrentTime
}
) (static void Main
{
;) (Tester t = new Tester
;) (t.Run
}
}
}

:
// ::
// ::

Time .

.
;System.DateTime currentTime = System.DateTime.Now
;)Time time = new Time(currentTime
)public Time(System.DateTime dt

2time 6 .
;)Time time = new Time(
)public Time(int Year, int Month, int Date, int Hour, int Minute, int Second

overload .
overload .
.

-2-7
private .
.
.
private .
. #C .

. . .
.

. Time Hour .
122

. Hour

Hour
.

2-7 .

. Hour
using System;
namespace Properties
{
public class Time
{
// private member variables
private int year;
private int month;
private int date;
private int hour;
private int minute;
private int second;
// create a property
public int Hour
{
get
{
return hour;
}
set
{
hour = value;
}
}
// public accessor methods
public void DisplayCurrentTime( )
{
System.Console.WriteLine("Time: {}/{}/{} {}:{}:{}",month, date, year, hour,
minute, second );
}
// constructors
public Time( System.DateTime dt )
{
year = dt.Year;
month = dt.Month;
date = dt.Day;
hour = dt.Hour;
minute = dt.Minute;
second = dt.Second;
}
}
class Tester
{
public void Run( )
{
System.DateTime currentTime = System.DateTime.Now;
Time t = new Time( currentTime );
t.DisplayCurrentTime( );
// access the hour to a local variable
int theHour = t.Hour;
// display it
System.Console.WriteLine( "Retrieved the hour: {}",theHour );
// increment it
theHour++;
// reassign the incremented value back through

123

 #C
// the property
;t.Hour = theHour
// display the property
;)System.Console.WriteLine( "Updated the hour: {}", t.Hour
}
][STAThread
) (static void Main
{
;) (Tester t = new Tester
;) (t.Run
}
}
}

:
Time : // ::
Retrieved the hour:
Updated the hour:
}{ . set

get . .
.
set value
.

.
2-7 Hour get set .
{
get
{
;return hour
}
set
{
;hour = value
}
}

.
.
;private int hour

-1-2-7 get
get . 2-7 Hour

int . hour .
get
{
;return hour
}

Accessor

124

 -
get . Hour
Time . theHour Hour

t .
;)Time t = new Time(currentTime
;int theHour = t.Hour

-2-2-7 set
set . set value
. .
set
{
;hour = value
}

. set
.
set .
;theHour++
;t.Hour = theHour

theHour . Hour t .
theHour value set hour

set .
get .

-3-7
. Time .
()GetTime .
. ()GetTime
. 3-7 .
3-7
;using System
namespace PassByRef
{
public class Time
{
// private member variables
;private int Year
;private int Month
;private int Date
;private int Hour
;private int Minute
;private int Second
// public accessor methods
)(public void DisplayCurrentTime

125

#C
{
System.Console.WriteLine( "{}/{}/{} {}:{}:{}",Month, Date, Year, Hour,
Minute, Second );
}
public void GetTime(int theHour,int theMinute,int theSecond )
{
theHour = Hour;
theMinute = Minute;
theSecond = Second;
}
// constructor
public Time( System.DateTime dt )
{
Year = dt.Year;
Month = dt.Month;
Date = dt.Day;
Hour = dt.Hour;
Minute = dt.Minute;
Second = dt.Second;
}
}
class Tester
{
public void Run()
{
System.DateTime currentTime = System.DateTime.Now;
Time t = new Time( currentTime );
t.DisplayCurrentTime();
int theHour = ;
int theMinute = ;
int theSecond = ;
t.GetTime( theHour, theMinute, theSecond );
System.Console.WriteLine( "Current time: {}:{}:{}",theHour, theMinute,
theSecond);
}
static void Main()
{
Tester t = new Tester();
t.Run();
}
}
}

:
// ::
Current time: ::

. . . 0:0:0
)( GetTime )( GetTime
.

-1-3-7
.

)( GetTime )( Run .
.

126

.
. .
.)( Run )( GetTime
)( GetTime . 3-7
. ref
public void GetTime(ref int theHour,ref int theMinute,ref int theSecond )
{
theHour = Hour;
theMinute = Minute;
theSecond = Second;
}

.)( GetTime
t.GetTime(ref theHour, ref theMinute, ref theSecond);

. ref int int

. 4-7
4-7
using System;
namespace PassByRef
{
public class Time
{
// private member variables
private int Year;
private int Month;
private int Date;
private int Hour;
private int Minute;
private int Second;
// public accessor methods
public void DisplayCurrentTime()
{
System.Console.WriteLine( "{}/{}/{} {}:{}:{}",Month, Date, Year, Hour,
Minute, Second );
}
// takes references to ints
public void GetTime(int theHour,int theMinute,int theSecond )
{
theHour = Hour;
theMinute = Minute;
theSecond = Second;
}
// constructor
public Time( System.DateTime dt )
{
Year = dt.Year;
Month = dt.Month;
Date = dt.Day;
Hour = dt.Hour;
Minute = dt.Minute;
Second = dt.Second;
}
}
class Tester
{
public void Run()

127

 #C
{
;System.DateTime currentTime = System.DateTime.Now
;) Time t = new Time( currentTime
;)(t.DisplayCurrentTime
;int theHour =
;int theMinute =
;int theSecond =
// pass the ints by reference
;) t.GetTime( ref theHour, ref theMinute, ref theSecond
System.Console.WriteLine( "Current time: {}:{}:{}",theHour, theMinute,
;) theSecond
}
)(static void Main
{
;)(Tester t = new Tester
;)(t.Run
}
}
}

:
// ::
Current time: ::

.
ref .
ref .

-2-3-7 out

#C . 4-7

()GetTime .
;int theHour =
;int theMinute =
;int theSecond =
;)t.GetTime( ref theHour, ref theMinute, ref theSecond

()GetTime
. .
'Use of unassigned local variable 'theHour
'Use of unassigned local variable 'theMinute
'Use of unassigned local variable 'theSecond

#C out . #C
. ()GetMethod .
. out
. out .
()GetTime .
) public void GetTime(out int theHour,out int theMinute,out int theSecond
{
;theHour = Hour
;theMinute = Minute
Definite assignment

128

 -
;theSecond = Second
}

()Main .
;int theHour
;int theMinute
;int theSecond
;)t.GetTime( out theHour, out theMinute, out theSecond

out ref out

.

-4-7

overload .

get set . set

value .

. ref out .

out .

129

Array

foreach

. #C
#C .
FCL.
.

-1-8
1 #C . .
) .(1-8
. . .
1-8

.
.

Indexed

-1-1-8
#C .
;type[] array-name

:
;int[] myIntArray

. .
][ .
myIntArray . new .
:
;]myIntArray = new int[

5 .
myIntArray.

5 .
#C Heap . myIntArray
Heap . .
.
.
Heap .

-2-1-8
.
:
;]myIntArray = new int[

5 . .
.
null .
.
Button . Button .
;Button[] myButtonArray

.
;]myButtonArray = new Button[

;]Button[] myButtonArray = new Button[

Button myButtonArray
null . Button .
131

#C

-3-1-8
. .
1Length- 0 . Length
.
Employees Tester . 1-8
.
1-8
using System;
namespace Learning_CSharp
{
// a simple class to store in the array
public class Employee
{
public Employee(int empID)
{
this.empID = empID;
}
public override string ToString( )
{
return empID.ToString( );
}
private int empID;
}
public class Tester
{
static void Main( )
{
int[] intArray;
Employee[] empArray;
intArray = new int[];
empArray = new Employee[];
// populate the arrays
for (int i = ;i<intArray.Length;i++)
{
intArray[i] = i*;
}
for (int i = ;i<empArray.Length;i++)
{
empArray[i] = new Employee(i+);
}
// output array values
Console.WriteLine("intArray values:");
for (int i = ;i<intArray.Length;i++)
{
Console.WriteLine(intArray[i].ToString( ));
}
Console.WriteLine("\nemployee IDs:");
for (int i = ;i<empArray.Length;i++)
{
Console.WriteLine(empArray[i].ToString( ));
}
}
}
}

:
intArray values:

132

employee IDs:

Employee .
Employee ()ToString ID Employee .
()Main . .
for . i .1
intArray .
;intArray[i] = i*

i [ [0intArray 2*0 i
2*1 ... i intArray.Lenght .
i 1intArray.Length-.
Employee
null . Employee
. .

-2-8 foreach
foreach . foreach
.
foreach (type identifier in expression) statement

1-8 for foreach . 2-8

.
2-8
) intArray
;) ) (i.ToString
) e in empArray
;) ) (e.ToString

foreach ( int i in
{
(Console.WriteLine
}
foreach ( Employee
{
(Console.WriteLine
}

Iterate

133

 #C

-3-8
} { #C .
.
int[] myIntArray = new int[] { , , , , };//
int[] myIntArray = { , , , , };//

#C } { .
. .

-4-8 params
params .
.
()DisplayVals .
)public void DisplayVals(params int[] intVals

.
)foreach (int i in intVals
{
;)Console.WriteLine("DisplayVals {}",i
}

. DisplayVals
.
;)t.DisplayVals(

.
;}int [] explicitArray = new int[] {
;)t.DisplayVals(explicitArray

params .
3-8 params .
3-8
;using System
namespace UsingParams
{
public class Tester
{
) (static void Main
{
;) (Tester t = new Tester
;)t.DisplayVals(
;}int [] explicitArray = new int[] {
;)t.DisplayVals(explicitArray
}
)public void DisplayVals(params int[] intVals
{

134

 -
)foreach (int i in intVals
{
;)Console.WriteLine("DisplayVals {}",i
}
}
}
}

.
displayvals 5
displayvals 6
displayvals 7
displayvals 8
displayvals 1
displayvals 2
displayvals 3
displayvals 4
displayvals 5

-5-8
. 10
. .
. 2-8 .
2-8

. 4 .

-1-5-8
.
. .
type [,] array-name

: myRectangularArray
:
;]int [,] myRectangularArray = new int[

4-8 . .
for .
135

#C

4-8
using System;
namespace RectangularArray
{
public class Tester
{
static void Main( )
{
const int rows = ;
const int columns = ;
// declare a x integer array
int[,] rectangularArray = new int[rows, columns];
// populate the array
for ( int i = ; i < rows; i++ )
{
for ( int j = ; j < columns; j++ )
{
rectangularArray[i, j] = i + j;
}
}
// report the contents of the array
for ( int i = ; i < rows; i++ )
{
for ( int j = ; j < columns; j++ )
{
Console.WriteLine( "rectangularArray[{},{}] = {}",i, j,
rectangularArray[i, j] );
}
}
}
}
}

:
rectangularArray[]
rectangularArray[]
rectangularArray[]
rectangularArray[]
rectangularArray[]
rectangularArray[]
rectangularArray[]
rectangularArray[]
rectangularArray[]
rectangularArray[]
rectangularArray[]
rectangularArray[]

=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=

[ , ] int
[new int [row,cols rectangularArray .
. .
.( )
.

[rectangularArray[ [rectangularArray[

.[ rectangularArray[ [ rectangularArray[
.
. 5-8 .
5-8
136

 -
;using System
namespace InitializingMultiDimensionalArray
{
public class Tester
{
) (static void Main
{
;const int rows =
;const int columns =
// imply a x array
= int[,] rectangularArray
{
}{}, {}, {}, {
;}
) for ( int i = ; i < rows; i++
{
) for ( int j = ; j < columns; j++
{
Console.WriteLine( "rectangularArray[{},{}] = {}", i, j,
;) ]rectangularArray[i, j
}
}
}
}
}

=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=

]rectangularArray[
]rectangularArray[
]rectangularArray[
]rectangularArray[
]rectangularArray[
]rectangularArray[
]rectangularArray[
]rectangularArray[
]rectangularArray[
]rectangularArray[
]rectangularArray[
]rectangularArray[

4-8 .
= int[,] rectangularArrayrectangularArray
{
}{}, {}, {}, {
;}

4 }{ 4
. #C .
.
#C . 3*4
4*3 .

-2-5-8

. .
.

Jagged Arrays

137

#C

.
. .
.
] .
.[
type [] []...

. myJaggedArray
int [] [] myJaggedArray;

.[ 2][4myJaggedArray[
myJaggedArray 6-8
.
.
6-8
using System;
namespace JaggedArray
{
public class Tester
{
static void Main( )
{
const int rows = ;
// declare the jagged array as rows high
int[][] jaggedArray = new int[rows][];
// the first row has elements
jaggedArray[] = new int[];
// a row with elements
jaggedArray[] = new int[];
// a row with elements
jaggedArray[] = new int[];
// the last row has elements
jaggedArray[] = new int[];
// Fill some (but not all) elements of the rows
jaggedArray[][] = ;
jaggedArray[][] = ;
jaggedArray[][] = ;
jaggedArray[][] = ;
jaggedArray[][] = ;
jaggedArray[][] = ;
jaggedArray[][] = ;
jaggedArray[][] = ;
jaggedArray[][] = ;
for ( int i = ; i < ; i++ )
{
Console.WriteLine( "jaggedArray[][{}] = {}",i, jaggedArray[][i] );
}
for ( int i = ; i < ; i++ )
{
Console.WriteLine( "jaggedArray[][{}] = {}",i, jaggedArray[][i] );
}
for ( int i = ; i < ; i++ )
{
Console.WriteLine( "jaggedArray[][{}] = {}",i, jaggedArray[][i] );
}

138

 -
) for ( int i = ; i < ; i++
{
;) ]Console.WriteLine( "jaggedArray[][{}] = {}",i, jaggedArray[][i
}
}
}
}

=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=

]jaggedArray[][
]jaggedArray[][
]jaggedArray[][
]jaggedArray[][
]jaggedArray[][
]jaggedArray[][
]jaggedArray[][
]jaggedArray[][
]jaggedArray[][
]jaggedArray[][
]jaggedArray[][
]jaggedArray[][
]jaggedArray[][
]jaggedArray[][
]jaggedArray[][

4 .
;][]int[][] jaggedArray = new int[rows

. .
.
// the first row has elements
;]jaggedArray[] = new int[
// a row with elements
;]jaggedArray[] = new int[
// a row with elements
;]jaggedArray[] = new int[
// the last row has elements
;]jaggedArray[] = new int[

.
. for
Length .
) for (int i = ; i < jaggedArray.Length; i++
{
)for (int j = ; j < jaggedArray[i].Length; j++
{
;)]Console.WriteLine("jaggedArray[{}][{}] = {}",i, j, jaggedArray[i][j
}
}

.
Length . .
[rectangularArray[i,j
[jaggedArray[i][j .

139

 #C

-6-8
. System.Array .
#C 1-8 .
1-8

()BinarySearch

overload
.

( )Clean

null

( )Copy

()CreateInstance

( )IndexOf

( )LastIndexOf

( )Reverse

( )Sort

Length

( )GetEnumerator

IEnumerater

-7-8
1-8 ()Reverse : . ()Sort
. ()Reverse ()Sort
. #C string int ... .
()Sort IComparable . 7-8
string .
7-8
;using System

namespace ArraySortAndReverse
{
public class Tester
{
) public static void PrintMyArray( string[] theArray
{
) foreach ( string str in theArray
{
;) Console.WriteLine( "Value: {}", str
}
;) "Console.WriteLine( "\n
}
) (static void Main

140

 -
{
= String[] myArray
{
""Proust", "Faulkner", "Mann", "Hugo
;}
;) PrintMyArray( myArray
;) Array.Reverse( myArray
;) PrintMyArray( myArray
= String[] myOtherArray
{
"We", "Hold", "These", "Truths",
"To", "Be", "Self","Evident",
;}
;) PrintMyArray( myOtherArray
;) Array.Sort( myOtherArray
;) PrintMyArray( myOtherArray
}
}
}

:
Faulkner
Hugo
Mann
Proust
Hold
Truths
Be
Evident
Evident
Self
To
We

Value:
Value:
Value:
Value:
Value:
Value:
Value:
Value:
Value:
Value:
Value:
Value:

Proust
Mann
Hugo
Faulkner
We
These
To
Self
Be
Hold
These
Truths

Value:
Value:
Value:
Value:
Value:
Value:
Value:
Value:
Value:
Value:
Value:
Value:

) . (
.
""Proust", "Faulkner", "Mann", "Hugo

()Array.Reverse . .
myOtherArray .
"We", "Hold", "These", "Truths",
"To", "Be", "Self", "Evident",

()Array.Sort .

-8-8

] [ .
new .

1Length-.

for ) ( .

141

 #C

foreach .

} { .

params .
.

.
.

Length .

142

1 . .
.
. .
.
.

#C
.

++C : #C ++C . ++C

. private public .
#C . #C .
. .
.
. .

Struct

09177112161 - - C#

-1-9
.
[attributes] [access-modifiers] struct identifier [:interface-list]
members }

{ struct-

. Loaction . 1-9
struct class Location

Location .
. Location x,y . yVal xVal
1-9
#region Using directives
using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Text;
#endregion
namespace CreatingAStruct
{
public struct Location
{
private int xVal;
private int yVal;
public Location( int xCoordinate, int yCoordinate )
{
xVal = xCoordinate;
yVal = yCoordinate;
}
public int x
{
get
{
return xVal;
}
set
{
xVal = value;
}
}
public int y
{
get
{
return yVal;
}
set
{
yVal = value;
}
}
public override string ToString( )
{
return ( String.Format( "{}, {}", xVal, yVal ) );
}
}
public class Tester

144

;) {}", loc

;)
;) {}", loc
;) {}", loc

{
) public void myFunc( Location loc
{
;loc.x =
;loc.y =
Console.WriteLine( "In MyFunc loc:
}
) (static void Main
{
Location loc = new Location( ,
Console.WriteLine( "Loc location:
;) (Tester t = new Tester
;) t.myFunc( loc
Console.WriteLine( "Loc location:
}
}
}
Output:
Loc location: ,
In MyFunc loc: ,
Loc location: ,

. Object
. .
. .

.
. .
CLR .
CLR .

. .
;private int xVal =
;private int yVal =

. private
. .
public .
.
2005VS public public private .
Refactor Encapsulate Field VS . public
private get set .

-2-9
new .
1-9 Tester Location :
;)Location loc = new Location(

145

 - C# 09177112161 -

locl 200 300 .

-1-2-9
Tester 1-8 Location . locl 200 300 .
Location .
;)Location loc = new Location(

()WriteLine .
;)Console.WriteLine("Loc location: {}", loc

) ( WritLine . Location ) ( .
( )WriteLine . ()ToString
Object .
override.
Loc location: ,

: ToString override
.
;))(Console.WriteLine("Loc location: {}",loc.ToString

.
locl ()myFunc .
;)t.myFunc(loc

()myFunc y,x :
Loc location: ,

) (Main ) ( WritLine .
Location: 200, 300

Locl

()myFunc . class
:
public class Location

. :
Loc location: ,
In MyFunc loc: ,
Loc location: ,

Location . ()myFunc ()Main

.

-2-2-9 new
locl ) ( Stack . 1-9 new

.
146

-
Location loc = new Location();

. Location new . Location

#C . new
. 2-8 .
2-8
#region Using directives
using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Text;
#endregion
namespace StructWithoutNew
{
public struct Location
{
public int xVal;
public int yVal;
public Location( int xCoordinate, int yCoordinate )
{
xVal = xCoordinate;
yVal = yCoordinate;
}
public int x
{
get
{
return xVal;
}
set
{
xVal = value;
}
}
public int y
{
get
{
return yVal;
}
set
{
yVal = value;
}
}
public override string ToString( )
{
return ( String.Format( "{}, {}", xVal, yVal ) );
}
}
public class Tester
{
static void Main( )
{
Location loc; // no call to the constructor
loc.xVal = ; // initialize the members
loc.yVal = ;
Console.WriteLine( loc );
}
}
}

147

 - C# 09177112161 -

2-8 locl ()WriteLine

.
;loc.xVal =
;loc.yVal =

.
)(static void Main
{
;Location loc
;loc.xVal =
;// loc.yVal =
;)Console.WriteLine(loc
}

.
'Use of unassigned local variable 'loc

y,x .
)(static void Main
{
;Location loc
loc.xVal = ; // assign member variable
loc.yVal = ; // assign member variable
loc.x = ; // use property
loc.y = ; // use property
;)Console.WriteLine(loc
}

. .

.

-3-9

#C .
.
new .
.
public public .
private) . (Refactor Encapsulate Field
.
.
Object override.
.
.

148

) (..

.
. NET. .
1 System.Collections .
1-10

object .
object . ) int (
) object ( . int
) 1-10(.

Collection

 - C# 09177112161 -

object .
) ( .
) ( .
2-10 .
2-10

object .

. 4 .
NET. .

-1-10 ArrayList
ArrayList .
.

. .

. .

ArrayList .

Remove ArrayList ArrayList .

.

: Remove foreach ArrayList .

Add ArrayList .
ArrayList .

150

-
ArrayList . ArrayList Insert

.
. ArrayList 1-10
1-10
using System;
using System.Collections;
...
ArrayList numbers = new ArrayList();
...
// fill the ArrayList
foreach (int number in new int[12]{10,9,8,7,7,6,5,10,4,3,2,1})
{
numbers.Add(number);
}
...
// remove first element whose value is 7 (the 4th element, index 3)
numbers.Remove(7);
// remove the element that's now the 7th element, index 6 (10)
numbers.RemoveAt(6);
...
// iterate remaining 10 elements using a for statement
for (int i = 0; i != numbers.Count; i++)
{
int number = (int)numbers[i]; // Notice the cast
Console.WriteLine(number);
}
...
// iterate remaining 10 using a foreach statement
foreach (int number in numbers) // No cast needed
{
Console.WriteLine(number);
}

. Count :
. Length

Queue -2-10
. ( - ) FIFO Queue
. 2-10 .(Dequeue)( Enqueue )
2-10
using System;
using System.Collections;
...
Queue numbers = new Queue();
...
// fill the queue
foreach (int number in new int[4]{9, 3, 7, 2})
{
numbers.Enqueue(number);
Console.WriteLine(number + " has joined the queue");
}
...

151

09177112161 - - C#
// iterate through the queue
foreach (int number in numbers)
{
Console.WriteLine(number);
}
...
// empty the queue
while (numbers.Count != 0)
{
int number = (int)numbers.Dequeue();
Console.WriteLine(number + " has left the queue");
}

Stack -3-10
. ( -) LIFO Stack
.(Pop ( ) Push )
. .
. 3-10 .
3-10
using System;
using System.Collections;
...
Stack numbers = new Stack();
...
// fill the stack
foreach (int number in new int[4]{9, 3, 7, 2})
{
numbers.Push(number);
Console.WriteLine(number + " has been pushed on the stack");
}
...
// iterate through the stack
foreach (int number in numbers)
{
Console.WriteLine(number);
}
...
// empty the stack
while (numbers.Count != 0)
{
int number = (int)numbers.Pop();
Console.WriteLine(number + "has been popped off the stack");
}

HashTable -4-10
. ArrayList
.

152

. 1 . HashTable
object .
. / Hash
.
HashTable :

HashTable . Add
. ][
/ .
ContainKey HashTable .

foreach HashTable
DictionaryEntry . DictionaryEntry
Key Value .

4-10 .
4-10
;using System
;using System.Collections
...
;)(Hashtable ages = new Hashtable
...
// fill the SortedList
;ages["John"] = 41
;ages["Diana"] = 42
;ages["James"] = 13
;ages["Francesca"] = 11
...
// iterate using a foreach statement
// the iterator generates a DictionaryEntry object containing a key/value pair
)foreach (DictionaryEntry element in ages
{
;string name = (string)element.Key
;int age = (int)element.Value
;)Console.WriteLine("Name: {0}, Age: {1}", name, age
}

:
James, Age: 13
John, Age: 41
Francesca, Age: 11
Diana, Age: 42

Name:
Name:
Name:
Name:

-5-10 SortedList
SortedList HashTable . .
. / SortedList

Associative

153

 - C# 09177112161 -

. SortedList )
( . / SortedList
.
HashTable SortedList . foreach

SortedList DictionaryEntry .
DictionaryEntry Key .
5-10 .
HashTable SortedList .
5-10
;using System
;using System.Collections
...
;)(SortedList ages = new SortedList
...
// fill the SortedList
;ages["John"] = 3V
;ages["Diana"] = 40
;ages["James"] = 12
;ages["Francesca"] = 10
...
// iterate using a foreach statement
// the iterator generates a DictionaryEntry object containing a key/value pair
)foreach (DictionaryEntry element in ages
{
;string name = (string)element.Key
;int age = (int)element.Value
;)Console.WriteLine("Name: {0}, Age: {1}", name, age
}

.
Diana, Age: 40
Francesca, Age: 10
James, Age: 12
John, Age: 39

Name:
Name:
Name:
Name:

-6-10 BitArray
BitArray . 1 0 1 true 0 false

. . 1-10
BitArray .

1-10 BitArray

overload .
overLoad .

(BitArray(bool[] bits
(BitArray(int[] bits
(BitArray(int count,bool default

154

:And And

(BitArray And(BitArray value

BitArray BitArray
.
:Get BitArray .

(Bool Get(int index

:IsReadOnly true

virtual bool IsReadOnly

}{;get

false .
:Item
.

[virtual object this [int index

}
;get; set
{

:Length
.

} public int length

;get;set
{

:Not 1 .

()BitArray Not

BitArray .
:Or or BitArray

(BitArray Or(BitArray value

. BitArray .
(void Set(int index, bool value

:Set .
:SetAll true false

(Void SetAll(bool value

.
:Xor BitArray xor

(BitArray Xor(BitArray value

.
()GetEnumerator .

IEnumerable

()Clone .

IClonable

)( IsSysnchronized Count CopyTo

ICollection

SyncRoot .

6-10 BitArray . Employee BitArray

) .(.... true false

. Employee
.
6-10
;using System

155

09177112161 - - C#
using System.Collections;
namespace
Arshia.CsharpBook{
public
class
Starter{
public static void Main(){
Employee ben=new Employee();
ben.InProfitSharing=false;
ben.InHealthPlan=false;
Employee Valerie=new Employee();
Valerie.InProfitSharing=false;
Participation("Ben",ben);
Participation("Valerie",Valerie);
}
public static void participation(string name, Employee person)
{
Console.WriteLine(name+":");
if (person.InProfitSharing)
{
Console.WriteLine("participating in "+ "Profit Sharing");
}
if (person.InHealthPlan)
{
Console.WriteLine("participating in "+"Health Plan");
If (person.InCreditUnion)
{
Console.WriteLine("participating in " + "Credit Union");
}
}
}
public class Employee
{
public Employee()
{
eFlags.SetAll(true);
}
private BitArray eFlags=new BitArra(3);
public bool InProfitSharing
{
set
{
eFlags.Set(0,value);
}
get
{
return eFlags.Get(0);
}
public bool InHealthPlan
{
set
{
eFlags.Set(1,value);
}
get{
return eFlags.Get(1);
}
public bool InCreditUnion
{
set
{
eFlags.Set(2,value);
}
get
{

156

 -
;)return eFlags.Get(2
}
}
}
}

-7-10
.

.
object .

.
.

/ . .
. ReadOnly .

-8-10
.
.
ArrayList . . 52
13 .
.
.
.

-9-10

object .

FCL .

.
.

157

generic
:

generic

generic

generic

generic FCL

generic1 NET 2,0.generic.

2 .
generic
generic . 3 ++C
.

-1-11 generic
generic generic .
generic
.
>public class MyGeneric <T
;{ private T member
)Public void Method (T obj
{

}
}

object generic . generic

.
Generic

Helper

Template

generic
. Stack generic .
public class Stack<T>
{
T[] m_Items;
public void Push(T item)
{...}
public T Pop( )
{...}
}
Stack<int> stack = new Stack<int>( );
stack.Push();
stack.Push();
int number = stack.Pop( );

. Stack generic 1-11

1-11
public class Stack<T>
{
const int DefaultSize = ;
readonly int m_Size;
int m_StackPointer = ;
T[] m_Items;
public Stack( ) : this(DefaultSize)
{}
public Stack(int size)
{
m_Size = size;
m_Items = new T[m_Size];
}
public void Push(T item)
{
if(m_StackPointer >= m_Size)
{
throw new StackOverflowException( );
}
m_Items[m_StackPointer] = item;
m_StackPointer++;
}
public T Pop( )
{
m_StackPointer--;
if(m_StackPointer >= )
{
return m_Items[m_StackPointer];
}
else
{
m_StackPointer = ;
throw new InvalidOperationException("Cannot pop an empty stack");
}
}
}

. generic T Stack
public class Stack<T>
{...}

generic T Stack generic

. generic .
159

 #C
;) (>Stack<int> stack = new Stack<int

. ) ( T
T .

T : generic . <Stack<T generic.

.

-2-11 generic
generic #C ++C .
. generic C++ #C
. ++C
. ) (inline
generic .

++C . .
generic 2,0NET . CLR IL . #C
IL . IL
. generic generic .
.
generic generic
.. generic
generic .
IDE .
NET. IL generic .
.
JIT generic
IL . generic
JIT
.
JIT generic object
IL . .
JIT . Heap
.

Linker

160

1 generic-3-11
2,0CLR

CLR IL generic

. 1-11 generic 2005VB . generic

Dim stack As Stack(Of Integer)
stack = new Stack(Of Integer)
stack.Push()
Dim number As Integer
number = stack.Pop( )

. Point generic . generic

public struct Point<T>
{
public T X;
public T Y;
}

. int Point generic

Point<int> point;
point.X = ;
point.Y = ;

:
Point<double> point;
point.X = ;
point.Y = ;

generic -4-11
generic . generic
. 2-11
2-11
class Node<K,T>
{
public K Key;
public T Item;
public Node<K,T> NextNode;
public Node( )
{
Key = default(K);
Item = default(T);
NextNode = null;
}
public Node(K key,T item,Node<K,T> nextNode)
{
Key = key;
Item = item;
NextNode = nextNode;
}
}
public class LinkedList<K,T>
{
Node<K,T> m_Head;
public LinkedList( )

Apply

161

 #C
{
;) (>m_Head = new Node<K,T
}
)public void AddHead(K key,T item
{
;)Node<K,T> newNode = new Node<K,T>(key,item,m_Head.NextNode
;m_Head.NextNode = newNode
}
}

.
>class Node<K,T
}{...

) (generic K ) (generic T .
. generic K T .
>public class LinkedList<K,T
}{...

generic ()AddHead .
;)public void AddHead(K key,T item

generic .
generic .
m_Head <Node<K,T m_Head .
generic K T .
;Node<K,T> m_Head

. generic
.
)public void AddHead(K key,T item
{
;)Node<K,T> newNode = new Node<K,T>(key,item,m_Head.NextNode
;m_Head.NextNode = newNode
}

generic
:
>public class LinkedList<U,V
}{...

>public class LinkedList<KeyType,DataType

}{...

m_Head :
;Node<KeyType,DataType> m_Head

.
int string .
;) (>LinkedList<int,string> list = new LinkedList<int,string
;)"list.AddHead(,"AAA

:
162

 -
;) (>LinkedList<DateTime,string> list = new LinkedList<DateTime,string
;)"list.AddHead(DateTime.Now,"AAA

-5-11 generic
generic #C generic IL
. generic generic

.
. #C
generic . :

generic
.

generic .

generic .

generic IDE
generic ) . (

: generic
.
object generic .
generic .
.
.
.
2-11 .
>public class LinkedList<K,T
{
)T Find(K key
}{...
]public T this[K key
{
get
{
;)return Find(key
}
}
}

:
163

 #C
;) (>LinkedList<int,string> list = new LinkedList<int,string
;)"list.AddHead(,"AAA
;)"list.AddHead(,"BBB
;]string item = list[
;)"Debug.Assert(item == "BBB

. ()Find :
)T Find(K key
{
;Node<K,T> current = m_Head
)while(current.NextNode != null
{
if(current.Key == key) //Will not compile
{
;break
}
else
{
;current = current.NextNode
}
}
;return current.Item
}

:
)if(current.Key == key

K == . .
== IComparable .
public interface IComparable
{
;)int CompareTo(object obj
}

. ()Find
.
)if(current.Key.CompareTo(key) ==

K IComparable
.
. .
)if(((IComparable)(current.Key)).CompareTo(key) ==

IComparable .

.

-1-5-11
2,0C# where . where
generic : .
()Find LinkedList .
public class LinkedList<K,T> where K : IComparable

164

 -
{
)T Find(K key
{
;Node<K,T> current = m_Head
)while(current.NextNode != null
{
)if(current.Key.CompareTo(key) ==
{
;break
}
else
{
;current = current.NextNode
}
}
;return current.Item
}
//Rest of the implementation
}

IComparable

.
<IComparable<T .

System

generic

>public interface IComparable<T

{
;)int CompareTo(T other
}

<IComparable<T .
.
>public class LinkedList<K,T> where K : IComparable<K
}{...

1,1NET . IComparable 2,0NET .

<IComparable<T . ) (... string int
. <IComparable<T NET.
<generic IEquatable<T .
>public interface IEquatable<T
{
;)bool Equals(T other
}

2,0C# generic . LinkedList

<IComparable<T where .
>public class LinkedList<K,T> : IEnumerable<T> where K : IComparable<K
}{...

LinkedList 1 .
<IComparable<T
.
generic .:
public class LinkedList<K,T> where K : IComparable<K>,IConvertible
}{...
Concrete

165

 #C

generic .
>public class LinkedList<K,T> where K : IComparable<K
where T : ICloneable
}{...

-2-5-11
generic generic .
.
. #C generic
public . ()new .
<generic Node<K,T 2-11 .
) (class Node<K,T> where K : new
) (where T : new
{
;public K Key
;public T Item
;public Node<K,T> NextNode
) (public Node
{
;) (Key = new K
;) (Item = new T
;NextNode = null
}
//Rest of the implementation

. .
) (public class LinkedList<K,T> where K : IComparable<K>,new( )where T : new
}{...

-3-5-11 /
generic ) bool int
(...
public class MyClass<T> where T : struct
}{...

generic :
public class MyClass<T> where T : class
}{...

struct/class
. struct
. .
struct/class struct/class
.

-6-11 generic FCL

System.Collections.Generic generic .
generic .
166

-1-6-11 generic
generic .NET .
:

<ICollection<T

Add(),

,()Clear
Contains(),
CopyTo(),
)(Remove
Count,IsReadOn
ly

<ICollection<T
.
. <generic ICollection<T
IEnumerable .
IEnumerable <ICollection<T
.

<IList<T

Insert(),Remov
eAt(),
IndexOf() Item

<IEnumerable<T

)GetEnumerator
(

<IEnumerator<T

Current

IDictionary

><TKey, TValue

Add(),Contains
)(Key(),Remove
)(,TryGetValue
, Item,Keys,
Values

<IComparer<T

()Compare

<IComparer<T

<IList<T
.
. <ICollection<T IEnumerable
.
foreach
. ()GetEnumerator
<IEnumerator<T .
foreach
. <Ienumerator<T
. <IEnumerator<T
IEnumerator IDisposable .

generic

IEnumerator

)( Reset MoveNext <IEnumerator<T .

Current .
<IDictionary<K,V

()Compare .

generic .

<List<T

<IList<T> ICollection<T

<IEnumerable<T

ArrayList . <List<T

List<T

<generic

.

.

167

 #C
Dictionary<TKey
<, TValue

<IDictionary<TKey,TValue

ICollection<KeyValuePair

><<TKey, TValue
IEnumerable<KeyValuePair
<TKey,TValue>>ISerializable
IDeserializationCallback

SortedList<TKey
<, TValue

<IDictionary<TKey,TValue

<Dictionary <Tkey,Tvalue

ICollection<KeyValuePair

><<TKey, TValue
IEnumerable<KeyValuePair

><<TKey, TValue
<LinkedList<T

<ICollection<T

<LinkedList<T

<IEnumerable<T

ISerializable
IDeserializationCallback

<Queue<T

<ICollection<T

<Queue<T FIFO .

<IEnumerable<T

. ()Enqueue
()Dequeue
. ()Peek
.

<Stack<T

<ICollection<T

<Stack<T LIFO .

<IEnumerable<T

.
. ()Push
()Pop
. ()Peek
.

-2-6-11 IEnumerable

foreach <IEnumerable<T .
<generic IEnumerable<T ()GetEnumerator <IEnumerable<T
#C . yield )
3-11 (.
3-11
// for the generic classes

168

;using System
;using System.Collections.Generic
namespace Enumerable

-
{
public class ListBoxTest : IEnumerable<String>
{
private string[] strings;
private int ctr = ;
// Enumerable classes can return an enumerator
public IEnumerator<string> GetEnumerator( )
{
foreach ( string s in strings )
{
yield return s;
}
}
// required to fulfill IEnumerable
System.Collections.IEnumerator System.Collections.IEnumerable.GetEnumerator( )
{
throw new NotImplementedException( );
}
// initialize the list box with strings
public ListBoxTest( params string[] initialStrings )
{
// allocate space for the strings
strings = new String[];
// copy the strings passed in to the constructor
foreach ( string s in initialStrings )
{
strings[ctr++] = s;
}
}
// add a single string to the end of the list box
public void Add( string theString )
{
strings[ctr] = theString;
ctr++;
}
// allow array-like access
public string this[int index]
{
get
{
if ( index < || index >= strings.Length )
{
// handle bad index
}
return strings[index];
}
set
{
strings[index] = value;
}
}
// publish how many strings you hold
public int GetNumEntries( )
{
return ctr;
}
}
public class Tester
{
static void Main( )
{
// create a new list box and initialize
ListBoxTest lbt =
new ListBoxTest( "Hello", "World" );
// add a few strings

169

 #C
;) "lbt.Add( "Proust
;) "lbt.Add( "Faulkner
;) "lbt.Add( "Mann
;) "lbt.Add( "Hugo
// test the access
;"string subst = "Universe
;lbt[] = subst
// access all the strings
) foreach ( string s in lbt
{
) if ( s == null
{
;break
}
;) Console.WriteLine( "Value: {}", s
}
}
}
}

:
Hello
Universe
Proust
Faulkner
Mann
Hugo

Value:
Value:
Value:
Value:
Value:
Value:

()Main . ListBoxTest .
Strings 256 . foreach
<IEnumerable<T ()GetEnumerator .
IEnumerator string ()GetEnumerator .
)

(public IEnumerator<string> GetEnumerator

{
) foreach ( string s in strings
{
;yield return s
}

{
yield .
()generic GetEnumerator .

IEnumerable

generic . .

// required to fulfill IEnumerable

System.Collections.IEnumerator
(System.Collections.IEnumerable.GetEnumerator
{
;) (throw new NotImplementedException
}

-7-11

generic generic

generic
.
170

generic #C ++C .
.

generic #C generic
IL .

generic .
.

generic .

System.Collections.Generic generic .

#C yield .

171

:
. get . set . . - .

-1-12
.
. .
.

-1-1-12
.
32 . .
.
. .
32 .
: . 32
0 1 . 1 true 0 false

.
>> & 1 0 6 bits .
(bits & ( << )) !=

6 false true .
6 0 .
)bits &= ~( <<

6 1 .
)bits |= ( <<

:
.
.

-2-1-12
32 .
int 32 . bits
6 :
]bits[

true 6
bits[] = true

.
. .
bool . . IntBits

IntBits. IntBits
bool .

IntBit .
struct IntBits
{
)public IntBits(int initialBitValue
{
;bits = initialBitValue
}
// indexer to be written here
;private int bits
}
. IntBits

:
struct IntBits
{
...
] public bool this [ int index
{
get
{
;return (bits & ( << index)) !=
}
set
{
if (value) // Turn the bit on if value is true, otherwise turn it off

173

 #C
;)bits |= ( << index
else
;)bits &= ~( << index
}
}
...
}

:
.
] [ .
.
this .
this . overload .
set get . set get
..
. get set

:
.
IntBits ] [
.
;int adapted =
;)IntBits bits = new IntBits(adapted
bool peek = bits[]; // retrieve bool at index
bits[] = true; // set the bit at index to true
bits[] = false; // set the bit at index to false

: get set .
. static static

.
/ 1 . get,set .

;bits[] ^= true

;bits[] = bits[] ^ true

: get set .

-2-12
.
.
Combined

174

.
public int this [ string name ] { ... } // okay

: HashTable ) /(
Add .
;)(Hashtable ages = new Hashtable
;)ages.Add("John",

;)(Hashtable ages = new Hashtable

;ages["John"] =

OverLoad .
} public Name this [ PhoneNumber number ] { ...
} public PhoneNumber this [ Name name ] { ...

ref out .
IntBits bits; // bits contains an indexer
Method(ref bits[]); // compile-time error

-3-12
.
.
Data .
struct Wrapper
{
;int[] data
...
public int[] Data
{
} ;get { return this.data
} ;set { this.data = value
}
}

;)(Wrapper wrap = new Wrapper
...
;int[] myData = wrap.Data
;myData[]++
;myData[]++

:
struct Wrapper
{
;int[] data
...
]public int this [int i
{
get
{

175

 #C
;]return this.data[i
}
set
{
;this.data[i] = value
}
}
}

.
;)(Wrapper wrap = new Wrapper
...
;]int[] myData = new int[
;]myData[] = wrap[
;]myData[] = wrap[
;myData[]++
;myData[]++
myData Wrapper .

wrapper :
;wrap[]++

-4-12
. set,get .
set,get ; .
. :
interface IRawInt
{
} ;bool this [ int index ] { get; set
}
struct RawInt : IRawInt
{
...
] public bool this [ int index
{
} get { ...
} set { ...
}
...
}

.
get,set Override . :
class RawInt : IRawInt
{
...
] public virtual bool this [ int index
{
} get { ...
} set { ...
}
...
}

. :
struct RawInt : IRawInt
{
...
] bool IRawInt.this [ int index

176

 -
{
} get { ...
} set { ...
}
...
}

-5-12

. .

32 .

. .

.
. .

] [ .

/ .

. set,get .

set,get ; .

Combined

177

Overload

overload

#C

operator

Overload

Overload

#C #C
. .

int ... .
.
;)Fraction theSum = firstFraction.Add(secondFraction

.
.
;Fraction theSum = firstFraction + secondFraction

int .
.
.

 overload-

-1-13 operator
#C
.
overload . overload + :
)public static Fraction operator+(Fraction lhs, Fraction rhs

.
#C overload operator .
operator . overload + operator + .
:
;Fraction theSum = firstFraction + secondFraction

overload + firstFraction secondFraction

. :
firstFraction + secondFraction

.
)Fraction.operator+(firstFraction, secondFraction

Fraction Fraction theSum

.

: .

-2-13 NET.
#C CLS overload ) NET.
VB.NET ) overload .
. + overload ()Add
.

-3-13
Overload #C .
.
.
++ Employee
. overload
.

179

C#

- 09177112161 -

-4-13
Overload )==( #C .
overload )=!( overload . )<(
)>( )=<( )=>( overload.

-5-13
overload ()Equals object
override . NET.
. FCL overload .
. object ()Equals .
)public virtual bool Equals(object o

override Fraction .
()Equals Fraction .
)public override bool Equals(object o
{
) )if (! (o is Fraction
{
;return false
}
;return this == (Fraction) o
}

is . o is Fraction o
Fraction true false .

()GetHashCode override.

-6-13
#C int long long int .
int long int long .
) long (int .
;int myInt = 5
;myLong
myLong = myInt; // implicit
myInt = (int) myLong; // explicit

.
) .(1/15==15 .
4/9 2 .

implicit explicit .
1-13 Fraction .
()GetHashCode .
180

 overload-

1-13
public class Fraction
{
private int numerator;
private int denominator;
public Fraction(int numerator, int denominator)
{
Console.WriteLine("In Fraction Constructor(int, int)");
this.numerator=numerator;
this.denominator=denominator;
}
public Fraction(int wholeNumber)
{
Console.WriteLine("In Fraction Constructor(int)");
numerator = wholeNumber;
denominator = 1;
}
public static implicit operator Fraction(int theInt)
{
Console.WriteLine("In implicit conversion to Fraction");
return new Fraction(theInt);
}
public static explicit operator int(Fraction theFraction)
{
Console.WriteLine("In explicit conversion to int");
return theFraction.numerator /theFraction.denominator;
}
public static bool operator==(Fraction lhs, Fraction rhs)
{
Console.WriteLine("In operator ==");
if (lhs.denominator == rhs.denominator &&lhs.numerator == rhs.numerator)
{
return true;
}
// code here to handle unlike fractions
return false;
}
public static bool operator !=(Fraction lhs, Fraction rhs)
{
Console.WriteLine("In operator !=");
return !(lhs==rhs);
}
public override bool Equals(object o)
{
Console.WriteLine("In method Equals");
if (! (o is Fraction) )
{
return false;
}
return this == (Fraction) o;
}
public static Fraction operator+(Fraction lhs, Fraction rhs)
{
Console.WriteLine("In operator+");
if (lhs.denominator == rhs.denominator)
{
return new Fraction(lhs.numerator+rhs.numerator,lhs.denominator);
}
// simplistic solution for unlike fractions
// 1/2 + 3/4 == (1*4) + (3*2) / (2*4) == 10/8
int firstProduct = lhs.numerator * rhs.denominator;
int secondProduct = rhs.numerator * lhs.denominator;
return new Fraction(

181

C#

09177112161 -firstProduct + secondProduct,

lhs.denominator * rhs.denominator
;)
}
) (public override string ToString
{
;) (String s = numerator.ToString( ) + "/" +denominator.ToString
;return s
}
}
public class Tester
{
) (static void Main
{
;)Fraction f1 = new Fraction(34
;)) (Console.WriteLine("f1: {0}", f1.ToString
;)Fraction f2 = new Fraction(24
;)) (Console.WriteLine("f2: {0}", f2.ToString
;Fraction f3 = f1 + f2
;)) (Console.WriteLine("f1 + f2 = f3: {0}", f3.ToString
;Fraction f4 = f3 + 5
;)) (Console.WriteLine("f3 + 5 = f4: {0}", f4.ToString
;)Fraction f5 = new Fraction(24
)if (f5 == f2
{
;)) (Console.WriteLine("F5: {0} == F2: {1}",f5.ToString( ),f2.ToString
}
}
}

Fraction : .
. :
)public static implicit operator Fraction(int theInt
{
;)return new Fraction(theInt
}

implicit Fraction
.
.
Fraction :
)public static explicit operator int(Fraction theFraction
{
;return theFraction.numerator /theFraction.denominator
}

. 16/15 .
.
)==( )=!( .
.
Fraction . 4/3 :
8/6 . .
182

 overload-

Fraction ) ( .
. :
)public static Fraction operator+(Fraction lhs, Fraction rhs
{
)if (lhs.denominator == rhs.denominator
{
;)return new Fraction(lhs.numerator+rhs.numerator,lhs.denominator
}

) ( .
;int firstProduct = lhs.numerator * rhs.denominator
;int secondProduct = rhs.numerator * lhs.denominator
* return new Fraction(firstProduct + secondProduct,lhs.denominator
;)rhs.denominator

. 2/1 4/3 ) (1
) .(4 ) (3 ) (2
).(6 ) (10
) .(8 ) (10/8 .
()ToString override / .
)(public override string ToString
{
;) (String s = numerator.ToString() + "/" +denominator.ToString
;return s
}

Fraction . 4/3 4/2 .

;)Fraction f1 = new Fraction(34
;))(Console.WriteLine("f1: {0}", f1.ToString
;)Fraction f2 = new Fraction(24
;)) (Console.WriteLine("f2: {0}", f2.ToString

()WriteLine .
)In Fraction Constructor(int, int
f1: 3/4
)In Fraction Constructor(int, int
f2: 2/4

()Main + .
.
;Fraction f3 = f1 + f2
;))(Console.WriteLine("f1 + f2 = f3: {0}", f3.ToString

+ operator .
In operator+
)In Fraction Constructor(int, int
f1 + f2 = f3: 5/4

+ operator f3 .
()Main int Fraction 3f Fraction

4f .
;Fraction f4 = f3 + 5

183

C#

09177112161 -;))(Console.WriteLine("f3 + 5: {0}", f4.ToString

.
implicit conversion to Fraction
)Fraction Constructor(int
operator+
)Fraction Constructor(int, int
+ 5 = f4: 25/4

In
In
In
In
f3

5 Fraction .
Fraction 5/1 . 3f +
4f .
) (5f . 2f .
.
;)Fraction f5 = new Fraction(24
)if (f5 == f2
{
;)) (Console.WriteLine("F5: {0} == F2: {1}",f5.ToString( ),f2.ToString
}

5f . overload .
)In Fraction Constructor(int, int
== In operator
F5: 2/4 == F2: 2/4

-7-13
overload .
#C overload operator .
) NET. VB.NET ) overload .
+ overload ()Add .
Overload #C
.
overload ()Equals object
override .

implicit explicit .

184

:
.

:Form Control .
.

:Form Form
.

:MDI (1 (MDI .
.

NET. : : 2 3
.

: ToolTip Help HTML Help

.

: .

GUI )
( . .NET
.

System.Windows.Forms

Multiple Document Interface

MainMenu

Context Menu

C#

09177112161 -System.Web.UIWebControls

System.Web.UIMobileControls

.
.NET . .
GUI ) IDE ( VS .
.
VS.NET
. 1 2
.
GUI . Help Tab
. .

-1-14
. Form
System.Windows.Forms.Form .
()Application.Run .
.
.
Form .

-1-1-14
C # .
1-14 .
.
.
1-14
;using System
;using System.Windows.Forms
;using System.Drawing
class MyWinApp
{
)(static void Main
{
// () Create form and invoke it
;)(Form mainForm = new SimpleForm
;)Application.Run(mainForm
}
}
// User Form derived from base class Form

186

Scrollable

Transparent


class SimpleForm:Form
{
;private Button button
)(public SimpleForm
{
;"this.Text = "Hand Made Form
// () Create a button control and set some attributes
;)(button = new Button
;)button.Location = new Point(
;)button.Size = new Size(
;"button.Text= "Status
;)this.Controls.Add(button
// () Create delegate to call routine when click occurs
;)button.Click += new EventHandler(button_Click
}
)void button_Click(object sender, EventArgs e
{
;)"MessageBox.Show("Up and Running
}
}

winform.cs .
csc /t:winform.exe /r:System.Windows.Forms.dll winform.cs

winform . 1-14 .
.
. ) modal(
. (modeless )
.
1-14

.
-1
SimpleForm Form .
()Applicatian.Run .
-2
.
Controls Control.Collection
. Controls.Add . Remove
187

C#

- 09177112161 -

. IDE Add
. .
. Size Location .
.
button.Size = new Size(); // width, height
button.Location = new Point(); //x,y

-3

. -Click1button .
Click .
;)button.Click += new EventHandler(button_Click

EventHandler)C) # buttonl-Click .

.NET2
) ( . partial

class . .
.
.NET
#C .

-2-14 Windows.Forms
Windows.Forms.Form .
.
2-14

-1-2-14 Control
Form Control .
. .
Control .

188

System.Windows.Forms.DLL 50 .
Control . 1
. .
.

.

control
1-14 Control .
1-14

Size

Size .

Location

Point x y
.

Height,Width,
Right,Left,Top

int
Right=Left+WidthButtom=Top + Height

Bounds

.
=Button.Bounds
(New Rectangle (10105060

ClientRectangle
Anchor

.
.
.

Dock

Backcolor
Forecolor
BackGroundImage

.
.
Color .
.

Text

Font

. 2
.

Core

Bold

189

C#

- 09177112161 -

TabIndex

int Tab .

TabStop

Tab

Focused

Visible

MouseButtons

MousePosition

Point .
ModifierKeys

)(Shift,Alt,Ctrl

Cursor

)
( . Cursors

.
Hand .Cross UpArrow Default.
Beam .Arrow WaitCursor.
Handle

int Handle .

Focused

-2-2-14
VS.Net
.
) ( .
. IDE .
.

Size System.Drawing
.
)button.Size = new Size(); // (width, height
button.Size = button.Size; //Assign size to second button

Size .
Click .
)private void button_Click(object sender, System.EventArgs e
Focus

190


{
;)"MessageBox.Show("Up and Running
Button button = (Button) sender; //Cast object to Button
button.Size = new Size(); //Dynamically resize

System.Drawing.Point Location .
x ) y ( - . x
y .
button.Location = new Point(); // (x,y) coordinates

. GroupBox
GroupBox .Form Point .
Bounds .
;)button.Bounds = new Rectangle(,

Rectangle - - .

Dock .
None . . StatusStrip StatusBar Buttom ToolStrip
ToolBar Up . DockStyle Top
Right Left Buttom Fill . Fill
. TextBox .
;TextBox.Dock = DockStyle.Top

3-14 .
3-14

.
.

Form DockPadding
.
Anchor )
( . 4-14 .
6-14
191

C#

- 09177112161 -

.
PictureBox . Panel
Label
.
Anchor AnchorStyles .
) OR(1 .
;)btnPanel.Anchor = (AnchorStyles.Bottom | AnchorStyles.Left

Tab
Tab Tab .
.
Tab
. 5-14 . Tab
.
5-14

. Tab
. Tab .
Tab TabIndex .
TextBox.TabIndex = ; //First item in tab sequence

192

VS.NET Property Manager View TabOrder

. Tab . Tabstop False
. .
TabIndex .
Focus .
)if(textBox.CanFocus
} ;)({ textBox.Focus
}; ) ( textBox1.Focus

Controls .
.
1 . 5-14
.
int ctrlCt = this.Controls.Count; //
)foreach (Control ct in this.Controls
{
;)(object ob = ct.GetType
MessageBox.Show(ob.ToString()); //Displays type as string
;)MessageBox.Show(ct.Name

. TextBox
System.Forms.Form.TextBox .

. Controls.Count 10
8 . GroupBox .

HasChildren .

2-14 .
2-14
)void IterateThroughControls(Control parent
{
)foreach (Control c in parent.Controls
{
;))(MessageBox.Show(c.ToString
)if(c.HasChildren
{
;)IterateThroughControls(c
}
}

5-14 .
.
refresh

193

C#

- 09177112161 -

-3-2-14 Control

.
.
.
. 2-14
.
2-14

,Click
Doubleclick

Event Handler (Object sender,

(EventArgs e

,MouseEnter
,MouseLeave
,MouseOver
MouseWheel
MouseDown

)Mouse Event Hardler .

Mouse UP
MouseMove

,Keyup
KeyDoun

(Objectsender ,MouseEventArgs e

KeyEvent Hardler(Object sender,

( KeyEventArgs e

Keypress

)KeypressEventHardler
,Object sender
(KeypressEventArgs e

Click DoubleClick MouseHover
MouseEnter MouseLeave .
. Mouseover .
.
OnMouseEnter OnMouseLeave .
;)(TextBox userID = new TextBox
;)userID.MouseEnter += new EventHandler(OnMouseEnter
;)userID.MouseLeave += new EventHandler(OnMouseLeave
EventHandler sender Control

.
)private void OnMouseEnter(object sender, System.EventArgs e
{

194


;Control ctrl = (Control) sender
;ctrl.BackColor= Color.Bisque
}
)private void OnMouseLeave(object sender, System.EventArgs e
{
;Control ctrl = (Control) sender
;ctrl.BackColor= Color.White
}

override ) (Control .
OnEventName . .NET
.
Mouseup MouseDown MouseMove EventArgs
MouseEventArgs .
3-14 .
3-14

Button

.
MouseButtons .

Clicks

Delta

.
.

X,y

- .
MousePosition .

.
.
3-14
.
.
3-14
;using System
;using System.Windows.Forms
;using System.Drawing
class MyWinApp
{
)(static void Main
{
;)(Form mainForm = new DrawingForm
;)Application.Run(mainForm
}
}
// User Form derived from base class Form
class DrawingForm:Form
{
Point lastPoint = Point.Empty; // Save coordinates
public Pen myPen; //Defines color of line

195

C#

09177112161 -)(public DrawingForm

{
;"this.Text = "Drawing Pad
// reate delegates to call MouseUp and MouseDown
;)this.MouseDown += new MouseEventHandler(OnMouseDown
;)this.MouseUp += new MouseEventHandler(OnMouseUp
}
)private void OnMouseDown(object sender, MouseEventArgs e
{
myPen = (e.Button==MouseButtons.Right)? Pens.Red:
;Pens.Black
;lastPoint.X = e.X
;lastPoint.Y = e.Y
}
)private void OnMouseUp(object sender, MouseEventArgs e
{
// Create graphics object
;)(Graphics g = this.CreateGraphics
)if (lastPoint != Point.Empty
;)g.DrawLine(myPen, lastPoint.X,lastPoint.Y,e.X,e.Y
;lastPoint.X = e.X
;lastPoint.Y = e.Y
;)(g.Dispose
}
}

NET. . Graphics DrawLine

. Pen .
myPen )
( .
. MouseEventArgs .

.
. sender
. KeyPress KeyPressEventArgs .
Handled true
. KeyChar .
Keychar .
. Handled true
.
.
)private void OnKeyPress(object sender, KeyPressEventArgs e
{
;if (! char.IsDigit(e.KeyChar)) e.Handled = true
}
KeyPress . Alt Shift
. KeyDown KeyUp

. KeyEventsArgs
. 4-14 KeyErentsArgs
.
196

4-14

Alt-Control-Shift

Alt Control Shift

.

Handled

KeyCode

. Keys.

KeyData

. Keys
.

Modifiers

.
) shift ctrl (Alt

Control Alt Shift KeyCode Alt

Control Shift Keys.

KeyCode KeyData .
.
Keys . VS.NET

Keys
. 1D 2D .
KeyPress
. ) (Paste Ctrl+V .
KeyDown
KeyPress .
.
KeyDown Ctrl+V Paste true .
KeyPress .
;private bool paste
//Register event handlers for TextBox t.
//They should be registered in this order,
//because the last registered is the
//first executed
;)t.KeyPress += new KeyPressEventHandler(OnKeyPress
;)t.KeyDown += new KeyEventHandler(OnKeyDown
)private void OnKeyDown(object sender, KeyEventArgs e
{
)if (e.Modifiers == Keys.Control && e.KeyCode == Keys.V
{
paste=true; //Flag indicating paste attempt
string msg = string.Format("Modifier: {} \nKeyCode: {} \nKeyData: {}",
;))(e.Modifiers.ToString(),e.KeyCode.ToString(), e.KeyData.ToString
MessageBox.Show(msg); //Display property values

197

C#

09177112161 -}
)private void OnKeyPress(object sender, KeyPressEventArgs e
{
;if (paste==true) e.Handled = true
}

KeyEventArge Ctrl+V .
Modifier: Control
KeyCode: V
KeyData: Control, V

-3-14 Form
Form Control )ScrollableControl
( .
Modal . 5-14
.
5-14

FormBorderStyle .
FormBorderstyle .
FixedD None
FixedSingle Sizable
FixedDialog
ControlBox

close .

MaximizeBox
MinimizeBox
Opacity

.

. 1 . 95 98 .

TransparencyKey .

.
.

AutoScale

ClientSize

DesktopLocation Point
.
StartPosition

.
198

FormStartPosition.
:CenterParent .
:CenterScreen
:Manual DesktopLocation .
: WindowsDefaltLocaton .
MinimumSize
MaximumSize
ShowInTaskBar

Size .
)0 (0 .

. true.

TopLevel
TopMost

TopLevel
TopMost . TopLevel .
TopMost TopMost
.

WindowState

.
FormWindowStart.
Normal,Minimized,Maximized

Owner

OwnedForms

.
Form 1
.

1-3-14
6-14 .
Icon .ico . ControlBox
close . MaximizeBox
MinimizeBox .
6-14

.
modal .

Owned

199

C#

- 09177112161 -

1
opacity . 0 1 1
. 1
TopMost .
1 .
.
1 0/8 .
DeActivate Activated
. .
;)this.Deactivate += new System.EventHandler(Form_Deactivate
;)this.Activated += new System.EventHandler(Form_Activate

)void Form_Deactivate(object sender, EventArgs e
{
;this.Opacity= .
}
)void Form_Activate(object sender, EventArgs e
{
;this.Opacity=
}

. TransparencyKey
.
. .
.
. FormBorderStyle.None

.
.
7-14

Opacity

200

. TransparencyKey
.
. TransparencyKey
BackColor Panel 7-14
. . Color.Red
CustomForm myForm = new CustomForm();
myForm.TransparencyKey = Color.Red;
myForm.FormBorderStyle= FormBorderStyle.None;
myForm.Show();

.
.
PictureBox
. MouseMoveMousUp MouseDown 4-14 .
4-14
using System;
using System.Drawing;
using System.Collections;
using System.ComponentModel;
using System.Windows.Forms;
public class CustomForm : Form
{
private Point lastPoint = Point.Empty; //Save mousedown
public CustomForm()
{
InitializeComponent(); // set up form
//Associate mouse events with pictureBox
pictureBox.MouseDown += new MouseEventHandler(OnMouseDown);
pictureBox.MouseUp += new MouseEventHandler(OnMouseUp);
pictureBox.MouseMove += new MouseEventHandler(OnMouseMove);
}
private void OnMouseDown(object sender, MouseEventArgs e)
{
lastPoint.X = e.X;
lastPoint.Y = e.Y;
}
private void OnMouseUp(object sender, MouseEventArgs e)
{
lastPoint = Point.Empty;
}
//Move the form in response to the mouse being dragged
private void OnMouseMove(object sender, MouseEventArgs e)
{
if (lastPoint != Point.Empty)
{
//Move form in response to mouse movement
int xInc = e.X - lastPoint.X;
int yInc = e.Y - lastPoint.Y;
this.Location = new Point(this.Left + xInc,
this.Top+yInc);
}
}
// Close Window
private void button_Click(object sender, System.EventArgs e)
{
this.Close();

201

C#

09177112161 -}
}

. PictureBox lastPoint
. Location
. lastPoint .
.

StartPosition .
6-14 FormStartPosition .

. Manual .
6-14

. VS

InitializeComponent

Form.Load
Form.Activated

Form.Activated

Form.DeActivated

Form.DeActivated

Load Activated

.
.

.

Form.Closing
Form.Closed

Form.Close
.

Form.Load . )0 (200 -
.
)private void opaque_Load(object sender, System.EventArgs e
{
;)this.DesktopLocation = new Point(
}

.
;)(opaque opForm = new opaque
;opForm.Opacity =
opForm.TopMost = true; //Always display form on top
;opForm.StartPosition = FormStartPosition.Manual
;)opForm.DesktopLocation = new Point(
;)(opForm.Show

Size ClientSize .
. Size .
202


;)this.ClientSize = new System.Drawing.Size(,

.
Screen.PrimeryScreen.WorkingArea .

. .
;int w = Screen.PrimaryScreen.WorkingArea.Width
;int h = Screen.PrimaryScreen.WorkingArea.Height
;)this.ClientSize = new Size(w/,h/
. MinimumSize

MaximumSize . .
//w and h are the screen's width and height
;)this.MaximumSize = new Size(w/,h/
;)this.MinimumSize = new Size(,

-2-3-14
:
Form.ShowDialog Form.Show Control Form.ShowDialog .

Modal .
. .
Form.Show Modeless .
.
.

modeless
:
.
. 6-14 .

.
.
. VS.Net
InitializeComponent .
Form .
.
Close .
. .

203

09177112161 - -

C#

. ) opform) EventHandler
.
. FormActivate .
//Next statement is at beginning of form's code
public opaque opForm;
bool closed = true; //Flag to indicate if opForm exists
//Create new form or give focus to existing one
private void button_Click(object sender, System.EventArgs e)
{
if (closed)
{
closed = false;
opForm = new opaque();
//Call OnOpClose when new form closes
opForm.Closed += new EventHandler(OnOpClose);
opForm.Show(); //Display new form object
} else {
opForm.Activate(); //Give focus to form
}
}
//Event handler called when child form is closed
private void OnOpClose(object sender, System.EventArgs e)
{
closed = true; //Flag indicating form is closed
}

-3-3-14
Alt+Tab
) . Activated
DeActivate . DeActivate (
Activated resume
.
this.Deactivate += new System.EventHandler(Form_Deactivate);
this.Activated += new System.EventHandler(Form_Activate);
//
void Form_Deactivate(object sender, EventArgs e)
{
button.Enabled = false;
button.Text = "Resume";
}
void Form_Activate(object sender, EventArgs e)
{
button.Enabled = true;
}

Closing
CancelEventHandler .
Cancel CancelEventArgs .
. . true .
this.Closing += new CancelEventHandler(Form_Closing);
void Form_Closing(object sender, CancelEventArgs e)
{

204


)if(MessageBox.Show("Are you sure you want to Exit?", "",MessageBoxButtons.YesNo
)== DialogResult.No
{
//Cancel the closing of the form
;e.Cancel = true
}
}

-4-3-14

. .
modeless ). .(8-14 : TextBox
Search .
TextBox .
. .
8-14

Next .
.
.
.
documentText .
txtSearch
.
DocForm documentText myText
documentText . myText public static
DoForm.myText .
public static TextBox myText; //Declare public variable
)private void docForm_Load(object sender, System.EventArgs e
{
;myText = documentText
}

SearchForm txtSearch .
205

09177112161 - -

C#

public String SearchPhrase

{
set { txtSearch.Text = value;} //Write Only
}

. SearchForm DocForm
.

SearchForm . DocForm
.
( 5-14 ). SearchPhrase SearchForm ( SelectedText)
DocForm
.
5-14
private void btnSearch_Click(object sender, System.EventArgs e)
{
//Create instance of search form if it does not exist
if (closed)
{
closed= false;
searchForm = new SearchForm(); //Create instance
searchForm.TopMost = true;
searchForm.Closed += new EventHandler(onSearchClosed);
searchForm.StartPosition = FormStartPosition.Manual;
searchForm.DesktopLocation = new Point(this.Right-,this.Top-);
searchForm.SearchPhrase = documentText.SelectedText;
searchForm.Show();
} else
{
searchForm.SearchPhrase = documentText.SelectedText;
searchForm.Activate();
}
}
private void onSearchClosed(object sender, System.EventArgs e)
{
closed= true;
}

. FindNext 6-14
. IndexOf LastIndexOf
.
6-14
private void btnFind_Click(object sender, System.EventArgs e)
{
int ib; //Index to indicate position of match
string myBuff = DocForm.myText.Text; //Text box contents
string searchText= this.txtSearch.Text; //Search string
int ln = searchText.Length; //Length of search string
if (ln>)
{
//Get current location of selected text
int selStart = DocForm.myText.SelectionStart;

206


)if (selStart >= DocForm.myText.Text.Length
{
;ib =
} else
{
;ib = selStart + ln
}
if (!this.chkCase.Checked) //Case-insensitive search
{
;)(searchText = searchText.ToUpper
;)(myBuff = myBuff.ToUpper
}
;)if (this.radDown.Checked)ib =myBuff.IndexOf(searchText,ib
;)if (this.radUp.Checked && ib>ln-)ib =myBuff.LastIndexOf(searchText,ib-,ib-
if (ib >= ) //Highlight text on main form
{
;DocForm.myText.SelectionStart = ib
;DocForm.myText.SelectionLength = txtSearch.Text.Length
}
}
}

-5-3-14
modeless
. .
.
.
. - 1 . NET.
. Owner
. .
. SearchForm TopMost .
- Owner .
;)(opaque opForm = new opaque
opForm.Owner = this; //Current form now owns new form
;)(opForm.Show

.
.
.
OwnedForms
. opForm 2opForm
.
;)(opaque opForm = new opaque
opForm.Owner = this; //Set current form to owner form
;)(opaque opForm = new opaque
opForm.Owner = this; //Set current form to owner form
)for (int ndx=; ndx<this.OwnedForms.Length; ndx++
{
;)(myForms.Text = "Owner: Form - Form"+ndx.ToString
Owner-owned

207

C#

09177112161 -;)(myForms.Show
}

Modal Owner
.

MDI
MDI .
. MDI
.
MDI IsMdiContainer true
. MdiParent .
MDI 9-14 MDI :
.
9-14

MDI .
;this.IsMdiContainer = true

File File- New File-open .

MdiParent .
;)(invForm myForm = new invForm
;myForm.MdiParent = this
mdiCt += mdiCt; //Count number of forms created
;)(myForm.Text= "Invoice" + mdiCt.ToString
;)(myForm.Show

Text .

MDI
MDI . MDI
File Windows
.
208

MainMenu :
MenuItems 0. MenuItem
.
.
VS.Net . 10-14
VS.Net .
.
10-14

.
private
private
private
private
private

MainMenu
MenuItem
MenuItem
MenuItem
MenuItem

mainMenu;
menuItem;
menuItem;
menuItem;
menuItem;

//File
//Edit
//Window
//File - New

.
this.mainMenu
this.menuItem
this.menuItem
this.menuItem
this.menuItem

=
=
=
=
=

new
new
new
new
new

System.Windows.Forms.MainMenu();
System.Windows.Forms.MenuItem("File");
System.Windows.Forms.MenuItem("Edit");
System.Windows.Forms.MenuItem("Window");
System.Windows.Forms.MenuItem("New");

.
. 1 MenuItems
//Add menu items to main menu object
this.mainMenu.MenuItems.AddRange(new
System.Windows.Forms.MenuItem[] {
this.menuItem,
this.menuItem,
this.menuItem});
//Add menu item below File
this.menuItem.MenuItems.Add(this.menuItem);
//Add menu items to Window menu item
this.menuItem.MdiList = true; //Causes child forms to display
this.menuItem.MenuItems.AddRange(newSystem.Windows.Forms.MenuItem[]
{this.menuItem,this.menuItem, this.menuItem, this.menuItem});
//Set menu on form
this.Menu = this.mainMenu;

:
. MenuItems AddRange Add

popup menu

209

C#

- 09177112161 -

true MdiList
Invoice1). 2Invoice 10-14 (.

Menu MainMenu .

.
File-New .
invForm .
//Following is defined in constructor
;)MenuItem.Click += new System.EventHandler(menuItem_Click
)private void menuItem_Click(object sender, System.EventArgs e
{
;)(invForm myForm = new invForm
;myForm.MdiParent = this
mdiCt += mdiCt; //Count number of forms created
;)(myForm.Text= "Invoice" + mdiCt.ToString
;)(myForm.Show
}

Window MDI .
LayoutMdi .
.
)System.EventArgs e

)System.EventArgs e

)System.EventArgs e

)System.EventArgs e

private void menuItem_Click(object sender,

{
;)this.LayoutMdi(MdiLayout.ArrangeIcons
}
private void menuItem_Click(object sender,
{
;)this.LayoutMdi(MdiLayout.Cascade
}
private void menuItem_Click(object sender,
{
;)this.LayoutMdi(MdiLayout.TileHorizontal
}
private void menuItem_Click(object sender,
{
;)this.LayoutMdi(MdiLayout.TileVertical
}

MdiLayout LayoutMdi .

MDI VS.NET
MainMenu ToolBox . :
. )
.(11-14 .
. Click VS.NET.

.
11-14

210

Properties
.

-4-14
.
ContexMenu .

-1-4-14 MenuItem
NET. . .
.
: Enabled true .
:Checked .
:RadioCheck . Checked true .
BreakBar : Break true .
:Shortcut Shortcut .
. &
Alt .

-2-4-14
MainMenu MenuItem ContextMenu
Menu . ContexMenu
popup .
ContexMenu MainMenu .
.

211

09177112161 - -

C#

.
. TextBox
(12-14 ) . TextBox
12-14

-3-4-14

ContextMenu VS.NET . MainMenu

.
. MenuItems.Add ContextMenu
. .
private ContextMenu contextMenu; //Context menu
private TextBox txtSearch; //Text box that will use menu
// Following is in constructor
contextMenu = new ContextMenu();
// Add menu items and event handler using Add method
contextMenu.MenuItems.Add("Azure Background",new
System.EventHandler(this.menuItem_Click));
contextMenu.MenuItems.Add("White Background",new
System.EventHandler(this.menuItem_Click));
contextMenu.MenuItems.Add("Beige Background",new
System.EventHandler(this.menuItem_Click));

. ContexMenu
this.txtSearch.ContextMenu = this.contextMenu;

txtSearch
:
private void menuItem_Click(object sender, System.EventArgs e)
{
//Sender identifies specific menu item selected
MenuItem conMi = (MenuItem) sender;
string txt = conMi.Text;
//SourceControl is control associated with this event
if(txt == "Azure Background")
this.contextMenu.SourceControl.BackColor = Color.Azure;
if(txt == "White Background")
this.contextMenu.SourceControl.BackColor = Color.White;
if(txt == "Beige Background")
this.contextMenu.SourceControl.BackColor = Color.Beige;
}

context menu

212

sender
SourceControl .
.

-5-14
. 1
. Help
NET. . .
ToolTip . ToolTip .
HelpProvider . CHM .
- HelpRequested

.Control 1F Help .

ToolTip-1-5-14
VS.NET ToolTip .
( string (ToolTip on toolTipl .
.
ToolTip
.
. 13-14 .
. ToolTip
.
7-14 13-14 .
BackGroundImage . )
( . Tag
ToolTip SetToolTip .
13-14

intuitive

213

09177112161 - -

C#

7-14
public class StarMap:Form
{
public StarMap()
{
this.Text = "Star Search";
this.Width=;
this.Height=;
// Place image of constellation on form
this.BackgroundImage= new Bitmap(@"c:\dracoblack.gif");
// Add name of star on Label
Label star = new Label();
Star.Location = new Point();
Star.Size = new Size();
star.Text = "Thuban";
star.Tag = " Alpha Draconis\n> Magnitude: \n>"+ " Light Years";
star.Font = new Font(star.Font, star.Font.Style |FontStyle.Bold);
this.Controls.Add(star);
ToolTip toolTip = new ToolTip();
toolTip.AutoPopDelay= ; // Tool tip displays
// for secs.
// Tool tip text comes from Tag property of Label
toolTip.SetToolTip(star, star.Tag.ToString());
// Add labels for other stars Etamin and Gianfar here ...
}
}

RemoveAll ToolTip ToolTip :

. ToolTip SetToolTip

Help 1F -2-5-14
1F .NET . 1F
. 1F Control.HelpRequested
Help Help
. 14-14 .
. Help
. false MaximizeBox MinimizeBox . true HelpButton 214

14-14

.
ShowHelp HelpRequested
Tag .
.
this.date.HelpRequested += new HelpEventHandler(ShowHelp);
this.ssn.HelpRequested += new HelpEventHandler(ShowHelp);
this.ssn.Tag = "Enter as: nnn-nn-nnnn";
this.date.Tag = "Enter as: mm/dd/yyyy";
private void ShowHelp(object sender, HelpEventArgs e)
{
Control reqControl = (Control)sender;
// Technique : Use tag associated with control
MessageBox.Show(reqControl.Tag.ToString());
// Technique : Link to specific text within a CHM file
string anchor = "#"+reqControl.Name;
// ShowHelp invokes a compiled Help file
Help.ShowHelp(reqControl,@"c:\ctest.chm",HelpNavigator.Topic,"customers.htm"
+anchor);
e.Handled = true; // Always set this
}

sender :
Handled . MousePos Handled HelpEventArgs
Point MousePos .
. Help .
. Help Tag
. HTML Help.ShowHelp
a > . Customers.htm Ctest.chm

. HTML .< Name=sss

Help OverLoad . Help ShowHelp
. HTML Help HTML
// URL may be .chm file or html file
public static void ShowHelp(Control parent, string url);
// HelpNavigator defines the type of .chm file to be displayed
public static void ShowHelp(Control parent, string url,HelpNavigator navigator);
// Displays contents of Help file for a specified keyword
public static void ShowHelp(Control parent, string url,string keyword);
// param is used with HelpNavigator.Topic to refine selection
public static void ShowHelp(Control parent, string url,HelpNavigator navigator,
object param);

215

C#

- 09177112161 -

HelpNavigator CHM .
Index FindTableofContents Topic . Help
HTML .
Microsoft HTML Help Workshop .

-3-5-14 HelpProvider
VS.NET . HelpRequested .
. ShowHelp

. HelpProvider .
HelpNameSpace HTML CHM 4 .
.
:ShowHelp -1 Help true .
:HelpNavigator -2 HelpNavigator .
:HelpKeyWord -3 keyword params ShowHelp .
:HelpString -4 Help .
Help ShowHelp false . true
HelpNameSpace . Help
HelpString Help F1 HTML .

-6-14
GUI
.
.
.

-1-6-14
CS . CS
dll . .
: dll .
csc /t:library product.cs customer.cs /out:ADCFormLib.dll
. Products

.
namespace Products
{
public class ProductForm : System.Windows.Forms.Form
{

216

.
// User Form derived from base class Form
class NewProductForm: Products.ProductForm
{
ADCFormlib . VS.NET

Project Add Reference

reference .
csc /t:winexe /r:ADCFormLib.dll myApp.cs

-2-6-14
.
.
. .
private
protected . .
Visible false .

Override-3-6-36
.
.
Click .
Override .

Override . .
)private void btn_Clicked(object sender, System.EventArgs e
{
ButtonClicks(); // Have virtual method do actual work
}
)(protected virtual void ButtonClicks
{
;)(this.Close
}

Override .
)(protected override void ButtonClicks
{
// Code to perform any data validation
;)(this.Close
}

217

C#

- 09177112161 -

-4-6-14 VS.NET
VS.NET .
- Add Inherited Form

Project . .

Inheritance Picker Browse .

.

-7-14
.
.
. NET FCL.
.
Control
.
.
Form Control
.
modal
modeless .
MDI .
.
1F .NET HelpRequested .
Help (HTML (.chm
.

218

:
.

: CheckBox Button RadioButton

.

: PictureBox .
TextBox .

: ComboBox ListBox CheckListBox

.

ListView : TreeView ListView

. TreeView
.

Timer :ProgressBar .
ProgressBar .

:
.

:
Net. .
.

:
. .

C#

- 09177112161 -

Control .
.
. GUI
. .
.
GUI .

-1-15 NET.
System.Windows.Forms
. Control .
.
1-15 . *
2,0NET . .x1NET . . DataGrid DataGridView
StatusBar StatusStrip Toolbar ToolStrip . 1-15
.
1-15

1-15

220


Button

. Text

Enter ESC
.

CheckBox

.
.

.
CheckBox1.Appearance = Appearance.Button

CheckedListBox

ListBox
.

ComboBox

TextBox
ListBox . TextBox ListBox
.

DataGridView
GridView

DataGridView

DataGridView .

Net 20. DataGrid.

GroupBox

ImageList

.
.

ListView ToolStrip
TreeView .

Label

ListBox

.
.
.

ListView

.
.

MenuStrip

.
.

Panel

MainMenu.

. .
FlowPanlelayaout
TablePanellayaout .

FlowPanlelayaout

TablePanellayaout
PictureBox

221

C#

- 09177112161 -

.
ProgressBar

RadioButton

StatusStrip

.
.

TextBox

TreeView

.

.

-2-15 Panel GroupBox Button Label

-1-2-15 Button
.
.
)( Constructor : Public Button

. Text
. Image
.

.
.
.
:Flatstyle Flatstyle.Standard Flatstyle.Popup Flatstyle.Flat :
.Flatstyle.System.Standard Flat Popup .
System . .
:Image . Image.FromFile
.
;)"button1.Image =Image.FromFile ("c:\\book.gif

222

:ImageAlign . ContentAlignment
.
;button1 .ImageAlign =ContentAlignment .MiddleRight

:TextAlign ContentAlignment .

Button
Click : Enter
SpaceBar Alt .
& Text .
C Click .
;)(Button btnClose = new Button
btnClose.Text= "&Close"; // Pushing ALT + C triggers event
;)btnClose.Click += new EventHandler(btnClose_Clicked
// Handle Mouse Click, ENTER key, or Space Bar
)private void btnClose_Clicked(object sender, System.EventArgs e
{
;)(this.Close
}

Click .
AcceptButton CancelButton Click Enter

ESC .

: Cancelbutton Click .
Esc .

-2-2-15 CheckBox
. RadioButton
.
)(CheckBox

Constructor : Public

. Text Image
.

CheckBox
: ) (
) ( .
Appearance Appearance.normal Appearance.Button .
2-15 .
// Create traditional check box
;)(this.checkBox1 = new CheckBox
;)this.checkBox1.Location =new System.Drawing.Point(10120

223

C#

09177112161 -;"this.checkBox1.Text = "La Traviata

;this.checkBox1.Checked = true
// Create Button style check box
;)(this.checkBox2 = new CheckBox
;)this.checkBox2.Location =new System.Drawing.Point(10150
;"this.checkBox2.Text = "Parsifal
;this.checkBox2.Appearance = Appearance.Button
;this.checkBox2.Checked = true
;this.checkBox2.TextAlign = ContentAlignment.MiddleCenter

2-15

-3-2-15 RadioButton
RadioButton
. .
)(RadioButton

Constructor : Public

RadioButton . Text Image

.
Appearance : .Flatstyle

.
.
.
Panel GroupBox
. 3-15 GroupBox
.
3-15

224

GroupBox 1-15
.
1-7
using System.Drawing;
using System.Windows.Forms;
public class OperaForm : Form
{
private RadioButton radioButton1;
private RadioButton radioButton2;
private RadioButton radioButton3;
private GroupBox groupBox1;
public OperaForm()
{
this.groupBox1 = new GroupBox();
this.radioButton3 = new RadioButton();
this.radioButton2 = new RadioButton();
this.radioButton1 = new RadioButton();
// All three radio buttons are created like this
// For brevity only code for one button is included
this.radioButton3.BackColor = Color.Transparent;
this.radioButton3.Font = new Font("Microsoft Sans Serif",8,25F,
FontStyle.Bold);
this.radioButton3.ForeColor =SystemColors.ActiveCaptionText;
this.radioButton3.Location = new Point(16, 80);
this.radioButton3.Name = "radioButton3";
this.radioButton3.Text = "Parsifal";
// Group Box
this.groupBox1 = new GroupBox();
this.groupBox1.BackgroundImage =Image.FromFile("C:\\opera.jpg");
this.groupBox1.Size = new Size(120, 112);
// Add radio buttons to groupbox
groupBox1.Add( new Control[]{radioButton1,radiobutton2,radioButton3});
}
}

Backcolor . Color.Transparent Backcolor

.
. GroupBox Backcolor

225

C#

- 09177112161 -

-4-2-15GroupBox
GroupBox .
.
. Enabled
False .
)(GroupBox

Constructor : public

GroupBox 200 100 .

-5-2-15 Panel
.
GroupBox . ScrollableClass .
)(Panel

Constructor : public

.
Panel .
GroupBox Panel

GroupBox Panel.

GroupBox . Panel BorderStyle .

Borderstyle.Fixed3D Borderstyle.Single Borderstyle.None.

GroupBox True Autoscroll Panel

.

Panel .
.
. NET.
Panel :
FlowLayoutPanel . TableLayoutPanel

-6-2-15 FlowLayoutPanel
4-15 FlowLayoutPanel .
4-15

226

FlowDirection .
WrapControls
.
. FlowDirection
FlowLayoutPanel flp = new FlowLayoutPanel();
flp.FlowDirection = FlowDirection.LefttoRight;
// Controls are automatically positioned left to right
flp.Controls.Add(Button1);
flp.Controls.Add(Button2);
flp.Controls.Add(TextBox1);
flp.Controls.Add(Button3);
this.Controls.Add(flp); // Add container to form

TopDown BottomUp, LeftToRight, RighttoLeft FlowDirection

. LeftToRight

TableLayoutPanel -7-2-15
. TableLayoutPanel 5-15
5-15

. TableLayoutPanel
Inset
. .
TableLayoutPanel tlp = new TableLayoutPanel();
// Causes the inset around each cell
tlp.CellBorderStyle = TableLayoutPanelCellBorderStyle.Inset;
tlp.ColumnCount = 2; // Grid has two columns
tlp.RowCount = 2; // Grid has two rows
// If grid is full add extra cells by adding column
tlp.GrowStyle = TableLayoutPanelGrowStyle.AddColumns;
// Padding (pixels)within each cell (left, top, right, bottom)
tlp.Padding = new Padding(1145);
tlp.Controls.Add(Button1);
tlp.Controls.Add(Button2);
// Other controls added here

. GrowStyle
. AddColumns .
None . None AddRows
.
227

C#

- 09177112161 -

-8-2-15 Label
.
)(constructor: public Label

. Text
. BorderStyle Image TextAlign .
6-15 .
;)(Label imgLabel = new Label
;imgLabel.BackColor= Color.White
;)"Image img = Image.FromFile("c:\\rembrandt.jpg
;imgLabel.Image= img
;imgLabel.ImageAlign= ContentAlignment.TopCenter
;"imgLabel.Text="Rembrandt
;imgLabel.TextAlign= ContentAlignment.BottomCenter
;imgLabel.BorderStyle= BorderStyle.Fixed3D
;)imgLabel.Size = new Size(img.Width+10, img.Height+25

6-15

UseMnemonic . True &

Text . & Sum
Alt-S .

-3-15 PictureBox TextBox

-1-3-15 PictureBox
PictureBox GIF JPEG metafile Icon bitmap PNG .

.
)(constructor: public PictureBox

) (Image = null SizeMode

.
Image SizeMode Image .
. PictureBoxSizeMode :
PictureBox:AutoSize-1 .
:CenterImage -2 .

228

. : Normal -3
. :StretchImage -4
. PictureBox 7-15
.
.
7-15

DoubleClick ShowPic . 2-7

. PictureBox Image
) bigPicture
.( SizeMode
2-15
using System;
using System.Drawing;
using System.Windows.Forms;
public class ArtForm : Form
{
private PictureBox bigPicture;
private PictureBox tn1;
private PictureBox tn2;
private PictureBox tn3;
private Button btnClear;
public ArtForm()
{
bigPicture = new PictureBox();
tn1 = new PictureBox();
tn2 = new PictureBox();
tn3 = new PictureBox();
btnClear = new Button();
bigPicture.Location = new Point(90, 30);
bigPicture.Name = "bigPicture";
bigPicture.Size = new Size(160, 160);
this.Controls.Add(bigPicture);
// Define picturebox to hold first thumbnail image
tn1.BorderStyle = BorderStyle.FixedSingle;
tn1.Cursor = Cursors.Hand;

229

09177112161 - -

C#

tn1.Image = Image.FromFile("C:\\schiele1.jpg");
tn1.Location = new Point(8, 16);
tn1.Name = "tn1";
tn1.Size = new Size(56, 56);
tn1.SizeMode = PictureBoxSizeMode.StretchImage;
this.Controls.Add(tn1);
// Code for other thumbnails would go here
// Button to clear picture box
btnClear.Location = new Point(136, 192);
btnClear.Name = "btnClear";
btnClear.Size = new Size(88, 24);
btnClear.Text = "Clear Image";
this.Controls.Add(btnClear);
btnClear.Click += new EventHandler(this.btnClear_Click);
// Set up event handlers for double click events
tn1.DoubleClick += new EventHandler(ShowPic);
tn2.DoubleClick += new EventHandler(ShowPic);

tn3.DoubleClick += new EventHandler(ShowPic);

}
static void Main()
{
Application.Run(new ArtForm());
}
private void btnClear_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
{
bigPicture.Image = null; // Clear image
}
private void ShowPic (object sender, EventArgs e)
{
// Sender is thumbnail image that is double clicked
bigPicture.Image = ((PictureBox) sender).Image;
}

TextBox -2-3-15
TextBox
.
.
constructor: public TextBox()

. TextBox

. 8-15 .
8-15

230

Text AppendText .
= tPoetry.Text
;""In Xanadu did Kubla Khan\r\na stately pleasure dome decree,
;)"txtPoetry.AppendText("\r\nWhere Alph the sacred river ran

Readonly TextBox .
PasswordChar ) ( .

TextBox
) ( . TextBox AcceptsReturn
. False TextBox Enter .
. AcceptsReturn
. AcceptsReturn ) MultiLine True

( Enter )\r\n) TextBox .

. :
.
.
// Set up event handler in constructor for TextBox txtPoetry
;)txtPoetry.KeyPress += new KeyPressEventHandler(onKeyPress
)private void onKeyPress( object sender, KeyPressEventArgs e
{
;if(e.KeyChar == (char)13) e.Handled = true
}

True Handled \ r\n .

Cut Paste . Paste

.
;)" "txtPoetry.Text = txtPoetry.Text.Replace(Environment.NewLine,

: :
;"txtPoetry.Text = "Line 1\r\nLine 2
;"txtPoetry.Text = "Line 1"+Environment.NewLine+"Line 2

231

C#

- 09177112161 -

-4-15 CheckedListBoxListBox ComboBox

-1-4-15 ListBox
ListBox .
. .
override
.
)(constructor: public ListBox
ListBox . ListBox Form.Load

. ListBox.Sorted True ListBox

.
.

ListBox
ListBox Items . ListBox
) (ADO.NET Add . Sorted False
. Insert
.
;)"lstArtists.Items.Add("Monet
;)"lstArtists.Items.Add("Rembrandt
;)"lstArtists.Items.Add("Manet
lstArtists.Items.Insert(0, "Botticelli"); //Place at top

: ListBox
ListBox.BeginUpdate ListBox.EndUpdate
.

TextBox . ListBox ToString
System.Object override .
ListBox .
// Instances of this class will be placed in a ListBox
public class Artist
{
;public string BDate, DDate, Country
;private string firstname
;private string lastname
public Artist(string birth, string death, string fname,
)string lname, string ctry
{
;BDate = birth
;DDate = death
;Country = ctry
;firstname = fname
;lastname = lname
}

232

public override string ToString()

{
return (lastname+" , "+firstname);
}
public string GetLName
{
get
{
return lastname;
}
}
public string GetFName
{
get
{
return firstname;
}

. ListBox override ToString

. 9-15 ListBox
lstArtists.Items.Add (new Artist("1832", "1883", "Edouard", "Manet","Fr" ));
lstArtists.Items.Add (new Artist("1840", "1926", "Claude", "Monet","Fr"));
lstArtists.Items.Add (new Artist("1606", "1669", "Von Rijn", "Rembrandt","Ne"));
lstArtists.Items.Add (new Artist("1445", "1510", "Sandre", "Botticelli","It"));

9-15

ListBox
. ListBox SelectionMode
.MultiExtended MultiSingle Single None : SelectionMode
MultiExtended . SpaceBar MultiSingle
. Ctrl Shift
. ListBox SelectedIndexChanged
.
ListBox .
. 9-15 .
// Set up event handler in constructor
lstArtists.SelectedIndexChanged += new EventHandler(ShowArtist);
//
private void ShowArtist(object sender, EventArgs e)
{
// Cast to artist object in order to access properties
Artist myArtist = lstArtists.SelectedItem as Artist;

233

C#

09177112161 -{ )if (myArtist != null

txtBirth.Text = myArtist.Dob; // Place dates in text boxes
;txtDeath.Text = myArtist.Dod
}
}

SelectedItem ListBox . as
myArtist Artist . SelectedIndex
.
;myArtist = lstArtists.Items[lstArtists.SelectedIndex] as Artist

ListBox .
.
. SelectedItem
.
)foreach (Artist a in lstArtists.SelectedItems
;)MessageBox.Show(a.GetLName

SetSelected .
SelectedIndexChanged . SetSelected
.
)for (int ndx =0; ndx < lstArtists.Items.Count-1; ndx ++
{
;Artist a = lstArtists.Items[ndx] as Artist
;)if (a.country == "Fr") lstArtists.SetSelected(ndx,true
}

ListBox
ListBox MenuItem ComboBox TabControl .

. .
ListBox DrawMode DrawMode
OwnerDrawFixed : .OwnerDrawVariable .
. DrawItem
.
ListBox DrawMode
DrawItem .
;lstArtists.DrawMode = DrawMode.OwnerDrawFixed
lstArtists.ItemHeight = 16; // Height (pixels) of item
;)lstArtists.DrawItem += new DrawItemEventHandler(DrawList

DrawItemEventHandler : Sender .DrawItemEventArgs

. 2-15 .
2-15

234

BackColor

Bounds

Rectangle

Font

ForeColor

Graphics

Graphics
.

Index

State

.
DrawItemState . ListBox ( (1Selected ) (0 .

)(DrawBackground

)(DrawFocusRectangle

Index BackColor Font . ForeColor

Bounds . State .
ListBox
.
ListBox 3-15 .
. .

.
+GDI . .
FillRectangle Rectangle DrawString
Brush Graphics . B9-15
.
3-15
)private void DrawList(object sender, DrawItemEventArgs e
{
// Draw ListBox Items
;string ctry
;Rectangle rect = e.Bounds
;Artist a = lstArtists.Items[e.Index] as Artist
;)(string artistName = a.ToString
) if ( (e.State & DrawItemState.Selected) ==DrawItemState.Selected
{
// Draw Black border around the selected item

235

C#

09177112161 -;)e.Graphics.DrawRectangle(Pens.Black,rect
{ } else
;ctry = a.Country
Brush b; // Object used to define backcolor
// Each country will have a different backcolor
b = Brushes.LightYellow; // Netherlands
;if (ctry == Fr) b = Brushes.LightGreen
;if (ctry == It) b = Brushes.Yellow
};)e.Graphics.FillRectangle(b,rect
;)e.Graphics.DrawString(artistName,e.Font, Brushes.Black,rect
}
}

-2-4-15 ComboBox : CheckedListBox

ComboBox ListBox TextBox) . 10-15 ( . listBox
ListControl .
10-15

ComboBox Text
SelectedItem .
ComboBox .
. ListBox.
;)(ComboBox cbArtists = new ComboBox
;)cbArtists.Size = new System.Drawing.Size(120, 21
cbArtists.MaxDropDownItems= 4; // Max number of items to display
cbArtists.DropDownWidth = 140; // Width of drop-down portion
;)) "cbArtists.Items.Add(new Artist("1832", "1883","Edouard", "Manet","Fr
// Add other items here...

CheckedListBox ListBox
.
.
CheckOnClick True .
CheckedListBox
CheckedItems .
Artist .
// List all items with checked box.
)foreach (Artist a in clBox.CheckedItems
MessageBox.Show(a.ToString()); // > Monet, Claude

.
236


)for (int i=0; I< clBox.Items.Count; i++
{
)if(clBox.GetItemCheckState(i) == CheckState.Checked
{
Do something
} else
{
do something if not checked
}

-5-15 TreeView ListView

-1-5-15 ListView
ListView .
. .
. .
11-15 .
. .
11-15

ListView .

ListView
ListView .
;)(ListView listView1 = new ListView

ListView
// Set the view to show details
;listView1.View = View.Details

View 5 .
237

C#

- 09177112161 -

:Details .
.
:LargeIcon .
:List .
.
:SmallIcon .
:Tile
. WinXP 2003 .
: ListView.View
.
Details
.
// Allow the user to rearrange columns
;listView1.AllowColumnReorder = true
// Select the entire row when selection is made
;listView1.FullRowSelect = true
// Display grid lines
;listView1.GridLines = true
// Sort the items in the list in ascending order
;listView1.Sorting = SortOrder.Ascending

Details .
Columns.Add . :
)ListView.Columns.Add(caption, width, textAlign

Caption Width . . 1-
2-
.
// Create column headers for the items and subitems
;)listView1.Columns.Add("Artist", -2, HorizontalAlignment.Left
;)listView1.Columns.Add("Born", -2, HorizontalAlignment.Left
;)listView1.Columns.Add("Died", -2, HorizontalAlignment.Left
;)listView1.Columns.Add("Country", -2, HorizontalAlignment.Left

Add ColumnHeader Column ListView .

overload ColumnHeader .
ColumnHeader cHeader:
;"cHeader.Text = "Artist
;cHeader.Width = -2

238


cHeader.TextAlign = HorizontalAlignment.Left;
ListView.Columns.Add(ColumnHeader cHeader);

ListView
. overload ListView
. .

public ListViewItem(string text);

public ListViewItem(string[] items );
public ListViewItem(string text,int imageIndex );
public ListViewItem(string[] items,int imageIndex );
public ListViewItem(string[] items,int imageIndex,
Color foreColor,Color backColor,Font font);

. 8-15 overload
// Create item and three subitems
ListViewItem item1 = new ListViewItem("Manet",2);
item1.SubItems.Add("1832");
item1.SubItems.Add("1883");
item1.SubItems.Add("France");
// Create item and subitems using a constructor only
ListViewItem item2 = new ListViewItem (new string[]
{"Monet","1840","1926","France"}, 3);
// Create item and subitems with blue background color
ListViewItem item3 = new ListViewItem
(new string[] {"Cezanne","1839","1906","France"}, 1,Color.Empty,
Color.LightBlue, null);

. ListView Items
// Add the items to the ListView
listView1.Items.AddRange(new ListViewItem[]{item1,item2,item3,item4,item5});

LargeImageList : ListView
. SmallImageList LargeIcon
. ListViewItem imageIndex
.
ImageList
. SmallImageList LargeImageList
// Create two ImageList objects
ImageList imageListSmall = new ImageList();
ImageList imageListLarge = new ImageList();
imageListLarge.ImageSize = new Size(5050); // Set image size
// Initialize the ImageList objects
// Can use same images in both collections since they're resized
imageListSmall.Images.Add(Bitmap.FromFile("C:\\botti.gif"));
imageListSmall.Images.Add(Bitmap.FromFile("C:\\cezanne.gif"));
imageListLarge.Images.Add(Bitmap.FromFile("C:\\botti.gif"));
imageListLarge.Images.Add(Bitmap.FromFile("C:\\cezanne.gif"));
// Add other images here

239

C#

09177112161 -// Assign the ImageList objects to the ListView.

;listView1.LargeImageList = imageListLarge
;listView1.SmallImageList = imageListSmall
;)ListViewItem lvItem1 = new ListViewItem("Cezanne",1

1 cezanne.gif . ImageList

. ImageList .
ListView 12-15 11-15 View.LargeIcon .
;listView1.View = View.LargeIcon

12-15

ListView
ListView
.
.

foreach
.
)foreach (ListViewItem lvi in listView1.Items
{
;"" = string row
)foreach(ListViewItem.ListViewSubItem sub in lvi.SubItems
{
;row += " " + sub.Text
}
MessageBox.Show(row); // List concatenated subitems
}

. ) (
. ListView .
.
.
ListView.SelectedItems .
)foreach (ListViewItem lvisel in listView1.SelectedItems

240

Click DoubleClick ListView
SelectedIndexChanged .
FocusedItem .
// Set this in the constructor
;)listView1.SelectedIndexChanged +=new EventHandler(lv_IndexChanged
// Handle SelectedIndexChanged Event
)private void lv_IndexChanged(object sender, System.EventArgs e
{
;string ItemText = listView1.FocusedItem.Text
}

Click EventHandler .
MouseDown MouseUp .
MouseDown.
)private void listView1_MouseDown(object sender, MouseEventArgs e
{
;)ListViewItem selection = listView1.GetItemAt(e.X, e.Y
)if (selection != null
{
;)MessageBox.Show("Item Selected: "+selection.Text
}
}

ListView.GetItemAt .
null .

ListView
ListView .
ListViewItemSorter
ListView.Sort . .
-1 ColumnClick .
-2 ListViewItemSorter
.
-3 . IComparer
IComparer.Compare .
.
ListViewItemComparer .
ListViewItemSorter .
// Connect the ColumnClick event to its event handler
;)listView1.ColumnClick +=new ColumnClickEventHandler(ColumnClick
// ColumnClick event handler
)private void ColumnClick(object o, ColumnClickEventArgs e
{
// Setting this property immediately sorts the
// ListView using the ListViewItemComparer object

241

C#

- 09177112161 -

;)this.listView1.ListViewItemSorter =new ListViewItemComparer(e.Column

}
// Class to implement the sorting of items by columns
class ListViewItemComparer : IComparer
{
;private int col
)(public ListViewItemComparer
{
col = 0; // Use as default column
}
)public ListViewItemComparer(int column
{
;col = column
}
// Implement IComparer.Compare method
)public int Compare(object x, object y
{
;string xText = ((ListViewItem)x).SubItems[col].Text
;string yText = ((ListViewItem)y).SubItems[col].Text
;)return String.Compare(xText, yText
}
}

-2-5-15 TreeView
TreeView
. .
TreeNode Nodes . 13-15 TreeView
ListView .
13-15

TreeNode
TreeNode . Tag Text

ImageIndex . Text
TreeView Tag . object .
ImageIndex ImageList TreeView .
.
TreeNode
) 3-15 (.
242

3-15

BackColor, .
ForeColor
Expand(),
)(Collapse

FirstNode, .
LastNode,
NextNode,
PrevNode
Index

.
.

Parent .

Nodes.Add(),
Nodes.Remove(),
Nodes.Insert(),
)(Nodes.Clear

Nodes Insert .

Clear .

)( Clone .
TreeView TreeNode TreeView .

Insert Add Clone 14-15 .
1TreeView .
;TreeNode tNode
// Add parent node to treeView1 control
;)"tNode = treeView1.Nodes.Add("A
// Add child node: two overloads available
;))"tNode.Nodes.Add(new TreeNode("C
;))"tNode.Nodes.Add("D
// Insert node after C
;))"tNode.Nodes.Insert(1,new TreeNode("E
// Add parent node to treeView1 control
;)"tNode = treeView1.Nodes.Add("B

14-15

A B .
A B . A [0.Nodes[1treeView

243

C#

- 09177112161 -

. Add .
.
// Clone first parent node and add to node B
;)(TreeNode clNode = (TreeNode) treeView1.Nodes[0].Clone
;)tNode.Nodes.Add(clNode
// Add and remove node for demonstration purposes
;)"tNode.Nodes.Add("G
;)tNode.Nodes.Remove(tNode.LastNode

TreeView
foreach .
.
)foreach (TreeNode tn in treeView1.Nodes
{
;)MessageBox.Show(tn.Text
// If (tn.IsVisible) true if node is visible
// If (tn.IsSelected) true if node is currently selected
}

treeNode.NextNode.
;]tNode = treeView1.Nodes[0
{ )while (tNode != null
;)MessageBox.Show(tNode.Text
;tNode = tNode.NextNode
}

TreeView AfterSelect
TReeViewEventArgs .
. TreeView . MouseDown
GetNodeAt .
)private void treeView1_MouseDown(object sender, MouseEventArgs e
{
;)TreeNode tn = treeView1.GetNodeAt(e.X, e.Y
)(// You might want to remove the node: tn.Remove
}

TreeView
) (13-15 TreeView
.
ListView .
NET. System.Reflection
. 4-15 TreeView
.
TreeView .
.
244

system.Enum enum
.
using System.Reflection;
//
private void GetEnums()
{
TreeNode tNode=null;
Assembly refAssembly ;
Hashtable ht= new Hashtable(); // Keep track of namespaces
string assem = AssemName.Text; // Textbox with assembly name
tvEnum.Nodes.Clear(); // Remove all nodes from tree
// Load assembly to be probed
refAssembly = Assembly.Load(assem);
foreach (Type t in refAssembly.GetTypes())
{
// Get only types that inherit from System.Enum
if(t.BaseType!=null && t.BaseType.FullName=="System.Enum")
{
string myEnum = t.FullName;
string nSpace =
myEnum.Substring(0,myEnum.LastIndexOf("."));

myEnum= myEnum.Substring(myEnum.LastIndexOf(".")+1) ;
// Determine if namespace in hashtable
if( ht.Contains(nSpace))
{
// Find parent node representing this namespace
foreach (TreeNode tp in tvEnum.Nodes)
{
if(tp.Text == myEnum) { tNode=tp; break;}
}
}
else
{
// Add parent node to display namespace
tNode = tvEnum.Nodes.Add(nSpace);
ht.Add(nSpace,nSpace);
}
// Add Child - name of enumeration
TreeNode cNode = new TreeNode();
cNode.Text= myEnum;
cNode.Tag = t; // Contains specific enumeration
tNode.Nodes.Add(cNode);
}

Assembly Assembly.Load .
. Type Assembly.GetTypes .
refAssembly = Assembly.Load(assem);
foreach (Type t in refAssembly.GetTypes())

enum . Type.FullName
enum Tag Type .

.
. TreeView
. AfterSelect
tvEnum.AfterSelect += new
TreeViewEventHandler(tvEnum_AfterSelect);

245

C#

- 09177112161 -

treeViewEventArgs.Node . Tag

Type GetMembers
MemberInfo . MemberInfo.Name ListView

.
;// ListView lView
;// lView.View = View.List
)private void tvEnum_AfterSelect(Object sender,TreeViewEventArgs e
{
TreeNode tn = e.Node; // Node selected
;ListViewItem lvItem
if(tn.Parent !=null) // Exclude parent nodes
{
lView.Items.Clear(); // Clear ListView before adding items
;Type cNode = (Type) tn.Tag
// Use Reflection to iterate members in a Type
))(foreach (MemberInfo mi in cNode.GetMembers
{
) "__if(mi.MemberType==MemberTypes.Field &&mi.Name != "value
// skip this
{
;)lView.Items.Add(mi.Name
}
}
}
}

-6-15 TimerProgressBar StatusStrip

ProgressBar Timer Timer .
ProgressBar . Timer
ComponentModel.Component .
.
. ProgressBar
) (.
StatusStrip Timer ProgressBar
.
. StatusStrip .
StatusStrip ToolStripItem .

246

StatusStrip
StatusStrip . 15-15
. ) (ToolStripLabel
. ToolStripProgressBar

. ProgressBar ToolStripItem .
StatusStripPanel .
5 .
15-15

5-15 StatusStrip . 0 120

. PerformStep 10 .
.
Timer . Interval
Tick . 5
10 5 .
5-15
// These variables have class scope
;Timer currTimer
;StatusStrip statusStrip1
;StatusStripPanel panel1
;ToolStripProgressBar pb
;DateTime startDate = DateTime.Now
)(private void BuildStrip
{
;)(currTimer = new Timer
;currTimer.Enabled = true
currTimer.Interval = 5000; // Fire tick event every 5 seconds
;)currTimer.Tick += new EventHandler(timer_Tick
// Panel to contain elapsed time
;)(panel1 = new StatusStripPanel
;panel1.BorderStyle = Border3DStyle.Sunken
;"panel1.Text = "00:00:00
;)panel1.Padding = new Padding(2
;"panel1.Name = "clock
panel1.Alignment = ToolStripItemAlignment.Tail; //Right align
// Label to display application status
;)(ToolStripLabel ts = new ToolStripLabel
;"ts.Text = "Running...
// ProgressBar to show time elapsing
;)(pb = new ToolStripProgressBar

247

C#

09177112161 -pb.Step = 10; // Size of each step or increment

;pb.Minimum = 0
pb.Maximum = 120; // Allow 12 steps
// Status strip to contain components
;)(statusStrip1 = new StatusStrip
;statusStrip1.Height = 20
;statusStrip1.AutoSize = true
// Add components to strip
{ ][statusStrip1.Items.AddRange(new ToolStripItem
;) } ts, pb, panel1

;)this.Controls.Add(statusStrip1
}
)private void timer_Tick(object sender, EventArgs e
{
// Get difference between current datetime
// and form startup time
;)TimeSpan ts = DateTime.Now.Subtract(startDate
string elapsed = ts.Hours.ToString("00") + ":" +ts.Minutes.ToString("00") +
;)"":" + ts.Seconds.ToString("00
;((StatusStripPanel)statusStrip1.Items["clock"]).Text= elapsed
// Advance progress bar
;if (pb.Value == pb.Maximum) pb.Value = 0
pb.PerformStep(); // Increment progress bar
}

StatusStripPanel
. Image .
StatusStripPanel ToolStripLabel .
BorderStyle ToolStripLabel .

-7-15
.
TextBox .

. :
-1 .
-2 .
. Control
System.Windows.Forms.UserControl .
-3 Control .
GUI
. .

248

-1-7-15
. TextBox
. NumericTextBox TextBox
. KeyPress
.
class NumericTextBox: TextBox
{
)(public NumericTextBox
{
;)this.KeyPress += new KeyPressEventHandler(TextBoxKeyPress
}
protected void TextBoxKeyPress(object sender,
)KeyPressEventArgs e
{
;if (! char.IsDigit(e.KeyChar)) e.Handled = true
}
}

DLL .

-2-7-15 UserControl
.
. .
.
.
IDE VS.Net .
VS.NET Windows Control Library .
. Windows Application

Add Add

User Control . VS.NET

.

User Control
.
.
: Panel
.
16-15 .

16-15

249

09177112161 - -

C#

. 1UserControl
public class UserControl1 : System.Windows.Forms.UserControl
{
private Panel panel1;
private RadioButton radAgree;
private RadioButton radDisagree;
private RadioButton radUn;
private Label qLabel;
PanelColor . Text SetQ . 6-15
Choices Choice

.
public enum Choices
{
Agree = 1,
DisAgree = 2,
Undecided = 3,
}
public string SetQ
{
set {qLabel.Text = value;}
get {return(qLabel.Text);}
}
public Color PanelColor
{
set {panel1.BackColor= value;}
get {return(panel1.BackColor);}
}
public Choices Choice
{
get
{
Choices usel;
usel = Choices.Undecided;
if (radDisagree.Checked) usel= Choices.DisAgree;
if (radAgree.Checked) usel = Choices.Agree;
return(usel);}
}
}

UserControl
VS.NET
. . Windows Forms
250

Customize ToolBox
.
17-15 . 1Q 2Q
.
;private usercontrol.UserControl1 Q1
;private usercontrol.UserControl1 Q2

17-15

Form.Load . VS.NET
Property Browser .
;"Q1.SetQ = "The economy is performing well
;"Q2.SetQ = "I'm not worried about the budget deficit.
;Q1.PanelColor = Color.Beige

.
. UserControl Choice

.
)private void button1_Click(object sender, System.EventArgs e
{
)foreach (Control ct in this.Controls
{
)if (ct is usercontrol.UserControl1
{
;UserControl1 uc = (UserControl1)ct
// Display control name and user's answer
;))(MessageBox.Show(ct.Name+" "+uc.Choice.ToString
}
}
}

UserControl
VS.NET Property

Browser / . Misc
251

C#

- 09177112161 -

. 1
.
Property Browser
. PanelColor.
[Browsable(true),Category("QControl"),Description("Color of panel behind
])"question block
public Color PanelColor
{
};set {panel1.BackColor = value
};)get {return (panel1.BackColor
}

Browsable . true .
Property

Browser .

.
.

-8-15
GUI NET. .

. ) (MouseDown .
DoDragDrop . :
DragDropEffects
) . 4-15 (.
4-15

All
.
Copy .
Link .
Move .

Category

252

None Graphics
. .
Scroll .
DoDragDrop .
AllowDrop true DragEnter
. DragEnter :
.
DragDrop . ) 18-15 (.
18-15

DragDrop .
.
) -15
19 ( TeamA . Available TeamA .
Available .
19-15

.
Ctrl .
) (lstPlayers MouseDown ) (lstTeamA
DragEnter DragDrop:
=lstPlayers.MouseDown +
;)new MouseEventHandler(Players_MouseDown

253

C#

09177112161 -;)lstTeamA.DragEnter += new DragEventHandler(TeamA_DragEnter

;)lstTeamA.DragDrop += new DragEventHandler(TeamA_Drop

MouseDown ListBox .
DoDragDrop ) Move (Copy
. DragDropEffects FlagsAttribute
. .
.
.
)private void Players_MouseDown(object sender, MouseEventArgs e
{
)if ( lstPlayers.SelectedIndex >=0
{
;string players
;int ndx = lstPlayers.SelectedIndex
;DragDropEffects effect
;)(players = lstPlayers.Items[ndx].ToString
)"" =! if(players
{
// Permit target to move or copy data
effect = lstPlayers.DoDragDrop(players,
;)DragDropEffects.Move | DragDropEffects.Copy
// Remove item from ListBox since move occurred
)if (effect == DragDropEffects.Move
;)lstPlayers.Items.RemoveAt(ndx
}
}
}

DragEnter DragDrop .
DragEventArgs ) . -15
5 (
5-15

. Move .

AllowedEffect

== (if ((e.AllowedEffect & DragDropEffects.Move

(DragDropEffects.Move

Data

IdataObject .
.
GetData GeTDataPresent .
254

.
Effect
KeyState

Shift Ctrl Alt

.
-2

-1

8Shift Ctrl

-4

32 Alt

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X,Y

x y .

Effect Data KeyState :

Data.GetDataPresent DragEnter
.

DragDrop Data.GetData
. DataFormats
.

Efffect DragEnter
. DragDropEffects.None DragDrop .

8-15 .
8-15
enum KeyPushed
{
// Corresponds to DragEventArgs.KeyState values
LeftMouse = 1,
RightMouse = 2,
ShiftKey = 4,
CtrlKey = 8,
MiddleMouse = 16,
AltKey = 32,
}
)private void TeamA_DragEnter(object sender, DragEventArgs e
{
;KeyPushed kp = (KeyPushed) e.KeyState
// Make sure data type is string
)))if (e.Data.GetDataPresent(typeof(string
{
// Only accept drag with left mouse key
)if ((kp & KeyPushed.LeftMouse) == KeyPushed.LeftMouse
{
)if ((kp & KeyPushed.CtrlKey) == KeyPushed.CtrlKey
{
e.Effect = DragDropEffects.Copy; // Copy
}

255

C#

09177112161 -else
{
e.Effect = DragDropEffects.Move; // Move
}
}
else // Is not left mouse key
{
;e.Effect = DragDropEffects.None
}
}
else // Is not a string
{
;e.Effect = DragDropEffects.None
}

}
// Handle DragDrop event
)private void TeamA_Drop(object sender, DragEventArgs e
{
// Add dropped data to TextBox
(lstTeamA.Items.Add
;))(string) e.Data.GetData(DataFormats.Text
}

FlagsAttribute enum KeyState .

and KeyState ( (8CtrlKey CtrlKey Ctrl .
.
.
lstTeamA lstPlayers ListBox . .
: . DataFormats
static . Wave Audio PenData Bitmap
.

-9-15
7-15 PictureBox
. .
;)(tn1 = new PictureBox
;)"tn1.Image = Image.FromFile("c:\\schiele1.jpg

.jpg1schiele .
:
.
.
GUI .
.
.
.
NET. .
.
256

1
.

.

-1-9-15
: * txt. / * resx. XML
* resources. . .
XML XML .
.
resources . 20-15 resources .
System.Resources .
.

20-15

. .

. English English .
German German .
.
-1 / .
.
);German version (this is a comment
Sattelite

257

C#

09177112161 -Language=German
Select=Whlen Sie aus
Page=Seite
Previous=Vorherig
Next=Nchst

-2 Resource File Generator Resources .

resgen.exe:
> resgen german.txt german.resources

8UTF- resgen .
-3 System.Resources.ResourceManager .
ResourceManager : .
Assembly System.Reflection
. GetString
.
)// new ResourceManager(resource file, assembly
ResourceManager rm = new
;))(ResourceManager("german",Assembly.GetExecutingAssembly
;)"nxtButton.Text= rm.GetString("Next

-4 .
.
csc /t:exe /resource:german.resources myApp.cs

ResourceWriter Resources.
.
.
Resources System.Resources.ResourceWriter .
. ResourceWriter
AddResource .
;)"IResourceWriter writer = new ResourceWriter("myResources.resources
// .Resources output file
;)"Image img = Image.FromFile(@"c:\schiele1.jpg
rw.AddResource("Page","Seite"); // Add string
rw.AddResource("artistwife",img); // Add image
rw.Close(); // Flush resources to the file

ResourceManager
ResourceManager
. .
;)"tn1.Image = Image.FromFile("C:\\schiele1.jpg

ResourceManager .
. GetString GetObject .
ResourceManager rm = new ResourceManager("myresources",
;))(Assembly.GetExecutingAssembly
// Extract image from resources in assembly
;)"tn1.Image = (Bitmap) rm.GetObject("artistwife

258

ResXResourceWriter resx.
ResXResourceWriter ResourceWriter resx.
XML .
. Resource .
;)"ResXResourceWriter rwx = new ResXResourceWriter(@"c:\myresources.resx
;)"Image img = Image.FromFile(@"c:\schiele1.jpg
rwx.AddResource("artistwife",img); // Add image
rwx.Generate(); // Flush all added resources to the file

XML / .
)( . myresources.resx
.
<data name="face" type="System.Drawing.Bitmap, System.Drawing,
Version=1,0,3300,0,Culture=neutral,
PublicKeyToken=b03f5f7f11d50a3a" mimetype="application/xmicrosoft.
>"net.object.bytearray.base64
<value> ---- Actual Image bytes go here ---></value

: resx.
.

ResXResourceReader resx.
ResXResourceReader ) IdictionaryEnumerator(
resx. . .
;)"ResXResourceReader rrx = new ResXResourceReader("c:\\myresources.resx
// Enumerate the collection of tags
)foreach (DictionaryEntry de in rrx
{
MessageBox.Show("Name: "+de.Key.ToString()+"\nValue: " +
;))(de.Value.ToString
// Output --> Name: artistwife
// --> Value: System.Drawing.Bitmap
}
;)(rrx.Close

resx. resources.
resgen.exe resx. resources. .
resgen myresources.resx myresources.resources

. resources.
resx. . .

VS.NET-2-9-15
VS.NET resx. .
Show All File Solution Explorer .

259

C#

- 09177112161 -

resources. resx. .
ResourceManager .
;))ResourceManager resources = new ResourceManager(typeof(Form1

NET. .

. NET. .
.
German French .
.
CultureInfo .
DLL .

VS.NET
Localizable true .
resx. .
resx. .
) .(en-us
. .
. MSDN CultureInfo
.
.
21-15

properties Language
. resx.
.
. 21-15
) 22-15( . DLL

22-15
260

CurrentThread.CurrentUICulture
. ResourceManager
. )
( . .
: CurrentUICulture
. ()InitializeComponent German
.
= System.Threading.Thread.CurrentThread.CurrentUICulture
;)"new System.Globalization.CultureInfo("de-DE

VS.NET

.
.
resx. French Canadian .
:
-1 resx. resources. .
filmography.Form1.fr-CA.resources

-2 (Assembly Linker (Al.exe resources.

.
Al.exe
/t:lib
/embed:filmography.Form1.fr-CA.resources
/culture:fr-CA
/out:filmography.resources.dll

fr-CA Release .

.

-10-15

50 GUI NET FCL. .

261

C#

- 09177112161 -

.
System.Windows.Forms.Control Control
.

CheckBox Button RadioButton

. Panel GroupBox .

TextBox .
.

PictureBox SizeMode
.

ListBox . ComboBox
. .

TreeView ListView .

ListView .

TreeView .

. DoDragDrop
.

NET. .

.

262

Open .

Save .

Font .

Color .

Print .

VC 2005 .
.

.

.

-1-16 MessageBox
MessageBox
. " .

.
OK .

1-16 .
.

C#

- 09177112161 -

1-16

.
. ) (
) (
. OK Cancel
.
.

.
.
MessageBox .
Show .

. .
1-16 . 1-16
. "
:
1-16

Asterisk Information

Error Hand Stop

Exclamation Warning

Question

None

:
. 2-16
:
2-16

AbortRetryIgnore Retry Abort Ignore.

Ok

Ok
264


OkCancel
RetryCancel
YesNo

Ok Cancel.
Retry Cancel.
Yes No.

YesNoCancel

Yes No Cancel.

:

.
.
Enter .
MessageBoxDefaultButton 3-16 :
3-16

Button1

Button2

Button3

. Yes No Cancel
Cancel .
Yes No Yes .

MessageBoxOptions

4-16 :

RightAlign

RTLReading

.
)
(. .

Show
Show MessageBox .
Show 2-16 .
265

C#

- 09177112161 -

. .
.
MessageBox.Show("My Text", "My Caption", MessageBoxButtons.OKCancel,
;)MessageBoxIcon.Information,MessageBoxDefaultButton.Button1

2-16
Show
MessageBox .
.
.
:
)MessageBox.Show(Text
)MessageBox.Show(Text,Caption
)MessageBox.Show(Text,Caption,Button
)MessageBox.Show(Text,Caption,Button,Icon
)MessageBox.Show(Text,Caption,Button,Icon,DefaultButton

Text
. :
:Caption .
.
:Button MessageBoxButtons . .
Ok .
:Icon MessageBoxIcon .
.
:DefaultButton MessageBoxDefaultButton
.
.
Show DialogResult .
. 5-16
DialogResult .
5-16

266


Abort

Abort Abort
.

Cancel

Cancel
Cancel .

Ignore

Ignore Ignore
.

No

No
No

.
None

None .
.

OK

Ok
Ok .

Retry

Retry Retry

.
Yes

Yes Yes .

.
.
.
-1-16
2005VS (1 Windows Application SimpleMessageBox

.
(2 Text SimpleMessageBox .
(3 Button Name btnShow
Text Show .
(4 Label .
. Name lblResult Text NothingClicked .
3-16.

3-16

267

C#

- 09177112161 -

(5 Show Click .
.
)private void btnShow_Click(object sender, EventArgs e
{
if ( MessageBox.Show("Your Internet Connection will be closed now!","Dial-Up
Networking Notification",MessageBoxButtons.OKCancel, MessageBoxIcon.None,
)MessageBoxDefaultButton.Button1) == DialogResult.OK
{
;"!lblResult.Text = "OK Clicked
// Call some method here...
}
else
{
;"!lblResult.Text = "Cancel Clicked
// Call some method here...
}
}

(6 Show . 4-16 .

4-16
(7 Ok Cancel .
.
\ .
n .
:
.

.
.

-2-16 OpenFileDialog
"
.

268

NET. OpenFileDialog : .SaveFileDialog

OpenFileDialog SaveFileDialog
.
Word Paint ...
.
.
. NET Open OpenFileDialog .
NET.
.
.
Dialogs
.
Properties .
OpenFileDialog .
.
.
OpenFileDialog . "
.
Open ShowDialog OpenFileDialog
6-16 .

6-16

OpenFileDialog
6-16 Open ."
)
NotePad (
269

C#

- 09177112161 -

.
.
.
. 6-16
:
6-16

AddExtension

SaveFileDialog

.
CheckFileExist

CheckPathExist

DefaultExt

DereferenceLinks
) ( true ).(false
FileName

FileNames

.
- .

Filter

Open

.
.
InitialDirectory Open .
MultiSelect

ReadOnlyChecked

Readonly Open

RestoreDirectory Open

ShowHelp

Help Open

ShowReadOnly

-
270

Title

Open
.

ValidateNames

OpenFileDialog
OpenFileDialog
ShowDialog . :

:Dispose .

:OpenFile Open - .
FileName .

: Reset OpenFileDialog .

:ShowDialog Open .

ShowDialog .
.
Open
. :
;)(openFileDialog1.ShowDialog

DialogResult OK Cancel . OK
Open Cancel Cancel .
.
.
OpenFileDialog .

OpenFileDialog
OpenFileDialog
.
OpenFileDialog
TextBox .
-2-16 OpenFileDialog

(1 2005VS Dialog .
(2 Dialogs.cs .
(3 Properties :
271

C#

- 09177112161 -

Size 304-456 .

StartPositio CenterScreen .

Text Dialogs .

(4 TextBox .
Button Open .
TextBox Button :

Name TextBox txtFile Anchor Left Bottom Top

Right Location 8-8 MultiLine true

ScrollBars Vertical Size 264-352 .

Name btnOpen Text Open Anchor

Top-Right Location 8-367 .

(5
7-16 .

7-16
: Anchor
.
(6 Dialogs FileOpenDialog .
VS .
Properties . "
.
.
(7
. Open :
public partial class Dialogs : Form
{
// Declare variables
;private string strFileName

272

(8 Open btnOpen .
.
.
)private void btnOpen_Click(object sender, EventArgs e
{
// Set the OpenFileDialog properties
;"*openFileDialog1.Filter = "Text files (*.txt) |*.txt|" + " All files (*.*) |*.
;openFileDialog1.FilterIndex = 1
;"openFileDialog1.Title = "Demo Open File Dialog
// Show the OpenFileDialog and if the user clicks the
// Open button, load the file
)if (openFileDialog1.ShowDialog() == DialogResult.OK
{
// Save the file name
;strFileName = openFileDialog1.FileName
// Read the contents of the file
;)txtFile.Text =System.IO.File.ReadAllText(strFileName
}
}

(9 Open
Open . .
Files Of Type .
.
(10 .
Open 8-16 .
(11 " . Open .
Open .

Filter .
:Files Of Type .
)|(
.
.

273

C#

- 09177112161 -

8-16
// Set the OpenFileDialog properties
;"*openFileDialog1.Filter ="Text files (*.txt) |*.txt| All files (*.*) |*.

FilterIndex
. 1
.
;openFileDialog1.FilterIndex = 1

Title Open :
;"openFileDialog1.Title = "Demo Open File Dialog

Open Show . DialogResult

DialogResult.Ok DialogResult.Cancel . Open
Open DialogResult.Ok .
Cancel DialogResult.Cancel .
// Show the OpenFileDialog and if the user clicks the
// Open button, load the file
)if (openFileDialog1.ShowDialog() == DialogResult.OK

-3-16 SaveFileDialog
OpenFileDialog
SaveFileDialog
. OpenFileDialog
. SaveFileDialog
.
.
SaveFileDialog . SaveFileDialog OpenFileDialog

.
." OpenFileDialog

.

SavefileDialog
7-16 SaveFileDialog .
) (
.
7-16

274

Createprompt

OverWritePrompt

ResotreDirectory

Save

OpenFileDialog.

SaveFileDialog
SaveFileDialog OpenFileDialog .
OpenFileDialog . OpenFileDialog

ShowDialog Save .

SaveFileDialog
SaveFileDialog .
TextBox .
SaveFileDialog SaveFile
TextBox . .
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(1 " .
(2 Button .
Name btnSave .
Text Save .
Anchor Top-Right .
Location 38-367 .
(3 Dialogs SaveFileDialog .
(4 btnSave .
:
)private void btnSave_Click(object sender, EventArgs e
{
// Set the save dialog properties
;"saveFileDialog1.DefaultExt = "txt
;saveFileDialog1.FileName = strFileName
;"*saveFileDialog1.Filter ="Text files (*.txt)|*.txt|All files (*.*)|*.
;saveFileDialog1.FilterIndex = 1
;saveFileDialog1.OverwritePrompt = true

275

C#

- 09177112161 -

;"saveFileDialog1.Title = "Demo Save File Dialog

// Show the Save file dialog and if the user clicks
the // Save button, save the file
)if (saveFileDialog1.ShowDialog() == DialogResult.OK
{
// Save the file name
;strFileName = saveFileDialog1.FileName
// Write the contents of the text box in file
;)System.IO.File.WriteAllText(strFileName, txtFile.Text
}
}
(5 .

Save . Save .
(6 ok . TextBox
. Open
" .
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Save ." .
9-16 .
Yes
. NO Save .
9-16

: Save Open
.
.
WinZip WinRar .

DefaultExt .

" saveFileDialogl.DefaultExt= " txt
OverwritePrompt Boolean . true
.
false
.
;saveFileDialog1.OverwritePrompt = true

276

-4-16 FontDialog

.
FontDialog .
.
OpenFileDialog SaveFileDialog FontDialog
.
.

FontDialog
8-16 FontDialog .
8-16

AllowScriptChange

Script
Script
true
Script .

Color

Font

FontMustExist

MaxSize

MinSize

ShowApply

Apply

ShowColor

ShowEffects

ShowHelp

Help
277

C#

- 09177112161 -

FontDialog
FontDialog ShowDialog
Reset
.

FontDialog
FontDialog ShowDialog
.
;)(fontDialog1.ShowDialog
10-16 .

10-16

Effects
. ShowEffects true

. Color . ShowColor
false . ShowDialog true

.
;fontDialog1.ShowColor = true
;)(fontDialog1.ShowDialog
ShowDialog ShowDialog DialogResult

. DialogResult.Ok DialogResult.Cancel.
OK Color
Font FontDialog
.
.
.
278

TextBox .
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(1" .
(2 Button :

Name btnFont .

Anchor Top-Right .

Anchor 68-367 .

Text Font .

(3 FontDialog .
Dialog FontDialog . FontDialog

.
.
(4 btnFont .
:
)private void btnFont_Click(object sender, EventArgs e
{
// Set the FontDialog control properties
;fontDialog1.ShowColor = true
// Show the Font dialog
)if (fontDialog1.ShowDialog() == DialogResult.OK
{
// If the OK button was clicked set the font
// in the text box on the form
;txtFile.Font = fontDialog1.Font
// Set the color of the font in the text box
// on the form
;txtFile.ForeColor = fontDialog1.Color
}
}
(5 . Font Font

11-16 . TextBox OK .
(6 . .
(7 Open .
Open Open . .
.
11-16

279

C#

- 09177112161 -

-5-16 ColorDialog
.
TextBox 2005VS .
font ColorDialog .
ColorDialog
.
ColorDialog 12-16 48
.
12-16

280

Define Custom Colors

.
) .( 13-16

ColorDialog
. . 9-16
:
9-16

AllowFullOpen

Custom Color
. false
Define Custom Colors .

AnyColor

Color

CustomColors

Custom Color
.

FullOpen

Color Custom Color

ShowHelp

Help Color
13-16

.
.
281

C#

- 09177112161 -

ColorDialog ShowDialog .
. .

ColorDialog
Color ShowDialog :
;)(colorDialog1.ShowDialog

DialogResult OK
.Cancel
Color
. .
TextBox :
;txtFile.ForeColor = colorDialog1.Color
.
-5-16 ColorDialog

(1 Dialogs forml.
(2 Button
:

Name btncolor .

Anchor Top-Right .

Location 98-367 .

Text color .

(3 Dialogs ColorDialog .
.
(4 btnColor click .
.
)private void btnColoe_Click(object sender, EventArgs e
{
// Show the Color dialog
)if (colorDialog1.ShowDialog() == DialogResult.OK
{
// Set the BackColor property of the form
;this.BackColor = colorDialog1.Color
}
}
(5 . .

(6 . Color color .
Define Custom Colors
. OK .
282

(7 Ok Color .
(8 Font Color
. ColorDialog .
"
.

-6-16 PrintDialog
" .
.
NET. .
2005#VC PrintDialog .

. .
14-16
PrintDialog .
Print Ok Cancel .
ShowDialog DialogResult.Ok DialogResult.Cancel
if .
14-16

283

C#

- 09177112161 -

PrintDialog
10-16 PrintDialog :
10-16

AllowPrintTofile

Print To File

AllowSelection

Selectin

AllowSomePages

Pages

Document
PrinterSettings

.
.

PrintToFile

Print To File

ShowHelp

Help

ShowNetwork

Network print

PrintDialog
Print ShowDialog . print
14-16 . PrintDialog
. print :
;()PrintDialog.ShowDialog

-1-6-16 PrintDocument
ShowDialog PrintDialog Document
PrintDialog PrintDocument .
PrintDocument )
( . System.Drawing.Printing

.
using .

PrintDocument
PrintDocument 11-16
.
11-16

DefaultPageSettings ) (
284

.
DocumentName

.
Print Status
.

PrintController

PrintController
.

PrinterSettings

Print PrintDocument PrinterSettings
.
PrintPage PrintDocument . Print
.
. StreamReader
.
6-16 PrintDocument
.
-6-16 PrintDialog

(1 VS.NET Dialogs .
(2 Button
:

Name btnPrint .

Anchor Top-Right .

Location 128-367 .

Text Print .

(3 Printing PrintDialog .
.
(4 using :
;using System.IO
;using System.Drawing.Printing

(5 .
// Declare variables
;private string strFileName
;private StreamReader objStreamToPrint
;private Font objPrintFont

285

09177112161 - -

C#

btnPrint ( 6
. .
private void btnPrint_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
{
// Declare an object for the PrintDocument class
PrintDocument objPrintDocument = new PrintDocument();
// Set the DocumentName property
objPrintDocument.DocumentName = "Text File Print
Demo";
// Set the PrintDialog properties
printDialog1.AllowPrintToFile = false;
printDialog1.AllowSelection = false;
printDialog1.AllowSomePages = false;
// Set the Document property for
// the objPrintDocument object
printDialog1.Document = objPrintDocument;
// Show the Print dialog
if (printDialog1.ShowDialog() == DialogResult.OK)
{
// If the user clicked on the OK button
// If the user clicked on the OK button
// then set the StreamReader object to
// the file name in the strFileName variable
objStreamToPrint = new StreamReader(strFileName);
// Set the printer font
objPrintFont = new Font("Arial", 10);
// Set the PrinterSettings property of the
// objPrintDocument Object to the
// PrinterSettings property returned from the
// PrintDialog control
objPrintDocument.PrinterSettings =
printDialog1.PrinterSettings;
// Add an event handler for the PrintPage event
of
// the objPrintDocument object
objPrintDocument.PrintPage +=
new PrintPageEventHandler(prtPage);
// Print the text file
objPrintDocument.Print();
// Clean up
objStreamToPrint.Close();
objStreamToPrint = null;
}
}

.( 7
private void prtPage(object sender, PrintPageEventArgs e)
{
// Declare variables
float sngLinesPerpage = 0;
float sngVerticalPosition = 0;
int intLineCount = 0;
float sngLeftMargin = e.MarginBounds.Left;
float sngTopMargin = e.MarginBounds.Top;
string strLine;
// Work out the number of lines per page.
// Use the MarginBounds on the event to do this
sngLinesPerpage = e.MarginBounds.Height /
objPrintFont.GetHeight(e.Graphics);

286


// Now iterate through the file printing out each
line.
// This assumes that a single line is not wider than
// the page width. Check intLineCount first so that we
// dont read a line that we wont print
strLine = objStreamToPrint.ReadLine();
while((intLineCount < sngLinesPerpage) &&
(strLine != null))
{
// Calculate the vertical position on the page
sngVerticalPosition = sngTopMargin +
(intLineCount * objPrintFont.GetHeight(e.Graphics));
// Pass a StringFormat to DrawString for the
// Print Preview control
e.Graphics.DrawString(strLine, objPrintFont,
Brushes.Black, sngLeftMargin,
sngVerticalPosition,
new StringFormat());
// Increment the line count
intLineCount = intLineCount + 1;
// If the line count is less than the lines per
// page then read another line of text
if (intLineCount < sngLinesPerpage)
{
strLine = objStreamToPrint.ReadLine();
}
}
// If we have more lines then print another page
if (strLine != null)
{
e.HasMorePages = true;
}
else
{
e.HasMorePages = false;
}
}

start .( 8
.
. Open ( 9
. 15-16 Print print
. pages selection Print To File
AllowSelection ShowDialog
. false AllowSomePages AllowPrintToFile
. 15-16
. Print ( 10
15-16

287

C#

- 09177112161 -

PrintDocument . :
;()PrintDocument objPrintDocument = new PrintDocument

DocumentName .
.
.
;"objPrintDocument.DocumentName = "Text File Print Demo

PrintDialog .
Print To File Selection Pages
Print . false :
;printDialog.AllowPrintToFile = false
;printDialog.AllowSelection = false
;printDialog.AllowSomePages = false

Print
. Document PrintDialog PrintDocument
.
;printDialog.Document = objPrintDocument

Print . ShowDialog
. DialogResult .
Print DialogResult.Cancel . if

.
Print strFileName
. StreamReader .
288

. strFileName
.
;)objStreamToPrint = new StreamReader(strFileName

. Font Arial
10 .
;)objPrintFont = new Font("Arial",

.
Button
. .
.
Button .
.
PrintDocument
PrintPage .
PrintPage .
PrintPage . prtPage PrintPage

:
;)objPrintDocument.PrintPage += new PrintPageEventHandler(prtPage

PrintDocument .
Print . Print

PrinterSettings

objprintDocument.PrinterSettings .
;objPrintDocument.PrinterSettings =printDialog.PrinterSettings

Print . PrintPage
prtPage .
;)(objPrintDocument.Print

PrintPage . )
void .(. .
. sender Object .
. prtPage PrintPage
)private void prtPage(object sender, PrintPageEventArgs e

.
. sngLeftMargin sngTopMargin
printPageEventArgs .
;float sngLinesPerpage =
;float sngVerticalPosition =
;int intLineCount =
;float sngLeftMargin = e.MarginBounds.Left

289

C#

09177112161 -;float sngTopMargin = e.MarginBounds.Top

;string strLine

.
) ( .
MarginBounds.Height e printPageEventArgs )
(.
PrintDialog PrinterSettings .
PrinterSettings
objPrintDocument . objPrintDocumenr PrintPage
PrintPageEventArgs .
sngLinesPerpage = e.MarginBounds.Height /
;)objPrintFont.GetHeight(e.Graphics

sngLinesPerPage .
.
.

. strLine
:
;)(strLine = objStreamToPrint.ReadLine
=! while((intLineCount < sngLinesPerpage) && (strLine
))null
{

.
.
:
sngVerticalPosition = sngTopMargin +
;))(intLineCount * objPrintFont.GetHeight(e.Graphics

" DrawString Graphics .

Graphics printPageEventArgs .
DrawString :
) Brushes .(.
.
StringFormat .
e.Graphics.DrawString(strLine, objPrintFont,
Brushes.Black, sngLeftMargin,
sngVerticalPosition,
;))(new StringFormat

:
;intLineCount = intLineCount +

strLine :
)if (intLineCount < sngLinesPerpage
{
;)(strLine = objStreamToPrint.ReadLine

290

" .
. HasMorePages
false Print PrintPage .
HasMorePages true . print
PrintPage prtPage .
)if (strLine != null
{
;e.HasMorePages = true
}
else
{
;e.HasMorePages = false
}

Print
btnPrint-Click .
.
;)(objStreamToPrint.Close
;objStreamToPrint = null

-7-16 FolderBrowserDialog
.

. FolderBrowserDialog

Browse For

Folder .
.
FolderBrowser
. 16-16 FolderBrowser ) (
. Make New Folder
.
16-16

291

C#

- 09177112161 -

FolderBrowser
.
12-16 .
12-16

Description
RootFolder

.

.

SelectedPath

ShowNewFolderButton Make New Folder

Folder Browser " .
ShowDialog
. .

FolderBrowser
Browse For Folder
. " .
Description .
ShowDialog .
RootFolder .
. Environment.SpecialFolder
292


My Documents

. ShowNewFolderButton .
true Make New Folder
.
= folderBrowserDialog.Description
;""Select a folder for your backups:
= folderBrowserDialog.RootFolder
;Environment.SpecialFolder.MyComputer
;folderBrowserDialog.ShowNewFolderButton = false

ShowDialog Browse For Folder :

;)(folderBrowserDialog.ShowDialog

DialogResult . if
.
SelectedPath .
. temp c c:\temp
.
;strFileName = folderBrowserDialog.SelectedPath

" Dialogs Browse For Folder .

TextBox .
-7-16 FolderBrowser

(1 Dialogs.
(2 Button
:

Name btnBrowse .

Text Browse.

Location 158-367.

Anchor Top'Right .

(3 FolderBrowserDialog .
Dialogs FolderBrowserDialog .
.
(4 btnBrowse Click .
:
)private void btnBrowse_Click(object sender, EventArgs e
{
// Set the FolderBrowserDialog control properties
= folderBrowserDialog.Description
;""Select a folder for your backups:
= folderBrowserDialog.RootFolder
;Environment.SpecialFolder.MyComputer
;folderBrowserDialog.ShowNewFolderButton = false
// Show the Browse For Folder dialog

293

C#

09177112161 -== )(if (folderBrowserDialog.ShowDialog

)DialogResult.OK
{
// Display the selected folder
;txtFile.Text = folderBrowserDialog.SelectedPath
}
}

(5 . Start .
(6 Browse . Browse For Folder
17-16 .
17-16

(7 Ok .
18-16 .
18-16

-8-16

2005#C .

294

FontDialog SaveFileDialog OpenFileDialog MassageBox

.FolderBrowserDialog PrintDialog ColorDialog

.

.

new .

.
.

295

as is

1 .

.
.
interface
.

. .
.
.
.
.

: #C
.

Interface

is-a .
.
. CanBeBoughtWithABigLoan .
.
.

-1-17
.
[attributes] [access-modifier] interface interface-name[:base}list]{interface-body

. .

internal

,protected, private, public protected internal . interface

. I .
Base-list .
:Interface-body .

IStorable.
()Read(),Write Interface-body .
interface IStorable
{
;)(void Read
;)void Write(object
}

.
: Document Document
. IStorable Document .
Document IStorable .
public class Document : IStorable
{
}public void Read() {...
}public void Write(object obj) {...
// ...
}
Document IStorable

. Document IStorable IStorable

. 1-17 Document IStorable
.
1-17
#region Using directives
;using System
;using System.Collections.Generic

297

09177112161 - using System.Text;

#endregion
namespace SimpleInterface
{
// declare the interface
interface IStorable
{
// no access modifiers, methods are public
// no implementation
void Read( );
void Write( object obj );
int Status { get; set; }
}
// create a class which implements the IStorable interface
public class Document : IStorable
{
// store the value for the property
private int status = ;
public Document( string s )
{
Console.WriteLine( "Creating document with: {}", s );
}
// implement the Read method
public void Read( )
{
Console.WriteLine(
"Implementing the Read Method for IStorable" );
}
// implement the Write method
public void Write( object o )
{
Console.WriteLine(
"Implementing the Write Method for IStorable" );
}
// implement the property
public int Status
{
get
{
return status;
}
set
{
status = value;
}
}
}
// Take our interface out for a spin
public class Tester
{
static void Main( )
{
// access the methods in the Document object
Document doc = new Document( "Test Document" );
doc.Status = -;
doc.Read( );
Console.WriteLine( "Document Status: {}", doc.Status );
}
}
}
Output:
Creating document with: Test Document
Implementing the Read Method for IStorable
Document Status: -

298

C#

1-17 IStorable ()Read ()Write integer

Status . ()get ()set
.
{get ; set

Status

{; int

.
. public
. .
.
Document .
()Write ()Read Status . Document
. IStorable Status .
Document ) ( .
.

-1-1-17
. Document
IStorable ICompressible .
.
.
public class Document : IStorable, ICompressible

Document ICompressible .
)(public void Compress
{
;)"Console.WriteLine("Implementing the Compress Method
}
) (public void Decompress
{
;)"Console.WriteLine("Implementing the Decompress Method
}

-2-1-17
.
ICompressible ILoggedCompressible
.
interface ILoggedCompressible : ICompressible
{
;)(void LogSavedBytes
}

IloggedCompressible ICompressible
. ILoggedCompressible

299

09177112161 - -

C#

ICompressible ILoggedCompressible .
.
-3-1-17
.
. IStorableCompressible
.
interface IStorableCompressible : IStorable, ILoggedCompressible
{
void LogOriginalSize();
}

. :2-17
2-17
#region Using directives
using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Text;
#endregion
namespace ExtendAndCombineInterface
{
interface IStorable
{
void Read( );
void Write( object obj );
int Status { get; set; }
}
// here's the new interface
interface ICompressible
{
void Compress( );
void Decompress( );
}
// Extend the interface
interface ILoggedCompressible : ICompressible
{
void LogSavedBytes( );
}
// Combine Interfaces
interface IStorableCompressible : IStorable, ILoggedCompressible
{
void LogOriginalSize( );
}
// yet another interface
interface IEncryptable
{
void Encrypt( );
void Decrypt( );
}
public class Document : IStorableCompressible, IEncryptable
{
// hold the data for IStorable's Status property
private int status = ;
// the document constructor
public Document( string s )
{
Console.WriteLine( "Creating document with: {}", s );
}
// implement IStorable

300


public void Read( )
{
Console.WriteLine(
"Implementing the Read Method for IStorable" );
}
public void Write( object o )
{
Console.WriteLine(
"Implementing the Write Method for IStorable" );
}
public int Status
{
get
{
return status;
}
set
{
status = value;
}
}
// implement ICompressible
public void Compress( )
{
Console.WriteLine( "Implementing Compress" );
}
public void Decompress( )
{
Console.WriteLine( "Implementing Decompress" );
}
// implement ILoggedCompressible
public void LogSavedBytes( )
{
Console.WriteLine( "Implementing LogSavedBytes" );
}
// implement IStorableCompressible
public void LogOriginalSize( )
{
Console.WriteLine( "Implementing LogOriginalSize" );
}
// implement IEncryptable
public void Encrypt( )
{
Console.WriteLine( "Implementing Encrypt" );
}
public void Decrypt( )
{
Console.WriteLine( "Implementing Decrypt" );
}
}
public class Tester
{
static void Main( )
{
// create a document object
Document doc = new Document( "Test Document" );
// cast the document to the various interfaces
IStorable isDoc = doc as IStorable;
if ( isDoc != null )
{
isDoc.Read( );
}
else
Console.WriteLine( "IStorable not supported" );
ICompressible icDoc = doc as ICompressible;

301

09177112161 - -

C#

if ( icDoc != null )
{
icDoc.Compress( );
}
else
Console.WriteLine( "Compressible not supported" );
ILoggedCompressible ilcDoc = doc as ILoggedCompressible;
if ( ilcDoc != null )
{
ilcDoc.LogSavedBytes( );
ilcDoc.Compress( );
// ilcDoc.Read( );
}
else
Console.WriteLine( "LoggedCompressible not supported" );
IStorableCompressible isc = doc as IStorableCompressible;
if ( isc != null )
{
isc.LogOriginalSize( ); // IStorableCompressible
isc.LogSavedBytes( ); // ILoggedCompressible
isc.Compress( ); // ICompressible
isc.Read( ); // IStorable
}
else
{
Console.WriteLine( "StorableCompressible not supported" );
}
IEncryptable ie = doc as IEncryptable;
if ( ie != null )
{
ie.Encrypt( );
}
else
Console.WriteLine( "Encryptable not supported" );
}
}
}
Output:
Creating document with: Test Document
Implementing the Read Method for IStorable
Implementing Compress
Implementing LogSavedBytes
Implementing Compress
Implementing LogOriginalSize
Implementing LogSavedBytes
Implementing Compress
Implementing the Read Method for IStorable
Implementing Encrypt

. Icompressible Istorable 2-17

IStorablecompressible ILoggedCompressible
. IEncryptable
. Document Tester
.
;ICompressibleicDoc = doc as ICompressible
. Icompressible doc
:
ICompressible icDoc = doc;

302


as

null .
;ICompressible icDoc = doc as ICompressible
) if ( icDoc != null
{
;) (icDoc.Compress
}
else
;) "Console.WriteLine( "Compressible not supported

.
;ILoggedCompressible icDoc=doc as ILoggedCompressible

-2-17
IStorable Document:
;)"Document doc = new Document("Test Document
;doc.status = -
;)(doc.Read

Document
.
;IStorable isDoc = doc
;isDoc.status =
;) (isDoc.Read

Document IStorable .
. :
;)(IStorable isDoc = new IStorable

:
;)"Document doc = new Document("Test Document

.
;IStorable isDoc = doc

.
;)"IStorable isDoc = new Document("Test Document

.
.
.

-1-2-17
.
IStorable ICompressible
.
;]Document doc = myCollection[
;IStorable isDoc = (IStorable) doc
;) (isDoc.Read

303

09177112161 - -

C#

ICompressible icDoc = (ICompressible) doc;

icDoc.Compress( );

: IStorable Document
public class Document : IStorable

. ICompressible ICompressible
.
An exception of type System.InvalidCastException was thrown.

is -2-2-17
#C .
. is . is .
expression is type

3-17 . true is type

Document ICompressible IStorable is
.
3-17
#region Using directives
using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Text;
#endregion
namespace IsOperator
{
interface IStorable
{
void Read( );
void Write( object obj );
int Status { get; set; }
}
// here's the new interface
interface ICompressible
{
void Compress( );
void Decompress( );
}
// Document implements IStorable
public class Document : IStorable
{
private int status = ;
public Document( string s )
{
Console.WriteLine(
"Creating document with: {}", s );
}
// IStorable.Read
public void Read( )
{
Console.WriteLine( "Reading...");
}
// IStorable.Write
public void Write( object o )
{
Console.WriteLine( "Writing...");
}

304


// IStorable.Status
public int Status
{
get
{
return status;
}
set
{
status = value;
}
}
}
// derives from Document and implements ICompressible
public class CompressibleDocument : Document, ICompressible
{
public CompressibleDocument(String s) :
base(s)
{ }
public void Compress( )
{
Console.WriteLine("Compressing...");
}
public void Decompress( )
{
Console.WriteLine("Decompressing...");
}
}
public class Tester
{
static void Main( )
{
// A collection of Documents
Document[] docArray = new Document[];
// First entry is a Document
docArray[] = new Document( "Test Document" );
// Second entry is a CompressibleDocument (ok because
// CompressibleDocument is a Document)
docArray[] =
new CompressibleDocument("Test compressibleDocument");
// don't know what we'll pull out of this hat
foreach (Document doc in docArray)
{
// report your name
Console.WriteLine("Got: {}", doc);
// Both pass this test
if (doc is IStorable)
{
IStorable isDoc = (IStorable)doc;
isDoc.Read( );
}
// fails for Document
// passes for CompressibleDocument
if (doc is ICompressible)
{
ICompressible icDoc = (ICompressible)doc;
icDoc.Compress( );
}
}
}
}
}
Output:
Creating document with: Test Document
Creating document with: Test compressibleDocument

305

09177112161 - -

C#

Got: IsOperator.Document
Reading...
Got: IsOperator.CompressibleDocument
Reading...
Compressing...

. if )( Main
if (doc is IStorable)

. if .
. Document
if (doc is ICompressible)

. CompressibleDocument
ICompressible .
. is . ICompressible Document

as -3-2-17
. is as
. null as .
. as
. as .
. as
expression as type

. null as 3-17
static void Main()
{
// A collection of Documents
Document[] docArray = new Document[];
// First entry is a Document
docArray[] = new Document( "Test Document" );
// Second entry is a CompressibleDocument (ok because
// CompressibleDocument is a Document)
docArray[] = new CompressibleDocument("Test compressibleDocument");
// don't know what we'll pull out of this hat
foreach (Document doc in docArray)
{
// report your name
Console.WriteLine("Got: {}", doc);
// Both pass this test
IStorable isDoc = doc as IStorable;
if (isDoc != null)
{
isDoc.Read( );
}
// fails for Document
// passes for CompressibleDocument
ICompressible icDoc = doc as ICompressible;
if (icDoc != null)
{
icDoc.Compress( );
}
}

306

-4-2-17 as is

as .
is .

-5-2-17
. IStorable
.
abstract class Storable
{
;)(abstract public void Read
;) (abstract public void Write
}

Document Storable . List

Storable . ++C StorableList
List Storable #C #C .
#C . Storable
List IStorable . StorableList
.
public class StorableList : List, IStorable
{
// List methods here ...
}public void Read( ) {...
}public void Write(object obj) {...
// ...
}

override-3-17
.
override .
Document IStorable ()Read ()Write virtual
. Document ()Read ()Write
Document .
4-17 3-17 override . ()Read
virtual ()Document.Read Note
override Document.
4-17
#region Using directives
;using System
;using System.Collections.Generic
;using System.Text

307

09177112161 - #endregion
namespace overridingInterface
{
interface IStorable
{
void Read( );
void Write( );
}
// Simplify Document to implement only IStorable
public class Document : IStorable
{
// the document constructor
public Document( string s )
{
Console.WriteLine(
"Creating document with: {}", s );
}
// Make read virtual
public virtual void Read( )
{
Console.WriteLine(
"Document Read Method for IStorable" );
}
// NB: Not virtual!
public void Write( )
{
Console.WriteLine(
"Document Write Method for IStorable" );
}
}
// Derive from Document
public class Note : Document
{
public Note( string s ):
base(s)
{
Console.WriteLine(
"Creating note with: {}", s );
}
// override the Read method
public override void Read( )
{
Console.WriteLine(
"Overriding the Read method for Note!" );
}
// implement my own Write method
public new void Write( )
{
Console.WriteLine(
"Implementing the Write method for Note!" );
}
}
public class Tester
{
static void Main( )
{
// create a document reference to a Note object
Document theNote = new Note( "Test Note" );
IStorable isNote = theNote as IStorable;
if ( isNote != null )
{
isNote.Read( );
isNote.Write( );
}
Console.WriteLine( "\n" );

308

C#

// direct call to the methods

theNote.Read( );
theNote.Write( );
Console.WriteLine( "\n" );
// create a note object
Note note = new Note( "Second Test" );
IStorable isNote = note as IStorable;
if ( isNote != null )
{
isNote.Read( );
isNote.Write( );
}
Console.WriteLine( "\n" );
// directly call the methods
note.Read( );
note.Write( );
}
}
}
Output:
Creating document with: Test Note
Creating note with: Test Note
Overriding the Read method for Note!
Document Write Method for IStorable
Overriding the Read method for Note!
Document Write Method for IStorable
Creating document with: Second Test
Creating note with: Second Test
Overriding the Read method for Note!
Document Write Method for IStorable
Overriding the Read method for Note!
Implementing the Write method for Note!

Document . IStorable Document

virtual . virtual )( Read
. override )( Read Note .
: 4 Write Read Tester

Heap Note Document

. Document
;("Document theNote = new Note("Test Note

: IStorable Document as
IStorable isNote = theNote as IStorable;

)( Write )( Read .)( Write )( Read

Document )( Write Note )( Read .
.( )
309

C#

- 09177112161 -

Note ()Read ()Write .

.
;)"Note note = new Note("Second Test

-4-17

. . .
. 5-17 IStorable
ITalk . ()Read ITalk . ()Read
IStorable .
()Read ) ( Document
. .
)(void ITalk.Read

.
.
) (public void Talk

.
.
) (void ITalk.Read

public.
override virtual abstract new

. .
IStorable.
;) (theDoc.Read

.
;ITalk itDoc = theDoc
;)(itDoc.Read

5-17 .
5-17
#region Using directives
;using System
;using System.Collections.Generic
;using System.Text
#endregion
namespace ExplicitImplementation
{
interface IStorable
{
;) (void Read
;) (void Write

310


}
interface ITalk
{
void Talk( );
void Read( );
}
// Modify Document to implement IStorable and ITalk
public class Document : IStorable, ITalk
{
// the document constructor
public Document( string s )
{
Console.WriteLine( "Creating document with: {}", s );
}
// Make read virtual
public virtual void Read( )
{
Console.WriteLine( "Implementing IStorable.Read" );
}
public void Write( )
{
Console.WriteLine( "Implementing IStorable.Write" );
}
void ITalk.Read( )
{
Console.WriteLine( "Implementing ITalk.Read" );
}
public void Talk( )
{
Console.WriteLine( "Implementing ITalk.Talk" );
}
}
public class Tester
{
static void Main( )
{
// create a document object
Document theDoc = new Document( "Test Document" );
IStorable isDoc = theDoc;
isDoc.Read( );
ITalk itDoc = theDoc;
itDoc.Read( );
theDoc.Read( );
theDoc.Talk( );
}
}
}
Output:
Creating document with: Test Document
Implementing IStorable.Read
Implementing ITalk.Read
Implementing IStorable.Read
Implementing ITalk.Talk

-1-4-17
.
Document .
Document )( Read() , Write . IStorable

.
. IStorable Document API .
IStorable
311

C#

- 09177112161 -

Document ()Read ()Write . 5-17 Document

()Talk Document ()ITalk.Read
.

: virtual
. Note Document ()ITalk.Read .

-2-4-17
. IBase P

.
interface IBase
{
} ;int P { get; set
}

IDerived P ()P .
interface IDerived : IBase
{
;)(new int P
}

.
. .

for the base property

of the derived method

for the base property

of the derived method

for the base property

of the derived method

class myClass : IDerived

{
// explicit implementation
} }int IBase.P { get {...
// implicit implementation
}public int P( ) {...
}
class myClass : IDerived
{
// implicit implementation
} }public int P { get {...
// explicit implementation
}int IDerived.P( ) {...
}
class myClass : Iderived
{
// explicit implementation
} }int IBase.P { get {...
// explicit implementation
}int IDerived.P( ) {...
}

-3-4-17
.
. .
.
.
.
312

IStorable 6-17 .
.
6-17
using System;
#region Using directives
using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Text;
#endregion
namespace ReferencesOnValueTypes
{
// declare a simple interface
interface IStorable
{
void Read( );
int Status { get;set;}
}
// Implement through a struct
public struct myStruct : IStorable
{
public void Read( )
{
Console.WriteLine(
"Implementing IStorable.Read" );
}
public int Status
{
get
{
return status;
}
set
{
status = value;
}
}
private int status;
}
public class Tester
{
static void Main( )
{
// create a myStruct object
myStruct theStruct = new myStruct( );
theStruct.Status = -; // initialize
Console.WriteLine(
"theStruct.Status: {}", theStruct.Status );
// Change the value
theStruct.Status = ;
Console.WriteLine( "Changed object." );
Console.WriteLine(
"theStruct.Status: {}", theStruct.Status );
// cast to an IStorable
// implicit box to a reference type
IStorable isTemp = ( IStorable ) theStruct;
// set the value through the interface reference
isTemp.Status = ;
Console.WriteLine( "Changed interface." );
Console.WriteLine( "theStruct.Status: {}, isTemp: {}",
theStruct.Status, isTemp.Status );
// Change the value again
theStruct.Status = ;

313

C#

09177112161 -;) "Console.WriteLine( "Changed object.

Console.WriteLine( "theStruct.Status: {}, isTemp: {}",
;) theStruct.Status, isTemp.Status
}
}
}
Output:
theStruct.Status: -
Changed object.
theStruct.Status:
Changed interface.
theStruct.Status: , isTemp:
Changed object.
theStruct.Status: , isTemp:

6-17 IStorable ()Read Status .

myStruct .
public struct myStruct : IStorable

Tester . -1 .
Status .
:
theStruct.Status: -

Status . .
Changed object.
theStruct.Status:

. IStorable .
theStruct . Status 4 .
:
Changed interface.
theStruct.Status: , isTemp:

.
.
.
Changed object.
theStruct.Status: , isTemp:

-5-17

.
. public.

314

as is .
. as null.

. IStorable
.

315

:
-

.
. .
.
.
. .
.
:
. .

-1-18
1 .
. .
.
. . .

Delegate

-1-1-18
.
.
. .
API
. .
.

: API .
. NET. API .
. :
StopFolding(); // Folding and shaping machine
FinishWelding(); // Welding machine
PaintOff(); // Painting machine

-2-1-18
:
class Controller
{
...
)(public void ShutDown
{
;)(folder.StopFolding
;)(welder.FinishWelding
;)(painter.PaintOff
}
...
// Fields representing the different machines
;private FoldingMachine folder
;private WeldingMachine welder
;private PaintingMachine painter
}

.
. Controller .

-3-1-18
.
. .
;)(void methodName

.
. :
;)(delegate void stopMachineryDelegate

delegate .
317

C#

- 09177112161 -

.
.

= + .
Controller .
class Controller
{
;)(delegate void stopMachineryDelegate
...
)(public Controller
{
;this.stopMachinery += folder.StopFolding
}
...
private stopMachineryDelegate stopMachinery; // Create an instance of the delegate
}

. . overload +
.
. = + .
. new
:
;)this.stopMachinery = new stopMachineryDelegate(folder.stopFolding

.
)(public void ShutDown
{
;)(this.stopMachinery
...
}

:
NullRefrencException .
. = +
.
)(public Controller
{
;this.stopMachinery += folder.StopFolding
;this.stopMachinery += welder.FinishWelding
;this.stopMachinery += painter.PaintOff
}

()this.stopMachinery ShutDown Controller

. ()ShutDown .
= - .
;this.stopMachinery -= folder.StopFolding

318

. Controller
. .
:

public .
;public stopMachineryDelegate stopMachinery

private .
public .
;)(public delegate void stopMachineryDelegate
...
public stopMachineryDelegate StopMachinery
{
get
{
;return this.stopMachinery
}
set
{
;this.stopMachinery = value
}
}

Remove Add . Add

Remove .
)public void Add(stopMachineryDelegate stopMethod
{
;this.stopMachinery += stopMethod
}
)public void Remove(stopMachineryDelegate stopMethod
{
;this.stopMachinery -= stopMethod
}

Remove/ Add .
Controller .
Control .
;)(Controller control = new Controller
;)(FoldingMachine folder = new FoldingMachine
;)(WeldingMachine welder = new WeldingMachine
;)(PaintingMachine painter = new PaintingMachine
...
;)control.Add(folder.StopFolding
;)control.Add(welder.FinishWelding
;)control.Add(painter.PaintOff
...
;)(control.ShutDown
...

-4-1-18
.
StopFolding Folder stopMachinery .
:
;this.stopMachinery += folder.StopFolding

319

C#

- 09177112161 -

.
StopFolding .
void StopFolding(int shutDownTime); // Shut down within the
specified number of seconds

FinishWelding PaintOff .
.

StopFolding .
:
)(void FinishFolding
{
folder.StopFolding(); // Shutdown immediately
}

: FinishFolding .
.
.
StopFolding #C .
.

. . .

. FinishFolding .
StopFolding .
. }{ delegate .
StopFolding StopMachinery .
;} ;)this.stopMachinery += delegate { folder.StopFolding(

FinishFolding.
. :
;) } ;)control.Add(delegate { folder.StopFolding(

}{ delegate . :
control.Add(delegate(int param, string param) { /* code that uses param
;)} and param ...

.
.

320

= - .
. .
#C .
.
.
.
1 . .

.
.

: StopMachinery )
( . .NET

.
NET. .

-2-18
.
.
.
.
. 3 .
) (.
. .
event .
: StopMachineryDelegate .
TemperatureMonitor .
class TemperatureMonitor
{
;)(public delegate void StopMachineryDelegate
...
}
Captured

Trap

Subscriber

321

C#

- 09177112161 -

MachineOverheating StopMachineryDelegate .
class TemperatureMonitor
{
;)(public delegate void StopMachineryDelegate
;public event StopMachineryDelegate MachineOverheating
...
}

TemperatureMonitor MachineOverheating .
.
.

-1-2-18
= + . = + .
MachineOverheating
.
;)(= new TemperatureMonitor
;} )+= delegate { folder.StopFolding(
;+= welder.FinishWelding
;+= painter.PaintOff

TemperatureMonitor tempMonitor
...
tempMonitor.MachineOverheating
tempMonitor.MachineOverheating
tempMonitor.MachineOverheating

.
. tempMonitor.MachineOverheating
.

-2-2-18
= + .
= - . = -
. .

-3-2-18
.
. tempretuerMonitor
Notify MachineryOverheating .
class TemperatureMonitor
{
;public delegate void StopMachinerDelegate
;public event StopMachineryDelegate MachineOverheating
...
)(private void Notify
{
)if (this.MachineOverheating != null
{
;)(this.MachineOverheating
}
}
...
}

322

. null null
= + null . null .
NullReferenceException .
.

-3-18 GUI
.NET GUI
. Button Control . Click EventHandler
. . EventHandler .
EventArgs .
namespace System
{
; )public delegate void EventHandler(object sender, EventArgs args
public class EventArgs
{
...
}
}
namespace System.Windows.Forms
{
public class Control :
{
;public event EventHandler Click
...
}
public class Button : Control
{
...
}

Button Click .
.
okay okay_Click Click okay okay_Click
.
class Example : System.Windows.Forms.Form
{
;private System.Windows.Forms.Button okay
...
)(public Example
{
;)(this.okay = new System.Windows.Forms.Button
;)this.okay.Click += new System.EventHandler(this.okay_Click
...
}
)private void okay_Click(object sender, System.EventsArgs args
{
// Your code to handle the Click event
}
}

IDE IDE VS.NET

.

323

C#

- 09177112161 -

: .
.
;)this.okay.Click += new System.EventHandler (this.okay_Click

;this.okay.Click += this.okay_Click
2005VS . GUI

. void
. EventArgs.
sender .
sender .
Click . sender
.

delegate
.
;)(delegate void stopMachineryDelegate

:
;private stopMachineryDelegate stopMachinery
;()stopMachinery

.
;)this.stopMachinery = new stopMachineryDelegate(folder.stopFolding

event .
;)(public delegate void StopMachineryDelegate
;public event StopMachineryDelegate MachineOverheating

= +
.
;tempMonitor.MachineOverheating += welder.FinishWelding

= + = - .
event null.

324

try/catch/finally / .

NET. .

-1-19

. .
) (FCL .
NET. ) 1(SEH
.
. NET.
.
SEH
:
.

.
CLR .
.
.
.
Structured exception handling

C#

- 09177112161 -

. NET.
.
.
. . NET. System.Exception .
.

-2-19 System.Exception
1-19 System.Exception .
SystemException ApplicationException .
)NET. IOException ( ArithmticException
SystemException ApplicationException

. .
System.Exception .
1-19

System.Exception . 1-19 .
1-19

HelpLink

String

InnerException

Exception

Message

String

Source

String

StackTrace

String

URL .
null
. GetBaseException
.

. .
TargetSite

MethodBase .
.
326

DeclaringType
.
HResult

Int32

Com
. Com
HResult
.

-3-19
#C try/catch/finally ) (2-19 .
catch
. catch
catch
.
. .
2-19

try

Catch finally
. try catch finally

catch

327

C#

- 09177112161 -

Catch catch
. .
.

. .
{..} Exception

Catch (Divide By zero

)ex

System.DivideByZeroException . ex
. ex.Message ex.StackTrace

catch . .
.
.
{..} ( Catch(Divide By zero Exception

ex

{.....} (Catch ( Index out of Range Exception

ex

ex

{.....} ( Catch (Exception

. )
( Exception System.Exception .
catch .
finally .

: catch throw
. throw
throw .
.
finally

. finally .
. .
catch .
System.Exception

1-19 try/catch/finally CLR

.
1-19

Listing 4-2u
;using System
// Class to illustrate results of division by zero
public class TestExcep
{

328


)public static int Calc(int j
{
;)return ( / j
}
}
class MyApp
{
)(public static void Main
{
;)(TestExcep exTest = new TestExcep
try
{
// Create divide by zero in called method
;)int dZero = TestExcep.Calc(
// This statement is not executed
;)Console.WriteLine("Result: {}",dZero
}
)catch(DivideByZeroException ex
{
;)Console.WriteLine("{}\n{}\n", ex.Message, ex.Source
;))(Console.WriteLine(ex.TargetSite.ToString
;)Console.WriteLine(ex.StackTrace
}
)catch (Exception ex
{
;)Console.WriteLine("General "+ex.Message
}
finally
{
;)"Console.WriteLine("Cleanup occurs here.
}
}
}

TestExcep.Calc
. Calc
Calc MyApp
DivideByZeroException . catch
.

Ex.Message

Attempted to divide By Zero

Ex.Source

Zeroexcept

ex.TargetSite

()void Main

ex.StackTrace

()at MyApp .Main

-4-19

.
329

09177112161 - -

C#

.
. .
. 2-19
. NoDescException
2-19
// Custom Exception Class
[Serializable]
public class NoDescException : ApplicationException
{ // Three constructors should be implemented
public NoDescException(){}
public NoDescException(string message):base(message){}
public NoDescException(string message, Exception innerEx)
:base(message, innerEx){ }
}
// Interfaces that shape objects are to implement
public interface IShapeFunction
{ double GetArea(); }
public interface IShapeDescription
{ string ShowMe();}
// Circle and Rectangle classes are defined
class Circle : IShapeFunction
{
private double radius;
public Circle (double rad)
{
radius= rad;
}
// Methods to implement both interfaces
public double GetArea()
{ return (*
*radius*radius); }
}
class Rectangle : IShapeFunction, IShapeDescription
{
private int width, height;
public Rectangle(int w, int h)
{
width= w;
height=h;
}
// Methods to implement both interfaces
public double GetArea()
{ return (height*width); }
public string ShowMe()
{ return("rectangle"); }
}
public class ObjAreas
{
public static void ShowAreas(object ObjShape)
{
// Check to see if interfaces are implemented
if (!(ObjShape is IShapeDescription &&
ObjShape is IShapeFunction) )
{
// Throw custom exception
string objName = ObjShape.ToString();
throw new NoDescException
("Interface not implemented for "+objName);
}
// Continue processing since interfaces exist
IShapeFunction myShape = (IShapeFunction)ObjShape;

330


;IShapeDescription myDesc = (IShapeDescription) ObjShape
;)(string desc = myDesc.ShowMe
Console.WriteLine(desc+" Area= "+
;))(myShape.GetArea().ToString
}
}

shape
ObjAreas.ShowAreas .
static ObjAreas.ShowAreas method.
)Circle myCircle = new Circle(4,0
;)4,0
)Rectangle myRect = new Rectangle(52
;)52

try
{
;)ObjAreas.ShowAreas(myRect
;)ObjAreas.ShowAreas(myCircle
}
)catch (NoDescException ex
{
;)Console.WriteLine(ex.Message
}

ShowAreas .
NoDescException
. Circle .
NoDescException .
:

ApplicationException .

Exception . Exception
.

-1 .
-2 Message.
-3 Exception
.
+ base .
.
+ serializable . xml
.
.
331

C#

- 09177112161 -

-5-19
CLR catch .
CLR .

. NET
.
.

332

#C

:
:1 .NET 16 .
.
2 .
:String .NET .
.
:String .NET .
:StringBuilder .
: Regex .NET
.
.NET .
String . String.Format
.
JIT .

-1-20

. 128
. ANSI .

.

Unicode

Localization

C#

- 09177112161 -

.
. PlatForm
.

-1-1-20
.NET . 16
. 65535 .
1-20 .

1-20
128 .
75 . .
310 56609 .
. 96382
. 130
OCR .
16 100000
. 16 . 1
. 32 16 . 100000
.
.
16 32 API .NET
.
. . .NET .

: .
ttfext.exe .

.

Surrogate

334

 #C

-2-1-20
.NET char Char . char
. .

char
char . char
. .
;"string klm = "KLM
;byte b = 75
;char k
// Different ways to assign 'K' to variable K
;'k = 'K
k = klm[0]; // Assign "K" from first value in klm
k = (char) 75; // Cast decimal
k = (char) b; // cast byte
k = Convert.ToChar(75); // Converts value to a char

Char
.
Convert . char
1 GetNumericValve .
// '7' has Unicode value of 55
;'char k = '7
int n = (int) k; // n = 55
n = (int) char.GetNumericValue(k); // n = 7

-3-1-20
.NET
.
.
2004 9May 2004/9/5 CLR .

.
.NET CultureInfo /
.
Char.ToUpper .
// Include the System.Globalization namespace
// Using CultureInfo Azerbaijan
;'char i = 'i
// Second parameter is false to use default culture settings
// associated with selected culture
;) CultureInfo myCI = new CultureInfo("az", false
;)i = Char.ToUpper(i,myCI

Linguistic

335

C#

- 09177112161 -

OverLoad ToUpper CultureInfo

. az . CLR CultureInfo
.
CLR .
.NET .
Thread.CurrentThread.CurrentCulture .
Regional Options Control Panel .

i (0049I(U+ .
I ) (0130U+ . ()ToUpper
CultureInfo ) (az .
8,3 .

-4-1-20
30 .NET . UnicodeCategory
()Char.GetUnicodeCategory .
:
;'Char k = 'K
int iCat = (int) char.GetUnicodeCategory(k); // 0
Console.WriteLine(char.GetUnicodeCategory(k)); // UppercaseLetter
;char cr = (Char)13
iCat = (int) char.GetUnicodeCategory(cr); // 14
Console.WriteLine(char.GetUnicodeCategory(cr)); // Control
K UpperCaseLetter Control

char . .
GetUnicodeCategory false true . 1-20
.
5-1

IsControl

F007U+
000U+ F001U+
U+0080 U+009F.

IsDigit
IsLetter
IsLetterorDigit
IsLower

8
0124
018
1

0 9

336

 #C
IsUpper
IsPunctuation

,22 ,21 ,20 ,19 ,18

24 ,23

)DashPunctuation(19
OpenPunctuation(20),
OtherPunctuation(24).

IsSeparator

111213

IsSurrogate
IsSymbol
IsWhiteSpace

16
252628
11

20X0 .
) ( ) D0X0 (
(tab 09X0( ) A0X0 (
) C0X0 (

(tab0X0

B(

. OverLoad
.
Console.WriteLine(Char.IsSymbol('+')); // true
Console.WriteLine(Char.IsPunctuation('+')): // false
;"string str = "black magic
Console.WriteLine(Char.IsWhiteSpace(str, 5)); // true
;'char p = '.
Console.WriteLine(Char.IsPunctuation(p)); // true
Int iCat = (int) char.GetUnicodeCategory(p); // 24
;'(' = Char p
Console.WriteLine(Char.IsPunctuation(p)); // true
int iCat = (int) char.GetUnicodeCategory(p); // 20

-2-20
. .

-1-2-20
string .
.
. .NET
.

337

C#

- 09177112161 -

-2-2-20 1
.
Stack . Heap . CLR

2
. . .
;""Kubla Khan
;""Kubla Khan
String.Copy(poem2); // Create new string object
;""Christabel

=
=
=
=

poem1
poem2
poem3
poem4

string
string
string
string

2-20 .
2-20

hash . hash
heap . JIT
Kubla Khan heap
. (2Kubla Khan (poem CLR
2poem ) (1poem .
. String.Copy 3Poem .
heap . 4poem
.
.
)==( Object.ReferenceEqual
.
Console.WriteLine(poem1 == poem2); // true
Console.WriteLine(poem1 == poem3); // true
Console.WriteLine(ReferenceEquals(poem1, poem3)); // false
Console.WriteLine(ReferenceEquals(poem1,
"Kubla Khan")); // true

338

Interning

Intern Pool

 #C

true .
3poem 2poem . heap false .
.NET .
. String.Intern
.
;"string khan = " Khan
;string poem5 = "Kubla" + khan
Console.WriteLine(ReferenceEquals(poem5, poem1)); // false
// Place the contents of poem5 in the intern poolif not there
;)poem5 = String.Intern(poem5
Console.WriteLine(ReferenceEquals(poem5, poem1)); // true

String.Intern ((Kubla Khan 5poem .

. 5poem .
5poem 1poem true .
5poem GC .

String.Intern .

-3-2-20
System.String OverLoad .
4 .
: String.Equals String.Compare String.CompareOrdinal
. ) (
.
:
.
:
.
.
.

-3-20
.
ReferenceEquals .
.
.
.NET Equals
. .
339

09177112161 - -

C#

If string1 and string2 reference the same memory location

Then strings must be equal
Else
Compare strings character by character to determine equality

. Equals
string poem1 = "Kubla Khan";
string poem2 = "Kubla Khan";
string poem3 = String.Copy(poem2);
string poem4 = "kubla khan";
//
Console.WriteLine(String.Equals(poem1,poem2)); // true
Console.WriteLine(poem1.Equals(poem3)); // true
Console.WriteLine(poem1 == poem3); // equivalent to Equals
Console.WriteLine(poem1 == poem4); // false case differs

.( . Equals ) ==
OverLoad Equals
. String Compare .

String.Compare -1-3-20
String.Compare
. OverLoad .
:
int Compare (string str1, string str2)
Compare (string str1, string str2, bool IgnoreCase)
Compare (string str1, string str2, bool IgnoreCase,
CultureInfo ci)
Compare (string str1, int index1, string str2, int index2,
int len)

. : Str2, Str1
. false . true :IgnoreCase
Str2 Str1 :index1, index2

. CultureInfo :C2
.)( Compare
. .
.
. Compare
int result;
string stringUpper = "AUTUMN";
string stringLower = "autumn";
// (1) Lexical comparison: "A" is greater than "a"
result = string.Compare(stringUpper,stringLower); // 1
// (2) IgnoreCase set to false
result = string.Compare(stringUpper,stringLower,false); // 1
// (3)Perform case-insensitive comparison
result = string.Compare(stringUpper,stringLower,true); // 0

340

 #C

.NET .
. Compare CLR
. US
.
.
.

Compare

Thread.CurrentThread.CurrentCulture .
CultureInfo . Germany
.
CultureInfo ci = new CultureInfo("de-DE"); // German culture

CultureInfo
CurrentCulture : InvariantCulture

.
()Compare .
using System.Globalization; // Required for CultureInfo
// Perform case-sensitive comparison for Czech culture
;"string s1 = "circle
;"string s2 = "chair
result = string.Compare(s1, s2,
true, CultureInfo.CurrentCulture)); // 1
result = string.Compare(s1, s2,
true, CultureInfo.InvariantCulture)); // 1
// Use the Czech culture
result = string.Compare(s1, s2,
true, new CultureInfo("cs-CZ")); // -1

Chair , Circle US
. .
Ch C .
CultureInfo

-2-3-20 String.CompareOrdinal
String.CompareOrdinal . .
. .

. Compare CompareOrdinal .
;"stringUpper = "AUTUMN
;"stringLower = "autumn
= string.Compare(stringUpper,stringLower,
CultureInfo.InvariantCulture); // 1

341

string
string
//
result
false,

C#

09177112161 -result = string.CompareOrdinal(stringUpper,stringLower); // -32

Compare .
CompareOrdinal . (0041A(U+ ()a0061U+
.

-4-20
String
.

-1-4-20
) ([String[n n
. String
IndexOf IndexOfAny . 2-20 .
2-20

] [n

16 n .
;Int ndx=0
(While (ndx<poem.length
}
Write (Poem[ndx

;([Console.
=;1Ndx+
{

IndexOf /LastIndexOf

String, [int stat,

count

.
-1 .

([[int

Poem=kubla khan

String

n=Poem.Index of (la);//3
of (h);//

Cont
IndexOfAny/LastIndex
OfAny

0n=Poem.Index

Index of (k,

Int

6);//4n=Poem

/
.
Poem=kubla khan
Vowels = new char [5

;String
[[Char

} u0, 2a, e,

;{,

N=Poem. Index of on (Vowels); //1

N=Poem. Last Index of Any (Vowels);//8
N=Poem. Index of Any (Vowels, 2);//4

342

 #C

-2-4-20
16 .
32 . 16
. [Poem[ndx
.
String .NET
16 .
GetTextElementEnumerator .
.
= TextElementEnumerator tEnum
; )StringInfo.GetTextElementEnumerator(poem
while (tEnum.MoveNext()) // Step through the string
{
Console.WriteLine(tEnum.Current); // Print current char
}

()MoveNext Current .

-3-4-20
3-20 String .
.
3-20

(int, string

(Insert

.
;"string mariner = "and he stoppeth three
(string verse = mariner.Insert
;)"mariner.IndexOf(" three")," one of
"// verse --> "and he stoppeth one of three

PadLeft/PadRight

.
.
;"string rem = "and so on
;)rem =rem.PadRight(rem.Length+3,'.
"// rem --> "and so on...

(Remove(p,n

n p .
;"string verse = "It is an Ancient Mariner
;))string newverse = (verse.Remove(0,9
"// newverse --> "Ancient Mariner

(Replace(A,B

.
;String astring = nap ace sap. Path

343

09177112161 - -

C#

String istring=astring.Replace (a,1);

//istring--> nip ice sip pith

Char

([]Split(Char

.
string words = "red,blue orange ";
string [] split = words.Split(new Char []
{' ', ','});
Console.WriteLine(split[2]); // orange

()Toupper
(Toupper(CultureInfo

String Poem2= kubla khan;

Poem2=Poem2. Toupper (Culture Info. Invarian+Culture);

() Tolower
(Tolower(CultureInfo

[]Char .

([]Trim

(params Char

()Trim

.
String name= Samuel Coleridge;
Nam=name.Trim( );

Char

][( TrimEnd

null .
.

(params Char

TrimStart(params Char

([]

String name=Samuel Coleridge;

Trino Name=nam. Trimstart(null);
Shortname=name. Trim END(e,g,I);
//Short Name Samuel Colerid;

. n
. L L

(SubString
(Substring

(n

(n,l

String title = kubla khan;

Console. Write line (title. Substring (23)); //bla

()ToCharArray
(ToCharArray(n,l

String my Vowels= aeiou;

Char{ ] Vowel Arr;
Vowel Arr=myVowels. Tochar Array( );
Console write line (Vowel Arr [1]);

.
. Insert Remove, Replace . StringBuilder

344

 #C

-4-4-20

. :
. 8 .
. 1
2 .
.NET .
.
UTF-8

4 .
. 0800X0 FF07X0
0800x0 4 .
.NET 8UTF .
UTF16

2 ) ( . .
ASCII

8 . 00OX f7OX
.

System.Text Encoding .
. 8UTF ASCII
Unicode . 16UTF.
overload .
GetBytes : GetString
.
;"string text= "In Xanadu did Kubla Khan
;Encoding UTF8Encoder = Encoding.UTF8
;)byte[] textChars = UTF8Encoder.GetBytes(text
Console.WriteLine(textChars.Length); // 24
// Store using UTF-16
;)textChars = Encoding.Unicode.GetBytes(text
Console.WriteLine(textChars.Length); // 48
// Treat characters as two bytes
;)string decodedText = Encoding.Unicode.GetString(textChars
" Console.WriteLine(decodedText); // "In Xanadu did ...

345

Legacy

Third Party

C#

- 09177112161 -

. 8UTF-
.
;)(UTF8Encoding UTF8Encoder = new UTF8Encoding

ASCIIEncoding
. .

-5-20 StringBuilder
.
100 . 100
.
StringBuilder )(
.
. ()ToString .
1-20 StringBuilder .
1-20
;using System
;using System.Text
public class MyApp
)(static void Main
{
// Create comma delimited string with quotes around names
;" string namesF = "Jan Donna Kim
;"string namesM = "Rob James
;)(StringBuilder sbCSV = new StringBuilder
;)sbCSV.Append(namesF).Append(namesM
;)"'sbCSV.Replace(" ","',
// Insert quote at beginning and end of string
;)"'"(sbCSV.Insert(0,"'").Append
;)(string csv = sbCSV.ToString
'// csv = 'Jan','Donna','Kim','Rob','James
}
}

.
.
-1-5-20 StringBuilder

StringBuilder
.
)// Stringbuilder(initial value
;)"StringBuilder sb1 = new StringBuilder("abc
)// StringBuilder(initial value, initial capacity
;)StringBuilder sb2 = new StringBuilder("abc", 16
)// StringBuiler(Initial Capacity, maximum capacity
;)StringBuilder sb3 = new StringBuilder(32,128

StringBuilder .
Replace Insert Append Remove .
346

#C
int i = 4;
char[] ch = {'w','h','i','t','e'};
string myColor = " orange";
StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder("red blue green");
sb.Insert(0, ch); // whitered blue green
sb.Insert(5," "); // white red blue green
sb.Insert(0,i); // 4white red blue green
sb.Remove(1IR); // 4 red blue green
sb.Append(myColor); // 4 red blue green orange
sb.Replace("blue","violet"); // 4 red violet green orange
string colors = sb.ToString();

StringBuilder -2-5-20
+ . StringBuilder 2-20
. . 50000 a
Environment.TickCount . StringBuilder.Append
.
2-20
using System.Text;
public class MyApp
static void Main()
{
Console.WriteLine("String routine");
string a = "a";
string str = string.Empty;
int istart, istop;
istart = Environment.TickCount;
Console.WriteLine("Start: "+istart);
// Use regular C# concatenation operator
for(int i=0; i<50000; i++)
{
str += a;
}
istop = Environment.TickCount;
Console.WriteLine("Stop: "+istop);
Console.WriteLine("Difference: " + (istop-istart));
// Perform concatenation with StringBuilder
Console.WriteLine("StringBuilder routine");
StringBuilder builder = new StringBuilder();
istart = Environment.TickCount;
Console.WriteLine("Start: "+istart);
for(int i=0; i<50000; i++)
{
builder.Append(a);
}
istop = Environment.TickCount;
str = builder.ToString();
Console.WriteLine("Stop: "+Environment.TickCount);
Console.WriteLine("Difference: "+ (istop-istart));
}
}

.
String routine
Start: 1422091687
Stop: 1422100046
Difference: 9359

347

C#

09177112161 -StringBuilder routine

Start: 1QOONMMMQS
Stop: 1422100062
Difference: 16

9,359 16 StringBuilder StringBuilder .

-6-20
String.Format .
.
CLR .
.
.
;)String s= String.Format("The square root of {0} is {1}.",64,8
// output: The square root of 64 is 8.

Overload . :
. Console.WriteLine
String.Format .

-1-6-20
3-20 String.Format .
.
3-20

.
}{ .
.1 .
.
.2 .
. .

348

 #C

.3 .
ToString .NET .
.

-2-6-20
9
. .
#C . 4-20 .
4-20

}1458,75},2C:0

1458,75 $

.
. .-
.

}}, D:
}}, -D:

00455
00455-

.
. .

{:E},
{:E}, -

5.4783+E004

ddddE+nnm .
.

dddd.ddd

{:F},
{:F},

. .
.
.

003E+3,30

162
8162,57

{:G}, .
{:G},
{:G},
{:G},

9.9E-06
4.6E+02
456
783229.34

4-
.
. 1000

{:N},
{:N},

1,045.78
4RKV

.
.
.

{:P},
{:P},

78.00 %
78.650 %

.
.
.

{:R},

1.62736

.
.
. .
349

{:X},
{:X},
{:x},

19
001V
001f

C#

- 09177112161 -

. .

Console.Write Console.WriteLine .
Console.WriteLine("The Hex value of {0} is {0:X} ",31); //1F

ToString .
;decimal pct = .758M
Console.Write("The percent is "+pct.ToString("P2")); // 75.80 %

.NET . )# :
()0 (), () . () % ( ;) ( . .
decimal dVal = 2145.88M; // decimal values require M suffix
;string myFormat
myFormat = dVal.ToString("#####"); // 2146
myFormat = dVal.ToString("#,###.00"); // 2,145.88
;myFormat = String.Format("Value is {0:#,###.00
;)(#,###.00)}",-4567
)// semicolon specifies alternate formats. (4,567.00
;)myFormat = String.Format("Value is {0:$#,###.00}", 4567
// $4,567.00
Console.WriteLine("{0:##.00%}",.18); // 18.00 %

; . .
.
.

-3-6-20
DateTime .
. 5-20 .
5-5

2004/19/1

Monday, January
19, 2004

/ ) (

Monday, January
19, 2004 4:05 PM

/ ) (

Monday, January
19, 2004 4:05:20 PM

/ ) (

PM 4:05 2004/19/1

6:05 2004/1/19

/ ) (

PM 4:05:20 2004/19/1

16:05:20 2004/1/19

19,1,2004
Montag, 19
Januar,2004
Montag, 19
Januar, 2004
16:05
Montag, 19
Januar,2004
16:05:20

350

 #C
m,M

y,Y

/ 8601Iso

January 19

Januar 19

January, 2004

Januar, 2004

PM 4:05

16:05

PM 4:05:20

16:05:20

16:05:20T 9-01-2004

19-01-2004
16:05:20T

. .
u

Z16:05:20 19-01-2004

Monday, January
192004 21:05:20 PM

19-01-2004
Z16:05:20

Montag, 19.

,Januar
21:05:20 2004

. DateTime
.
DateTime curDate = DateTime.Now; // Get Current Date
Console.Writeline("Date: {0:d} ", curDate); // 1/19/2004
// f: --> Monday, January 19, 2004 5:05 PM
;)Console.Writeline("Date: {0:f} ", curDate
// g: --> 1/19/2004 5:05 PM
;)Console.Writeline("Date: {0:g} ", curDate

. 6-20 .
6-20

. .

dd

. .

ddd

dddd

MM

MMM

MMMM

yy

. .

351

C#

09177112161 -yyyy

HH

24

mm

.
;DateTime curDate = DateTime.Now
;)f = String.Format("{0:dddd} {0:MMM} {0:dd}", curDate
// output: Monday Jan 19
)"f = currDate.ToString("dd MMM yyyy
// output: 19 Jan 2004
// The standard short date format (d) is equivalent to this:
Console.WriteLine(currDate.ToString("M/d/yyyy")); // 1/19/2004
Console.WriteLine(currDate.ToString("d")); // 1/19/2004
CultureInfo ci = new CultureInfo("de-DE"); // German
)f = currDate.ToString("dd-MMMM-yyyy HH:mm", ci
// output: 19-Januar-20MQ 23:07

ToString String.Format .
. .

-4-6-20
. .NET
. German
European .
) (/ 19Monday , January . Januar19Montag, .
ToString CultureInfo German .
CultureInfo ci = new CultureInfo("de-DE"); // German
;))Console.WriteLine(curDate.ToString("D",ci
// output ---> Montag, 19. Januar 2004
Console.WriteLine(curDate.ToString("dddd",ci)); // -->Montag

dddd .
DateTime.DayOfWeek .

DateTimeFormatInfo NumberFormatInfo
.
NumberFormatInfo
. DateTimeFormatInfo
. FullDateTimePattern

F .
NumberFormatInfo DateTimeFormatInfo
.NET .
override.
352

 #C

.
.
>NumberFormatInfo.CurrentInfo.<property
>CultureInfo.CurrentCulture.NumberFormat.<property

CurrentInfo .
CultureInfo .
;)"CultureInfo ci = new CultureInfo("de-DE
;string f = ci.NumberFormat.CurrencySymbol

NumberFormatInfo DateTimeFormatInfo
. 3-20
3-20
using System
using System.Globalization
Class MyApp
// NumberFormatInfo
;string curSym = NumberFormatInfo.CurrentInfo.CurrencySymbol
;int dd = NumberFormatInfo.CurrentInfo.CurrencyDecimalDigits
;int pdd = NumberFormatInfo.CurrentInfo.PercentDecimalDigits
// --> curSym = "$" dd = 2 pdd = 2
// DateTimeFormatInfo
;string ldp= DateTimeFormatInfo.CurrentInfo.LongDatePattern
"// --> ldp = "dddd, MMMM, dd, yyyy
;]string enDay = DateTimeFormatInfo.CurrentInfo.DayNames[1
;]string month = DateTimeFormatInfo.CurrentInfo.MonthNames[1
;)"CultureInfo ci = new CultureInfo("de-DE
;]string deDay = ci.DateTimeFormat.DayNames[1
"// --> enDay = "Monday" month = February deDay = "Montag
// Change the default number of decimal places
// in a percentage
;decimal passRate = .840M
Console.Write(passRate.ToString("p",ci)); // 84,00%
;ci.NumberFormat.PercentDecimalDigits = 1
Console.Write(passRate.ToString("p",ci)); // 84,0%
}

NET. .
NumberFormatInfo DateTimeFormatInfo
NET. . .

-7-20
. 1960
SNOBOL . Grep Unix Grep .

. Grep Perl
NET. .

. Regex .

353

C#

- 09177112161 -

-1-7-20 Regex
Regex .
.
Regex System.Text.RegualarExpressions .

) Regex( string pattern

)Regex( string pattern, RegexOptions

:
: Pattern
:Regex Options . :
-CultureInvariant .
IgnoreCase .
RightToLeft .
:
Regex r1 = new Regex(" "); // Regular expression is a blank
;)"String words[] = r1.Split("red blue orange yellow
"// Regular expression matches upper- or lowercase "at
;)Regex r2 = new Regex("at", RegexOptions.IgnoreCase

Regex . .
RegexOptions .
Regex
Regex . Match Split Replace IsMatch Matches

. Overload .
Regex .
.
.
Regex . .
.
()IsMatch
.
.
;"string searchStr = "He went that a way
;)"Regex myRegex = new Regex("at
// instance methods
bool match = myRegex.IsMatch(searchStr); // true
// Begin search at position 12 in the string
match = myRegex.IsMatch(searchStr,12); // false

354

 #C
// Static Methods both return true
;)"match = Regex.IsMatch(searchStr,"at
;)match = Regex.IsMatch(searchStr,"AT",RegexOptions.IgnoreCase

()Replace
.
overload .

static Replace (string input, string pattern, string replacement

)][,RegexOptions
)Replace(string input, string replacement
)Replace(string input, string replacement, int count
)Replace(string input, string replacement, int count, int startat

Count StartAt . .
MatchEvaluator .
.
.
;string newStr
newStr = Regex.Replace("soft rose","o","i"); // sift rise
// instance method
"Regex myRegex = new Regex("o"); // regex = "o
// Now specify that only one replacement may occur
newStr = myRegex.Replace("soft rose","i",1); // sift rose

()Split
. ()String.Split
.

)String[] Split(string input

)String[] Split(string input, int count
)String[] Split(string input, int count, int startat
)Static String[] Split(string input, string pattern

:Input
:Count .
.
:Startat .
:Pattern .
.
. " "*[ ], .
.
355

C#

09177112161 -// Regex to match a comma followed by 0 or more spaces

;"*] [string patt = @",
// Static method
;)string[] artists = Regex.Split(impressionists, patt
// Instance method is used to accept maximum of four matches
;)Regex myRegex = new Regex(patt
;)string[] artists4 = myRegex.Split(impressionists, 4
)foreach (string master in artists4
;)Console.Write(master
"// Output --> "Manet" "Monet" "Degas" "Pissarro,Sisley

()Matches() , Match
. ()Match Match
()Matches ) MatchCollection ( .

)Match Match(string input

)Match Match(string input, int startat
)Match Match(string input, int startat, int numchars
)]static Match(string input, string pattern, [RegexOptions

)(overload Matches MatchCollection .

Match Matches Regex . Match
. Groups
. 7-20 Match .
7-20

Index

Groups

.
. Groups

.
Length

Success

true false.

Valve

NextMatch

Match .

. ) (.
)( .
;"string verse = "In Xanadu did Kubla Khan
string patt = ".an..."; // "." matches any character
;)Match verseMatch = Regex.Match(verse, patt

356

 #C
Console.WriteLine(verseMatch.Value); // Xanadu
Console.WriteLine(verseMatch.Index); // 3
//
)string newPatt = "K(..)"; //contains group(..
;)Match kMatch = Regex.Match(verse, newPatt
{ )while (kMatch.Success
Console.Write(kMatch.Value); // -->Kub -->Kha
Console.Write(kMatch.Groups[1]); // -->ub -->ha
;)(kMatch = kMatch.NextMatch
}

NextMatch kMatch .
newPatt .
K Groups .
.
MatchCollection . Match
Regex.Matches Count . Item
. NextMatch .
;"string verse = "In Xanadu did Kubla Khan
;")String newpatt = "K(..
))foreach (Match kMatch in Regex.Matches(verse, newpatt
Console.Write(kMatch.Value); // -->Kub -->Kha
// Could also create explicit collection and work with it.
;)MatchCollection mc = Regex.Matches(verse, newpatt
Console.WriteLine(mc.Count); // 2

-2-7-20
Regex .
.
.
. Regex ).(www.regexlib.com
.
: . \ d 0 9 .
: . {3d{\ : \ d\d\d
.
: . {3d{\^ :
.
:Escape \ . \{
.
8-20 .
8-20

357

C#

- 09177112161 -

to+ too tooo .

t .

*To tooo too t

.

Te?n ten tn
. . Teen . .

}{n

n Te{2}n teen .
Ten teeen .

.
}{,n

n {,Te{1 ten teen

tn . .

.
}{n,m

n m te{12}n Ten teen

.

A\+B A+B . +
. \ .
. +

\d

)\ ( d )\ (D \ d\d 55 .

\D

. ] [9-0 ] D\D\ -0 XX .
[98.

\w

. \ 19A_ w\w\w\w .

\W

\ W w\ . ] ($) W\W\W\ a- .
[_9-0zA-Z \ W ]^a-zA-
[_9-0Z .

\n \r

\t \v

\f

\s

\ s \ S A B C , \w\S\w\S\w

\S

.
. Space tab

.
)0(

|
][ 0 0 0

. a.c Abc .
.

abcc .

OR

enquiry in|en .

aeiou] u] . [d\D\] .
.
358

 #C

.
] x ] 8aeiou .

][8 0 0 0

.
;)"bool iMatch = Regex.IsMatch("245-09-8444",@"\d\d\d-\d\d-\d\d\d\d

.
.
.
;)"}bool iMatch = Regex.IsMatch("245-09-8444",@"\d{3}-\d{2}-\d{4

.
. .
.
. .
9-20 8 $ .
.
"@"^\d{3}-\d{2}-\d{4}$

9-20

\A

\b \B

.
.

\z \Z

)\ (Z .

.
SSN .
. .
.
;"string ssn = "245-09-8444
;"string ssnPatt = @"^(\d{3})-(\d{2})-(\d{4})$
;)Match ssnMatch = Regex.Match(ssn, ssnPatt

359

C#

09177112161 -{)if (ssnMatch.Success

Console.WriteLine(ssnMatch.Value); // 245-09-8444
Console.WriteLine(ssnMatch.Groups.Count); // 4
// Count is 4 since Groups[0] is set to entire SSN
Console.Write(ssnMatch.Groups[1]); // 245
Console.Write(ssnMatch.Groups[2]); // 09
Console.Write(ssnMatch.Groups[3]); // 8444
}

.
. ) . 4-20
(.
4-20

.
[]Match.Groups . .
1 2 .
.
><name .
.
;"string txt ="Monday Hi:88 Lo:56 Tuesday Hi:91 Lo:61

. .
.
;")string rgPatt = @"(?<day>[a-zA-Z]+)\s*(?<temps>Hi:\d+\s*Lo:\d+
MatchCollection mc = Regex.Matches(txt, rgPatt); //Get matches
)foreach(Match m in mc
Console.WriteLine("{0} {1}",
;)]"m.Groups["day"],m.Groups["temps
//Output: Monday Hi:88 Lo:56
// Tuesday Hi:91 Lo:61

: .
: . ) (an|in|on OR
(an|in|on:?) :

360

 #C

.
.
.
. .
;"string speech = "Four score and and seven years
patt = @"(\b[a-zA-Z]+\b)\s\1"; // Match repeated words
;)MatchCollection mc = Regex.Matches(speech, patt
{ )foreach(Match m in mc
Console.WriteLine(m.Groups[1]); // --> and
}

. .
/

and and

)\ (b

@"(\b[a-zA-Z]+\b)\s

and and

\1

.
.

. < \ >k
:
;">patt = @"(?<word>\b[a-zA-Z]+\b)\s\k<word

-3-7-20
.
.
.
Replace
;"string userName = "Claudel, Camille
;) "userName = Regex.Replace( userName, @"(\w+),\s*(\w+)", "$2 $1
Console.WriteLine(userName); // Camille Claudel

1 2 . Replace
$ . 2 1
.

;"String myText = "98, 98.0, +98.0, +98
string numPatt = @"\d+"; // Integer
numPatt = @"(\d+\.?\d*)|(\.\d+)"; // Allow decimal
numPatt = @"([+-]?\d+\.?\d*)|([+-]?\.\d+)"; // Allow + or-

361

C#

- 09177112161 -

(|) OR .
.
8 . .
null .
4 CaptureCollection .
;"string hex = "00AA001CFF0C
;"*)}string hexPatt = @"^(?<hex4>[a-fA-F\d]{4
;)Match hexMatch = Regex.Match(hex,hexPatt
Console.WriteLine(hexMatch.Value); // --> 00AA001CFFOC
;CaptureCollection cc = hexMatch.Groups["hex4"].Captures
)foreach (Capture c in cc
Console.Write(c.Value); // --> 00AA 001C FF0C

5-5 GroupCollection ,Match CaptureCollection

5-20

-8-20

7 ASCII ANSI .

90000 . NET.
16 .

NET. .

String StringBuilder NET.

.

String.Format .

StringBuilder
.

Regex .

362

.
NET. .
System.IO.

-1-21

1 -21 . ] [ .

1-21

C#

09177112161 -1

: System.MarshalByRefObject NET.
.
: FileSystemInfo .
File :FileInfo .
:DirectoryInfo,Directry .
:Path .
:DriveInfo

-1-1-21 NET.
.
.
Directory :File .
.

.
:FileInfo, DirectoryIfo Directory File
public . .
.
.
.
.
FileInfo DirectoryInfo
Directory File ) ( . :
;)"FileInfo myFile = new FileInfo(@"C:\Program Files\My Program\ReadMe.txt
;)"myFile.CopyTo(@"D:\Copies\ReadMe.txt

:
;)"File.Copy(@"C:\Program Files\My Program\ReadMe.txt", @"D:\Copies\ReadMe.txt

. FileInfo
. .
FileInfo DirectoryInfo

. :
;)"DirectoryInfo myFolder = new DirectoryInfo(@"C:\Program Files

. Exists .
;)"FileInfo test = new FileInfo(@"C:\Windows
Marshaling

364


;))(Console.WriteLine(test.Exists.ToString

false c:\windows ()FileInfo.Open

.

.

CreateTime

) DirectoryName (FileInfo

) Parent (DirectoryInfo

Exists

Extension

FullName

LastAccessTime

LastWriteTime

Name

) Root (DirectoryInfo

) Length (FileInfo

()Create

. FileInfo
Stream .

()Delete

.
.

()MoveTo

) ()CopyTo . .
(FileInfo

) ()GetDirectories

DirectoryInfo

(DirectoryInfo

)()GetFiles FileInfo
365

C#

- 09177112161 -

(DirectoryInfo

()GetFileSystemInfos DirectoryInfo , FileInfo

) (irectoryInfo

: .
.
FileInfo )( ()Create OpenWrite() OpenText() OpenRead() Open
()CreateText Stream .
.
// displays the creation time of a file,
// then changes it and displays it again
;)"FileInfo test = new FileInfo(@"C:\MyFile.txt
;))(Console.WriteLine(test.Exists.ToString
;))(Console.WriteLine(test.CreationTime.ToString
;)test.CreationTime = new DateTime(, , , , ,
;))(Console.WriteLine(test.CreationTime.ToString

.
True
// :: PM
// :: AM

.

.

-2-1-21 Path
Path .
. . Readme.txt
c:\MyDocuments . :
;))"Console.WriteLine(Path.Combine(@"C:\My Documents", "ReadMe.txt

Path Path
. Net.

. Net. uinx Path uinx .

browse .

-3-1-21 File Browser

FileProperties
Browse .

366

: Display
.
ListBox . 34-2 FileProperties .
34-2

Up

. 34-2 My Dcumants .
ListBox . . 34
3 . 34-3

:
DirectoeyInfo

367

09177112161 - -

C#

2005VS Application Windows

: Windows Forms
listBoxFolderslistBoxFiles buttonUp buttonDisplay textBoxFolder textBoxInput
textBoxLastWriteTime textBoxLastAccessTimetextBoxCreationTime textBoxFileName
textBoxFileSize

. System.IO
using
using
using
using
using
using
using
using

System;
System.Collections.Generic;
System.ComponentModel;
System.Data;
System.Drawing;
System.Text;
System.Windows.Forms;
System.IO;

.
partial class Form : Form
{
private string currentFolderPath;

: .
. Display

Files

. Folders

. Up

.)( ClearAllFields
.
protected void ClearAllFields()
{
listBoxFolders.Items.Clear();
listBoxFiles.Items.Clear();
textBoxFolder.Text = "";
textBoxFileName.Text = "";
textBoxCreationTime.Text = "";
textBoxLastAccessTime.Text = "";
textBoxLastWriteTime.Text = "";
textBoxFileSize.Text = "";
}

.)( DisplayFileInfo
.( )
protected void DisplayFileInfo(string fileFullName)
{
FileInfo theFile = new FileInfo(fileFullName);
if (!theFile.Exists)
throw new FileNotFoundException("File not found: " + fileFullName);
textBoxFileName.Text = theFile.Name;
textBoxCreationTime.Text = theFile.CreationTime.ToLongTimeString();
textBoxLastAccessTime.Text = theFile.LastAccessTime.ToLongDateString();
textBoxLastWriteTime.Text = theFile.LastWriteTime.ToLongDateString();
textBoxFileSize.Text = theFile.Length.ToString() + " bytes";
}

368

. ()DisplayFolderList .
.
protected void DisplayFolderList(string folderFullName)
{
DirectoryInfo theFolder = new DirectoryInfo(folderFullName);
if (!theFolder.Exists)
throw new DirectoryNotFoundException("Folder not found: " + folderFullName);
ClearAllFields();
textBoxFolder.Text = theFolder.FullName;
currentFolderPath = theFolder.FullName;
// list all subfolders in folder
foreach(DirectoryInfo nextFolder in theFolder.GetDirectories())
listBoxFolders.Items.Add(nextFolder.Name);
// list all files in folder
foreach(FileInfo nextFile in theFolder.GetFiles())
listBoxFiles.Items.Add(nextFile.Name);
}

. Display .
.
.
protected void OnDisplayButtonClick(object sender, EventArgs e)
{
try
{
string folderPath = textBoxInput.Text;
DirectoryInfo theFolder = new DirectoryInfo(folderPath);
if (theFolder.Exists)
{
DisplayFolderList(theFolder.FullName);
return;
}
FileInfo theFile = new FileInfo(folderPath);
if (theFile.Exists)
{
DisplayFolderList(theFile.Directory.FullName);
int index = listBoxFiles.Items.IndexOf(theFile.Name);
listBoxFiles.SetSelected(index, true);
return;
}
throw new FileNotFoundException("There is no file or folder with "
+ "this name: " + textBoxInput.Text);
}
catch(Exception ex)
{
MessageBox.Show(ex.Message);
}
}

FileInfo DirectoryInfo
. . Exist
.
) Files
.)( DisplayFileInfo .(
protected void OnListBoxFilesSelected(object sender, EventArgs e)
{

369

09177112161 - -

C#

try
{
string selectedString = listBoxFiles.SelectedItem.ToString();
string fullFileName = Path.Combine(currentFolderPath, selectedString);
DisplayFileInfo(fullFileName);
}
catch(Exception ex)
{
MessageBox.Show(ex.Message);
}
}

. Folders
.)( DisplayFolderList
protected void OnListBoxFoldersSelected(object sender, EventArgs e)
{
try
{
string selectedString = listBoxFolders.SelectedItem.ToString();
string fullPathName = Path.Combine(currentFolderPath, selectedString);
DisplayFolderList(fullPathName);
}
catch(Exception ex)
{
MessageBox.Show(ex.Message);
}
}

.)( DisplayFolderList up
FileInfo.DirectoryName .
.
protected void OnUpButtonClick(object sender, EventArgs e)
{
try
{
string folderPath = new FileInfo(currentFolderPath).DirectoryName;
DisplayFolderList(folderPath);
}
catch(Exception ex)
{
MessageBox.Show(ex.Message);
}
}

-2-21
)( Delete MoveTo()
)( Move Directory File . DirectoryInfo FileInfo
. .)( Delete
FileProperties . File )( Delete )( Copy Move()

. . FilePropertiesAndMovment
.

FilePeopertiesAndMovement-1-2-21
. 34-4
370

34-4

FileProperyies .
.
.
FilePropertiesAndMovment .

) . 34-5 (.
34-5

Yes .
) ( .
.

-2-2-21 FilePropertiesAndMovment
FileProperties
. textBoxNewPath buttonMoveTo buttonCopyTo buttonDelete
.
Delete :
)protected void OnDeleteButtonClick(object sender, EventArgs e
{
try

371

09177112161 - -

C#

{
string filePath = Path.Combine(currentFolderPath,
textBoxFileName.Text);
string query = "Really delete the file\n" + filePath + "?";
if (MessageBox.Show(query,
"Delete File?", MessageBoxButtons.YesNo) == DialogResult.Yes)
{
File.Delete(filePath);
DisplayFolderList(currentFolderPath);
}
}
catch(Exception ex)
{
MessageBox.Show("Unable to delete file. The following exception"
+ " occurred:\n" + ex.Message, "Failed");
}
}

. try
.
. textBoxFileName CunentParentPath
.
protected void OnMoveButtonClick(object sender, EventArgs e)
{
try
{
string filePath = Path.Combine(currentFolderPath,
textBoxFileName.Text);
string query = "Really move the file\n" + filePath + "\nto "
+ textBoxNewPath.Text + "?";
if (MessageBox.Show(query,
"Move File?", MessageBoxButtons.YesNo) == DialogResult.Yes)
{
File.Move(filePath, textBoxNewPath.Text);
DisplayFolderList(currentFolderPath);
}
}
catch(Exception ex)
{
MessageBox.Show("Unable to move file. The following exception"
+ " occurred:\n" + ex.Message, "Failed");
}
}
protected void OnCopyButtonClick(object sender, EventArgs e)
{
try
{
string filePath = Path.Combine(currentFolderPath,
textBoxFileName.Text);
string query = "Really copy the file\n" + filePath + "\nto "
+ textBoxNewPath.Text + "?";
if (MessageBox.Show(query,
"Copy File?", MessageBoxButtons.YesNo) == DialogResult.Yes)
{
File.Copy(filePath, textBoxNewPath.Text);
DisplayFolderList(currentFolderPath);
}
}
catch(Exception ex)
{
MessageBox.Show("Unable to copy file. The following exception"
+ " occurred:\n" + ex.Message, "Failed");
}

372

.)( DisplayFileInfo .
protected void DisplayFileInfo(string fileFullName)
{
FileInfo theFile = new FileInfo(fileFullName);
if (!theFile.Exists)
throw new FileNotFoundException("File not found: " + fileFullName);
textBoxFileName.Text = theFile.Name;
textBoxCreationTime.Text = theFile.CreationTime.ToLongTimeString();
textBoxLastAccessTime.Text = theFile.LastAccessTime.ToLongDateString();
textBoxLastWriteTime.Text = theFile.LastWriteTime.ToLongDateString();
textBoxFileSize.Text = theFile.Length.ToString() + " bytes";
// enable move, copy, delete buttons
textBoxNewPath.Text = theFile.FullName;
textBoxNewPath.Enabled = true;
buttonCopyTo.Enabled = true;
buttonDelete.Enabled = true;
buttonMoveTo.Enabled = true;
}

. DisplayFolderList
protected void DisplayFolderList(string folderFullName)
{
DirectoryInfo theFolder = new DirectoryInfo(folderFullName);
if (!theFolder.Exists)
throw new DirectoryNotFoundException("Folder not found: " + folderFullName);
ClearAllFields();
DisableMoveFeatures();
textBoxFolder.Text = theFolder.FullName;
currentFolderPath = theFolder.FullName;
// list all subfolders in folder
foreach(DirectoryInfo nextFolder in theFolder.GetDirectories())
listBoxFolders.Items.Add(NextFolder.Name);
// list all files in folder
foreach(FileInfo nextFile in theFolder.GetFiles())
listBoxFiles.Items.Add(NextFile.Name);
}

. DisableMoveFeatures
void DisableMoveFeatures()
{
textBoxNewPath.Text = "";
textBoxNewPath.Enabled = false;
buttonCopyTo.Enabled = false;
buttonDelete.Enabled = false;
buttonMoveTo.Enabled = false;
}

.)( ClearAllFields
protected void ClearAllFields()
{
listBoxFolders.Items.Clear();
listBoxFiles.Items.Clear();
textBoxFolder.Text = "";
textBoxFileName.Text = "";
textBoxCreationTime.Text = "";
textBoxLastAccessTime.Text = "";
textBoxLastWriteTime.Text = "";
textBoxFileSize.Text = "";
textBoxNewPath.Text = "";
}

373

C#

- 09177112161 -

-3-21
. FileInfo DirectoryInfo
. 2,0Net . File .
Stream .

-1-3-21
Windows Form
. 34-6
34-6

.
. :
;using System
;using System.Collections.Generic
;using System.ComponentModel
;using System.Data
;using System.Drawing
;using System.Text
;using System.Windows.Forms
;using System.IO
namespace ReadingFiles
{
partial class Form : Form
{
)(public Form
{
;)(InitializeComponent
}
)private void button_Click(object sender, EventArgs e

374


{
;)textBox.Text = File.ReadAll(textBox.Text
}
}
}

System.IO buttonl_Click
()File.ReadAll .
. . 34-7 .
34-7

File.ReadAll .
;)File.ReadAll(FilePath

;)File.ReadAll(FilePath, Encoding

.
:
;)File.ReadAll(textBox.Text, Encoding.ASCII

. ReadAllBytes
. .
ReadAllLines .

-2-3-21
2,0Net . .
FCL ReadAllLines ReadAll ReadAllBytes
WriteAllBytes WriteAll WriteAllLines .
375

C#

- 09177112161 -

Windows Forms .
. _Click1button .
)private void button_Click(object sender, EventArgs e
{
;)File.WriteAll(textBox.Text, textBox.Text
}

. c:\Testing.txt
. . . \:C
Testing.txt .
WriteAll
.

.
. WriteAllBytes WriteAll WriteAllLines
. .
WriteAll .
)File.WriteAll(FilePath, Content

.
)File.WriteAll(FilePath, Content, Encoding
WriteAllBytes WriteAllLines

. .
)private void button_Click(object sender, EventArgs e
{
string[] movies ={"Grease","Close Encounters of the Third Kind","The Day After
;}"Tomorrow
;)File.WriteAllLines("C:\Testing.txt", movies
}

. Testing.txt .
Grease
Close Encounters of the Third Kind
The Day After Tomorrow

WriteAllLines .

-3-3-21
1 . Stream .
.
.

. :
Stream

376

) ( pipe

Net. System.IO.MemoryStream .
System.Net.Sockets. NetworkStream .
Stream .
.
.
. c
.
FileInfo DirectoryInfo
.

StringWriter,

StringReader
StreamWriter,StreamReader .
34-8 System.IO .
34-8

:
:FileStream .
.
:StreamWriter,StreamReader .
BinaryWriter,BinaryReader .
.
BinaryWriter,BinryReader
#c . 34-9 .
34-9
377

C#

- 09177112161 -

.
: Long .
Write BinaryWriter

)( 8 BinaryReader.Read Long.

-4-3-21
.
.
.
.
.

-5-3-21
FileStream .

FileStream
FileStream .
FileStream .

: File .

: Mode .

: Access .
.

: Share
.

. Net.

FileMode , FileShare,FileAccess .
. .

FileMode

Append-Create-CreateNew-Open-OpenorCreateTruncate

FileAccess

Read-ReadWrite-Write

378


FileShare

Inheritable-None-Read-ReadWrite-Write

. Open Append
Truncate CreateNew .
FileShare,FileAccess (|) or .
FileStream . :
// creates file with read-write access and allows other streams read access
FileStream fs = new FileStream(@"C:\C# Projects\Project.doc",
;)FileMode.Create
// as above, but we only get write access to the file
FileStream fs = new FileStream(@"C:\C# Projects\Project.doc",
;)FileMode.Create, FileAccess.Write
// as above but other streams don't get
// fs is open
FileStream fs = new FileStream(@"C:\C# Projects\Project.doc",
;)FileMode.Create, FileAccess.Write, FileShare.None

overload
),FileAccess.ReadWrite

.(FileShare.Read FileInfo

.
;)"FileInfo myFile = new FileInfo(@"C:\C# Projects\Project.doc
;)(FileStream fs = myFile.OpenRead
;)"FileInfo myFile= new FileInfo(@"C:\C# Projects\Projectdoc
;)(FileStream fs = myFile.OpenWrite
;)"FileInfo myFile= new FileInfo(@"C:\C# Projects\Projectdoc
FileStream fs = myFile.Open(FileMode.Append, FileAccess.Write,
;)FileShare.None
;)"FileInfo myFile = new FileInfo(@"C:\C# Projects\Project.doc
;)(FileStream fs = myFile.Create

()FileInfo.OpenRead .
FileInfo.OpenWrite . ()FileInfo.Open
. .
;)(fs.Close

. .
FileStream .
ReadByte . 0
255 . -1 .
;)(int NextByte = fs.ReadByte

Read .
. ()Read .
. ByteArray .
;)int nBytesRead = fs.Read(ByteArray, , nBytes

.
379

C#

- 09177112161 -

()WriteByte: .()Write ()WriteByte

.
;byte NextByte =
;)fs.WriteByte(NextByte

Write . ByteArray
nByte :
;)fs.Write(ByteArray, , nBytes

-6-3-21
StreamReader
StreamReader . StreamReader
FileStream FileStream .
.

StreamReader . StreamReader
FileInfo ()CreateText ()OpenText
StreamReader . StreamReader :
;)"StreamReader sr = new StreamReader(@"C:\My Documents\ReadMe.txt
;)StreamReader sr = new StreamReader(@"C:\My Documents\ReadMe.txt",Encoding.UTF

fs FileStream
FileStream fs = new FileStream(@"C:\My Documents\ReadMe.txt",
;)FileMode.Open, FileAccess.Read, FileShare.None
;)StreamReader sr = new StreamReader(fs

myfile FileInfo
;)"FileInfo myFile = new FileInfo(@"C:\My Documents\ReadMe.txt
;)(StreamReader sr = myFile.OpenText

FileStream StreamReader .

StreamReader
:()ReadLine .
;)(string nextLine = sr.ReadLine

:()ReadToEnd .
;)(string restOfStream = sr.ReadToEnd

:()Read .
;)(int nextChar = sr.Read
// to read characters in.
;int nChars =
;]char [] charArray = new char[nChars
;)int nCharsRead = sr.Read(charArray, , nChars

380

nChars nCharRread .

StreamWriter
StreamReader . .
StreamWriter .
;)"StreamWriter sw = new StreamWriter(@"C:\My Documents\ReadMe.txt

8UTF .
. : .
StreamWriter sw = new StreamWriter(@"C:\My Documents\ReadMe.txt", true,
;)Encoding.ASCII

fs FileStream:
FileStream fs = new FileStream(@"C:\My Documents\ReadMe.txt",FileMode.CreateNew,
;(FileAccess.Write, FileShare.Read
;(StreamWriter sw = new StreamWriter(fs

myFile FileInfo:
;)"FileInfo myFile = new FileInfo(@"C:\My Documents\NewFile.txt
;)(StreamWriter sw = myFile.CreateText

StreamWriter .

StreamWriter
:()Write .
;"string nextLine = "Groovy Line
;)sw.Write(nextLine
;'char nextChar = 'a
;)sw.Write(nextChar
;]char [] charArray = new char[
// initialize these characters
;)sw.Write(charArray

.
;
;=
;]new char[
characters
;)startAtLocation, nCharsToWrite

= int nCharsToWrite
int startAtLocation
= char [] charArray
// initialize these
sw.Write(charArray,

-7-3-21 CryptoStream

-4-21
2,0Net . .
DriveInfo . DriveInfo
.
: Windows Form ListBox ) .(10-21
381

09177112161 - -

C#

10-21

. ) (
.
using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.ComponentModel;
using System.Data;
using System.Drawing;
using System.Text;
using System.Windows.Forms;
using System.IO;
namespace DriveInfo
{
partial class Form : Form
{
public Form()
{
InitializeComponent();
}
private void Form_Load(object sender, EventArgs e)
{
DriveInfo[] di = DriveInfo.GetDrives();
foreach (DriveInfo itemDrive in di)
{
listBox.Items.Add(itemDrive.Name);
}
}
private void listBox_SelectedIndexChanged(object sender, EventArgs e)
{
DriveInfo di = new DriveInfo(listBox.SelectedItem.ToString());
MessageBox.Show("Available Free Space: " + di.AvailableFreeSpace + "\n"
+
"Drive Format: " + di.DriveFormat + "\n" +
"Drive Type: " + di.DriveType + "\n" +
"Is Ready: " + di.IsReady.ToString() + "\n" +
"Name: " + di.Name + "\n" +
"Root Directory: " + di.RootDirectory + "\n" +
"ToString() Value: " + di.ToString() + "\n" +
"Total Free Space: " + di.TotalFreeSpace + "\n" +
"Total Size: " + di.TotalSize + "\n" +
"Volume Label: " + di.VolumeLabel.ToString(), di.Name +
" DRIVE INFO");
}
}
}

DriveInfo _ Load1Form . System.IO

)( DriveInfo.GetDrives .
382


DriveInfo foreach ListBox

. 11-21 .
11-21

.
.

-5-21
1,1/1,0Net . . ACL .
COM . 2,0Net . ACL
System.Security.AccessControl .
Active Directory
.

-1-5-21 ACL
. ACL
.
;using System
;using System.Collections.Generic
;using System.Text
;using System.IO
;using System.Security.AccessControl
namespace ConsoleApplication
{
class Program
{
;static string myFilePath
)static void Main(string[] args
{
;)" Console.Write("Provide full file path:
;)(myFilePath = Console.ReadLine
try
{
using (FileStream myFile = new FileStream(myFilePath,
))FileMode.Open, FileAccess.Read
{
;)(FileSecurity fileSec = myFile.GetAccessControl
foreach (FileSystemAccessRule fileRule in
fileSec.GetAccessRules(true, true,
)))typeof(System.Security.Principal.NTAccount
{

383

09177112161 - -

C#

Console.WriteLine("{} {} {} access for {}", myFilePath,

fileRule.AccessControlType == AccessControlType.Allow ?
"provides" : "denies",
fileRule.FileSystemRights,
fileRule.IdentityReference.ToString());
}
}
}
catch
{
Console.WriteLine("Incorrect file path given!");
}
Console.ReadLine();
}
}
}

. System.Security.AccessControl
FileStream . FileSystemAccessRule FileSecurity

. File )( GetAccessControl ACL .

. . FileSecurity
. . FileSystemAccessRule
DirectoryInfo FileStream . ACL

ACL -2-5-21
. ACL
. ACL . ACL
try
{
using (FileStream myFile = new FileStream(myFilePath,
FileMode.Open, FileAccess.ReadWrite))
{
FileSecurity fileSec = myFile.GetAccessControl();
Console.WriteLine("ACL list before modification:");
foreach (FileSystemAccessRule fileRule in
fileSec.GetAccessRules(true, true,
typeof(System.Security.Principal.NTAccount)))
{
Console.WriteLine("{} {} {} access for {}", myFilePath,
fileRule.AccessControlType == AccessControlType.Allow ?
"provides" : "denies",
fileRule.FileSystemRights,
fileRule.IdentityReference.ToString());
}
Console.WriteLine();
Console.WriteLine("ACL list after modification:");
FileSystemAccessRule newRule = new FileSystemAccessRule(
new System.Security.Principal.NTAccount(@"PUSHKIN\Tuija"),
FileSystemRights.FullControl,
AccessControlType.Allow);
fileSec.AddAccessRule(newRule);
File.SetAccessControl(myFilePath, fileSec);
foreach (FileSystemAccessRule fileRule in
fileSec.GetAccessRules(true, true,
typeof(System.Security.Principal.NTAccount)))
{

384


Console.WriteLine("{} {} {} access for {}", myFilePath,
? fileRule.AccessControlType == AccessControlType.Allow
"provides" : "denies",
fileRule.FileSystemRights,
;))(fileRule.IdentityReference.ToString
}
}
}

ACL .
FileSystemAccessRule . NTAccount
FullControl . AddAccessRule FileSecurity
. SetAccessControl File FileSecurity
.
.
ACL .
;)fileSec.AddAccessRule(newRule

:
;)fileSec.RemoveAccessRule(newRule

-6-21

System.IO.

Directory File

FileInfo )(()Create OpenWrite() OpenText() OpenRead() Open

()CreateText Stream .

Path .

)( ()Delete MoveTo FileInfo

DirectoryInfo .

()File.ReadAll .

WriteAll
.

Stream . .

FileStream .

StreamReader

DriveInfo
.

385

C#

- 09177112161 -

2,0Net . ACL
System.Security.AccessControl .

386

SELECT SQL .

2005VS .

-1-22
. 2005VS
.

SQL server

oracle Access Sybase .

2005VS .

.
.

.

.
: ) 2000 ( Microsoft Access
Microsoft office .

C#

- 09177112161 -

"
.
. Microsoft Access
.
Access

) Access mdb.( "

.
. "
Access
Access
.
.

.
2005VS

.
.

"
. ) Access ( .
.
. firstName
.
.
.
) ( FirstName LastName .
.
FirstName EmployeeID 1-22 ....
.
1-22

388

" SQL
.

.
. SQL
.
SQL .
#VC
SQL .

.
.
) ( .

.
SQL . SQL

.
. 1 .
SELECT SQL

SQL .
) ( ANSI .
ANSI SQL .
"
.
Stored procedure

389

C#

- 09177112161 -

ANSI SQL SQL

SQL .

SQL .
.
SQL .
.
SQL .
SELECT
. SELECT
.
SELECT SQL :
;SELECT * FROM Employees

Employees . * SELECT .
Employees .
Employees
* :
;SELECT [First Name], [Last Name] FROM Employees
" ] [ .

) ( space First Name . ][

][ .
][ .
SQL
.
WHERE SELECT .
" D
:
SELECT [First Name], [Last Name] FROM Employees
;*WHERE [Last Name] LIKE D
WHERE WHERE .

SELECT Employees Last Name

First Name Last Name D . ` `*D
D . `*`*D "
D ".

First Name SELECT ORDER

BY .
390

SELECT [First Name], [Last Name] FROM Employees

;]WHERE [Last Name] LIKE D* ORDER BY [First Name

. :
Angela Dunn
David Dunstan
Zebedee Dean
"

" ."
. A

Z .
.
.
. ORDER BY DESC
. .
SELECT [First Name], [Last Name] FROM Employees
;WHERE [Last Name] LIKE D* ORDER BY [First Name] DESC
:
Zebedee Dean
David Dunstan
Angela Dunn
: "

ORDER BY ASC .
.
SELECT :
SELECT select-list
FROM table-name
][WHERE search-condition
]][ORDER BY order-by-expression [ASC | DESC
select-list" *

. table-list .
WHERE SELECT . search-condition

. ORDER BY .
order-by-expression .
ASC DESC .

SQL
.
SQL .
.

391

C#

- 09177112161 -

SELECT Description Name Price

Products

Description
DVD

-2-22
2005#C :
TableAdapter Bindingsource .DataSet BindingSource DataSet 2-22
Data . TableAdapter
.
2-22

: "
.NET .
.
.
DataSet

Dataset .
.
DataView
. .
DataSet .
) ( .

.
392


XML . DataSet XML

XML . XML
.
DataSet
.
.
.
.
DataGridView

.

.

.
.
BindingSource

) (DataSet
.

.
DataSet DataGridview
.
DataGridView Bindingsource DataSet

. .
BindingNavigator

BindingNavigator
. Access .
DataGridView BindingSource
. Next
BindingNavigator BindingSource
BindingSource ) DataSet (
.
TableAdapter

: .DataAdapter
.
.
393

C#

- 09177112161 -

.
DataSet .
SELECT UPDATE
INSERT DELETE .
.

-3-22
BindingSource
.
.
#VC"

DataGridView .TextBox BindingSource
DataGridview .
TextBox .
-1-22 DataGridView

(1 2005VS Northwind Customers DataGridview

.
(2 Data DataGridview
. DataGridView Tasks
3-22 .
3-22

394

(3 Choose DataSource
Add Project DataSource . DataSource Configuration Wizard

.
(4 Choose a DataSource Type
. 4-22
.
SQL Server Oracle Access ....
Database .
Web Service . objects
.
Database Next .
4-22

(5 Choose Your Data Connection New Connection .

(6 Choose DataSource .

Microsoft

Access Database file DataSource Continue .

(7 Add Connection Browse samples
office .

2003office

C:\Program

Files\Microsoft Office\ Officell\Samples . Northwind.mdb

OK Add
Connection . OK Add Connection
Data Connection

Choose Your . Next

.
395

C#

- 09177112161 -

.
YES .
(8

Save the ConnectionString on the Application Configuration

File . Next .
(9 Choose Your Data Objects
.

.
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Configuration Wizard 1-22 .
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397

DataSource

C#

- 09177112161 -

-4 Choose a DataSource Type DataBase Next .

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Add

Connection .
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Next .
.
. Yes .
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Database Objects . Tables Customers

. CompanyName
ContactName ContactTitle Finish .
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Other

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CustomersBindingSource .
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Delete DataSet
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399

C#

- 09177112161 -

SQL .
SELECT.

DataGridView TextBox .
.
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400



SQL SERVER ADO.NET

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Server .
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 SQL Server ADO.NET

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ADO.NET System.Data
System.Data.OleDb .System.Data.SqlClient
System.Data.SqlClient SQL

Server . System.Data.OleDb
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System.Data System.Data.OracleClient
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SqlParameter

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09177112161 -;using System.Data

SqlClient
.

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SqlConnection
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404

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Security ) Integrated Security

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SqlConnection objConnection = new
;)";SqlConnection("Server=localhost;Database=Pubs;User" +" ID=sa;Password=csdotnet
ConnectionString SQL Server .

localhost SQL
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ConnectionString Pubs .
User ID Password
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ConntionString
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:
405

C#

09177112161 -// Open the database connection

;)(objConnection.Open
// ... Use the connection
;)(objConnection.Close
// Close the database connection

SqlConnection

.

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SqlCommand SQL .
SELECT INSERT
DELETE
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SqlCommand Overload
SqlCommand .
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;)(SqlCommand objCommand = new SqlCommand

SqlCommand
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SQL
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CommandText

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SQL :
SqlConnection objConnection = new
SqlConnection("Server=localhost;Database=Pubs;User " +
;)";"ID=sa;Password=csdotnet
;)(SqlCommand objCommand = new SqlCommand
;objCommand.Connection = objConnection
objCommand.CommandText = "INSERT INTO authors " +
"(au_id, au_lname, au_fname, contract) " +
;")"VALUES('123-45-6789', 'Barnes', 'David', 1

406

 SQL Server ADO.NET

INSERT SQL .
" authors . au_id

' '6789=45-123 au_iname Barnes au_fname

' 'David Contract 1 ".
INSERT
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. VALUES
.
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Parameters

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SQL
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:

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SqlConnection objConnection = new
SqlConnection("Server=localhost;Database=Pubs;User " +
;)";"ID=sa;Password=csdotnet
;)(SqlCommand objCommand = new SqlCommand
;objCommand.Connection = objConnection
objCommand.CommandText = "INSERT INTO authors " +
"(au_id, au_lname, au_fname, contract) " +
;")"VALUES(@au_id, @au_lname, @au_fname, @au_contract

SQL
. .
Paramaters SqlCommand
.
PlaceHolder

407

C#

- 09177112161 -

SQL
#C .
SqlCommand Parameters

. .
.
.
SqlConnection objConnection = new
SqlConnection("Server=localhost;Database=Pubs;User
;)";ID=sa;Password=csdotnet
;)(SqlCommand objCommand = new SqlCommand
;objCommand.Connection = objConnection
objCommand.CommandText = "INSERT INTO authors " +
"(au_id, au_lname, au_fname, contract) " +
;")"VALUES(@au_id, @au_lname, @au_fname, @au_contract
objCommand.Parameters.AddWithValue("@au_id",
;)txtAuId.Text
objCommand.Parameters.AddWithValue("@au_lname",
;)txtLastName.Text
objCommand.Parameters.AddWithValue("@au_fname",
;)txtFirstName.Text
objCommand.Parameters.AddWithValue("@au_contract",
;)chkContract.Checked

AddWithValue
Parameters .
@ au_id Text txtAuId .
@ au_lName Text txtLastName ...
ExecuteNonQuery

.
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SqlCommand .
. SqlCommand

SELECT
. )
( .

SQL . .
ExecuteNonQuery .
SqlConnection objConnection = new
SqlConnection("Server=localhost;Database=Pubs;User
;)";ID=sa;Password=csdotnet
;)(SqlCommand objCommand = new SqlCommand
;objCommand.Connection = objConnection
objCommand.CommandText = "INSERT INTO authors " +
"(au_id, au_lname, au_fname, contract) " +
;")"VALUES(@au_id, @au_lname, @au_fname, @au_contract
objCommand.Parameters.AddWithValue("@au_id",
;)txtAuId.Text
objCommand.Parameters.AddWithValue("@au_lname",

408

 SQL Server ADO.NET

;)txtLastName.Text
objCommand.Parameters.AddWithValue("@au_fname",
;)txtFirstName.Text
objCommand.Parameters.AddWithValue("@au_contract",
;)chkContract.Checked
;)(objConnection.Open
;)(objCommand.ExecuteNonQuery
;)(objConnection.Close

-4-2-23 SqlDataAdapter
DataAdapter
DataSet .
SqlCommand
SqlCommand SqlConnection .
DatAdapter SqlCommand SqlConnection

.
DataAdapter SelectCommand
. DataAdapter
DataSet DataTable
. Datadapter
InsertCommand DeleteCommand UpdateCommand SqlCommand
DataAdapter
.
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.
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SELECT .
DataAdapter SELECT . VS
CommandBuilder SELECT UPDATEINSERT
DELETE . SelectCommand
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SelectCommand

1-23 SelectCommand DataAdapter

DataSet .
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409

C#

- 09177112161 -

DataAdapter
SelectCommand DataAdapter . SqlCommand
.
SqlCommand
. :

:Connection SqlConnection
.

:CommandText SQL
.

SQL CommandText SqlCommand .

CommandType SqlCommand StoredProcedure
CommandText .SQL
SQL CommandText CommandType
.
SelectCommand SQL

SQL
DataAdapter :
// Declare a SqlDataAdapter object...
;)(SqlDataAdapter objDataAdapter = new SqlDataAdapter
// Assign a new SqlCommand to the SelectCommand property
;)(objDataAdapter.SelectCommand = new SqlCommand
// Set the SelectCommand properties...
;objDataAdapter.SelectCommand.Connection = objConnection
= objDataAdapter.SelectCommand.CommandText
"SELECT au_lname, au_fname FROM authors " +
;""ORDER BY au_lname, au_fname

410

 SQL Server ADO.NET

SqlDataAdapter .
SelectCommand . SqlCommand
Connection
. CommandText SQL
.

SelectCommand

. SQL
.
usp_select SQL
. :
// Declare a SqlDataAdapter object...
;)(SqlDataAdapter objDataAdapter = new SqlDataAdapter
// Assign a new SqlCommand to the SelectCommand property
;)(objDataAdapter.SelectCommand = new SqlCommand
// Set the SelectCommand properties...
;objDataAdapter.SelectCommand.Connection = objConnection
;"objDataAdapter.SelectCommand.CommandText = "usp_select
= objDataAdapter.SelectCommand.CommandType
;CommandType.StoredProcedure
SQL CommandText

.
CommandText .SQL
CommandType . CommandType.Text
SQL .
CommandType.StoredProcedure CommandText
.

CommandBuilder SQL
SelectCommand DataAdapter
DataSet .

. SQL
DataAdapter
.
SQL .
CommandBuilder SELECT
DataAdapter UPDATE INSERT DELETE .
.
// Declare a SqlDataAdapter object...
;)(SqlDataAdapter objDataAdapter = new SqlDataAdapter
// Assign a new SqlCommand to the SelectCommand property
;)(objDataAdapter.SelectCommand = new SqlCommand

411

09177112161 - -

C#

// Set the SelectCommand properties...

objDataAdapter.SelectCommand.Connection = objConnection;
objDataAdapter.SelectCommand.CommandText = "usp_select";
objDataAdapter.SelectCommand.CommandType =
CommandType.StoredProcedure;
// automatically create update/delete/insert commands
SqlCommandBuilder objCommandBuilder =
new SqlCommandBuilder(objDataAdapter);
DataSet

.
. DataSet
Fill

SelectCommand SQL DataAdapter Fill

. DataSet
. DataSet
// Declare a SqlDataAdapter object...
SqlDataAdapter objDataAdapter = new SqlDataAdapter();
// Assign a new SqlCommand to the SelectCommand property
objDataAdapter.SelectCommand = new SqlCommand();
// Set the SelectCommand properties...
objDataAdapter.SelectCommand.Connection = objConnection;
objDataAdapter.SelectCommand.CommandText = "usp_select";
objDataAdapter.SelectCommand.CommandType =
CommandType.StoredProcedure;
DataSet objDataSet = new DataSet();

Fill DataAdapter DataSet

Fill . DataSet
:
SqlDataAdapter.Fill(DataSet, String);
String . DataSet DataSet

DataSet .
.

.
.
Fill
: ObjDataSet authors
// Declare a SqlDataAdapter object...
SqlDataAdapter objDataAdapter = new SqlDataAdapter();
// Create an instance of a new select command object
objDataAdapter.SelectCommand = new SqlCommand();
// Set the SelectCommand properties...
objDataAdapter.SelectCommand.Connection = objConnection;
objDataAdapter.SelectCommand.CommandText = "usp_select";
objDataAdapter.SelectCommand.CommandType =
CommandType.StoredProcedure;
DataSet objDataSet = new DataSet();
// Fill the DataSet object with data...
objDataAdapter.Fill(objDataSet, "authors");

412

 SQL Server ADO.NET

Fill Connection SelectCommand

. Connection .
Fill Connection
. Connection Fill Open
Close
.
.
DataSet Sql .
System.Data.SqlClient System.Data . Dataset
SqlClient OleDb
) ( .
) (.

-5-2-23 DataSet
DataSet .
.

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.
.

DataAdapter .
DataSet XML .
DataSet .
DataSet XML .
DataSet DataSet
.
XML DataSet ) XML
( . DataSet XSD
DataSet ) . ( 2-23

413

C#

- 09177112161 -

2-23
XML CustomerDataSet VS .
DataSet
. DataSet .
DataSet
.
.

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DataView
DataSet . DataView
DataSet DataView .
.
DataSet
DataTable . DataAdapter DataSet
) ( DataTable
DataSet . DataView
DataSet .
SQL .
DataView DataSet
. authors DataSet LastName

DataView
FirstName LastName DataView LastName
authors FirstName . . .
DataView DataTable
DataTable .
DataView
. DataView authors ObjDataSet .
414

 SQL Server ADO.NET

Tables DataSet
.
// Set the DataView object to the DataSet object...
DataView objDataView = new
;))"DataView(objDataSet.Tables("authors
Sort

DataView DataSet
. .
Sort DataView
. authors DataView
FirstName LastName :
;"objDataView.Sort = "au_fname, au_lname
ORDER BY

SELECT SQL . SELECT

DESC . authors
FirstName lastName :
;"objDataView.Sort = "au_fname,au_lname DESC
RowFilter

DataView
. WHERE SELECT
SQL .
RowFilter .
WHERE SELECT .
" '
. authors LastName Green :
// Set the DataView object to the DataSet object...
DataView objDataView = new
;))"DataView(objDataSet.Tables("authors
;"'objDataView.RowFilter = "au_lname = 'Green
authors LastName Green :
// Set the DataView object to the DataSet object...
DataView objDataView = new
;))"DataView(objDataSet.Tables("authors
;"'objDataView.RowFilter = "au_lname <> 'Green
AND OR

. authors
FirstName D LastName Green:
= objDataView.RowFilter
;"'*"au_lname <> 'Green' AND au_fname LIKE 'D

415

C#

- 09177112161 -

Find

Find DataView .

. Find
.
ObjDataView authors
FirstName Ann . au_fname

Find Ann . :
;int intPosition
;"objDataView.Sort = "au_fname
;)"intPosition = objDataView.Find("Ann
DataView FirstName Ann

. . Find

.
Ann ANN . . .
.
.
Del Castillo Del Find
. :
;"objDataView.Sort = "au_lname
;)"intPosition = objDataView.Find("del castillo
DataView .

. .
Object
. Find .
Simon Watts . :
;int intPosition
;]Object[] arrValues = new Object[1
;"objDataView.Sort = "au_fname, au_lname
// Find the author named Simon Watts.
;"arrValues[0]= "Simon
;"arrValues[1] = "Watts
;)intPosition = objDataView.Find(arrValues

: object Find .
NET. object .
object .
. authors
25 Ann .
.

416

 SQL Server ADO.NET

-3-23 ADO.NET
ADO.NET
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...
.
DataSet .
SqlCommand SqlConnection SqlDataAdapter DataSet
DataGrid
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. .

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. pubs 2000SQL Server
. 7 2005 msde 2000SQL Server
pubs .
.
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titles .

titleauthor .
3-23

417

C#

- 09177112161 -

SELECT
:
SELECT au_lname, au_fname, title, price
FROM authors
JOIN titleauthor ON authors.au_id = titleauthor.au_id
JOIN titles ON titleauthor.title_id = titles.title_id
ORDER BY au_lname, au_fname

. authors titles

authors .
au_id authors titleauthor .
authors titleauthor
au_id authors .
titles titleauthor title_id
. titleauthor
titles .
.
: SELECT
.
SELECT
. .
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(2 Properties :
Size 600/ 230 .
418

 SQL Server ADO.NET

StartPosition CenterScreen .
Text Bound DataSet .
(3 Data DataGridView
:
Name grdAuthorTitles .
Anchor Top/Left/Right/Bottom .
Location 0/ 0 .
Size 592/ 203 .
(4 1Form
. 1Form :
// Using Data and SqlClient namespaces...
;using System.Data
;using System.Data.SqlClient
public partial class Form1 : Form
{
}

(5 .
.
ConnectionString .
public partial class Form1 : Form
{
(SqlConnection objConnection = new SqlConnection
"server=localhost;database=pubs;" +
;)"="user id=sa;password
;)(SqlDataAdapter objDataAdapter = new SqlDataAdapter
;)(DataSet objDataSet = new DataSet
)(public Form1
{

:
Server SQL Server .
Password,User ID
. .
Password ConnectionString
. .;=Password
(6 Forml load
. :
)private void Form1_Load(object sender, EventArgs e
{
// Set the SelectCommand properties...
;)(objDataAdapter.SelectCommand = new SqlCommand
= objDataAdapter.SelectCommand.Connection
;objConnection
= objDataAdapter.SelectCommand.CommandText
"SELECT au_lname, au_fname, title, price " +
"FROM authors " +
"JOIN titleauthor ON authors.au_id = " +
"titleauthor.au_id " +
"JOIN titles ON titleauthor.title_id = " +

419

C#

09177112161 -"titles.title_id " +

;""ORDER BY au_lname, au_fname
= objDataAdapter.SelectCommand.CommandType
;CommandType.Text
// Open the database connection...
;)(objConnection.Open
// Fill the DataSet object with data...
;)"objDataAdapter.Fill(objDataSet, "authors
// Close the database connection...
;)(objConnection.Close
// Set the DataGridView properties
// to bind it to our data...
;grdAuthorTitles.AutoGenerateColumns = true
;grdAuthorTitles.DataSource = objDataSet
;"grdAuthorTitles.DataMember = "authors
// Clean up
;objDataAdapter = null
;objConnection = null
}

(7 4-23 .
4-23

(8 DataGridView .
.
.
:
.
2-23
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-

- ) (.

-2 form_Load :
)private void Form1_Load(object sender, EventArgs e
{// Set the SelectCommand properties...
;)(objDataAdapter.SelectCommand = new SqlCommand
= objDataAdapter.SelectCommand.Connection
;objConnection
= objDataAdapter.SelectCommand.CommandText

420

ADO.NET SQL Server

"SELECT au_lname, au_fname, title, price " +

"FROM authors " +
"JOIN titleauthor ON authors.au_id = " +
"titleauthor.au_id " +
"JOIN titles ON titleauthor.title_id = " +
"titles.title_id " +
"ORDER BY au_lname, au_fname";
objDataAdapter.SelectCommand.CommandType =
CommandType.Text;
// Open the database connection...
objConnection.Open();
// Fill the DataSet object with data...
objDataAdapter.Fill(objDataSet, "authors");
// Close the database connection...
objConnection.Close();
// Set the DataGridView properties
// to bind it to our data...
grdAuthorTitles.AutoGenerateColumns = true;
grdAuthorTitles.DataSource = objDataSet;
grdAuthorTitles.DataMember = "authors";
// Declare and set
// the currency header alignment property...
DataGridViewCellStyle objAlignRightCellStyle = new
DataGridViewCellStyle();
objAlignRightCellStyle.Alignment =
DataGridViewContentAlignment.MiddleRight;
// Declare and set the alternating rows style...
DataGridViewCellStyle objAlternatingCellStyle = new
DataGridViewCellStyle();
objAlternatingCellStyle.BackColor = Color.WhiteSmoke;
grdAuthorTitles.AlternatingRowsDefaultCellStyle =
objAlternatingCellStyle;
// Declare and set the style for currency cells ...
DataGridViewCellStyle objCurrencyCellStyle = new
DataGridViewCellStyle();
objCurrencyCellStyle.Format = "c";
objCurrencyCellStyle.Alignment =
DataGridViewContentAlignment.MiddleRight;
// Change column names
// and styles using the column name
grdAuthorTitles.Columns["price"].HeaderCell.Value =
"Retail Price";
grdAuthorTitles.Columns["price"].HeaderCell.Style =
objAlignRightCellStyle;
grdAuthorTitles.Columns["price"].DefaultCellStyle =
objCurrencyCellStyle;
// Change column names
// and styles using the column index
grdAuthorTitles.Columns[0].HeaderText = "Last Name";
grdAuthorTitles.Columns[1].HeaderText = "First Name";
grdAuthorTitles.Columns[2].HeaderText = "Book Title";
grdAuthorTitles.Columns[2].Width = 225;
// Clean up
objDataAdapter = null;
objConnection = null;
objCurrencyCellStyle = null;
objAlternatingCellStyle = null;
objAlignRightCellStyle = null;
}
DataGrid DataGridViewCellStyle

.
. 5-23 . -3
4-23
5-23

421

C#

- 09177112161 -

-4-23
DataGridView .
.
.
TextBox

.
.
.
.

RadioButton CheckBox TextBox .
ListBox ComboBox DataGridView
.

:CurrencyManager,BindingContext-1-4-23
BindingContext .
.
BindingContext CurrencyManager .
CurrencyManager ) ( DataSet
.
.
CurrencyManager DataTable DataSet
DataSetView DataView .
CurrencyManager .
.
CurrencyManager

CurrencyManager BindingContext .
422

 SQL Server ADO.NET

CurrencyManager BindingContext
.
DataSet
CurrencyManager Authors .
CurrencyManager . CurrencyManager
objDataSet BindingContext . BindingContext
CurrencyManager ) ( CurrencyManager

:
;CurrencyManager objCurrencyManager
= objCurrencyManager
;)](CurrencyManager)(this.BindingContext[objDataSet
Position

. :
CurrencyManager
.
;objCurrencyManager.Position += 1
objDataSet

:
;objCurrencyManager.Position -= 1

objDataSet :
;objCurrencyManager.Position = 0

Count CurrencyManager
CurrencyManager .
:
;objCurrencyManager.Position = objCurrencyManager.Count - 1

.
.
.

-2-4-23
DataBindings .
DataBindingsCollection . Add

. :
object.DataBindings.Add(propertyName,
;)dataSource, dataMember

:
:Object .
:propertyName .

423

C#

- 09177112161 -

:dataSource
DataTable DataView DataSet .
:dataMember propertyName
.

Add . Text txtFirstName

au-fname objDataView :
txtFirstName.DataBindings.Add("Text",
;)"objDataView, "au_fname

.
Clear ControlBindingsCollection .
. :
;)(txtFirstName.DataBindings.Clear

ControlBindingsCollection BindingContext CurrencgManager .

.
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-2 ToolTip .
1Form .
-3 . Properties
:
FormBorderStyle FixedDialog .
maximizeBox False .
MinimizeBox False .
Size 360"430 .
StartPosition CenterScreen .
Text Binding Controls .
(4
6-23.
.
6-23 .
.
.
6-23
424

 SQL Server ADO.NET

(5 GroupBox :
o

Size 128;408 .

Location 8;8 .

Text Authors && Titles .

: & GroupBox && . &

.
( 6 Label GroupBoxl :
AutoSize

Text

Size

Location

Name

False

Last Name

16;64

26;8

Label1

False

First Name

16;64

50;8

Label2

False

Book Title

16;56

74;8

Label3

False

Price

16;64

98;8

Label4

(7 TextBox GroupBoxl
:
ReadOnly

Size

Location

Name

True

20;88

24;72

txtLastName

True

20;88

48;72

txtFirstName

False

20;328

72;72

txtBookTitle

False

20;48

96;72

txtPrice

425

09177112161 - -

C#

GroupBox ( 8
:
. 144;8 Location
. 168;408 Size
. Navigation Text
: 2GroupBox Label ( 9
Name

Location

Size

Text

AutoSize

Label5

23;8

16;64

Field

False

Label6

48;8

16;80 SearchCriteria

False

CboField Name . 2GroupBox ComboBox ( 10

DropDownStyle 21;88 Size 21;88 Location
. DropDownList
: 2GroupBox TextBox ( 11
Name

Location

Size

TabStop

TextAlign

txtSearchCriteria

48;88

20;200

txtRecordPosition

130;152

20;85

False

Center

: 2GroupBox Button ( 12
Name

Location

Size

Text

ToolTip On
ToolTip1

btnPerformSort

16;304

24;96

Perform Sort

btnPerformSearch

48;304

24;96

Perform
Search

btnNew

88;40

24;72

New

btnAdd

88;120

24;72

Add

btnUpdate

88;200

24;72

Update

btnDelete

88;280

24;72

Delete

btnMoveFirst

128;88

24;29

>|

Move First

btnMovePrevious

128;120

24;29

>

Move
Previous

btnMoveNext

128;200

24;29

<

Move Next

btnMoveLast

128;272

24;29

|<

Move Last

426

ADO.NET SQL Server

Size Location Name . StatusStrip ( 13

. StatusLabel .
. 6-23 ( 14
Forml .( 15
: System.Data.SqlClient System.Data
// Import Data and SqlClient namespaces
using System.Data;
using System.Data.SqlClient;

.( 16
. SQL
: Forml
public partial class Form1 : Form
{
// Constant strings
private const string _CommandText =
"SELECT authors.au_id, au_lname, au_fname, " +
"titles.title_id, title, price " +
"FROM authors " +
"JOIN titleauthor ON authors.au_id = " +
"titleauthor.au_id " +
"JOIN titles ON titleauthor.title_id = " +
"titles.title_id " +
"ORDER BY au_lname, au_fname";
private const string _ConnectionString =
"server=localhost;database=pubs;" +
"user id=sa;password=;";
// Declare global objects...
SqlConnection objConnection;
SqlDataAdapter objDataAdapter;
DataSet objDataSet;
DataView objDataView;
CurrencyManager objCurrencyManager;
ConnectionString :

Password-User ID.
. localhost
:( 17
public Form1()
{
objConnection = new SqlConnection(_ConnectionString);
objDataAdapter = new SqlDataAdapter(_CommandText, bjConnection);
InitializeComponent();
}
. FillDataSetAndView ( 18

: Forml .
private void FillDataSetAndView()
{
// Initialize a new instance of the DataSet object...
objDataSet = new DataSet();
// Fill the DataSet object with data...
objDataAdapter.Fill(objDataSet, "authors");
// Set the DataView object to the DataSet object...
objDataView = new DataView(
objDataSet.Tables["authors"]);
// Set our CurrencyManager object
// to the DataView object...
objCurrencyManager = (CurrencyManager)( this.BindingContext[objDataView]);
}

427

09177112161 - -

C#

( 19
: DataView
private void BindFields()
{
// Clear any previous bindings...
txtLastName.DataBindings.Clear();
txtFirstName.DataBindings.Clear();
txtBookTitle.DataBindings.Clear();
txtPrice.DataBindings.Clear();
// Add new bindings to the DataView object...
txtLastName.DataBindings.Add("Text",
objDataView, "au_lname");
txtFirstName.DataBindings.Add("Text",
objDataView, "au_fname");
txtBookTitle.DataBindings.Add("Text",
objDataView, "title");
txtPrice.DataBindings.Add("Text",
objDataView, "price");
// Display a ready status...
ToolStripStatusLabel1.Text = "Ready";
}

:( 20
private void ShowPosition()
{
// Always format the number
// in the txtPrice field to include cents
try
{
txtPrice.Text =
Decimal.Parse(txtPrice.Text).ToString("##0.00");
}
catch(System.Exception e)
{
txtPrice.Text = "0";
txtPrice.Text =
Decimal.Parse(txtPrice.Text).ToString("##0.00");
}
// Display the current position
// and the number of records
txtRecordPosition.Text =
(objCurrencyManager.Position + 1) +
" of " + objCurrencyManager.Count;
}

( 21
. .
)Load
.(GroupBox
:
private void Form1_Load(object sender, EventArgs e)
{
// Add items to the combo box...
cboField.Items.Add("Last Name");
cboField.Items.Add("First Name");
cboField.Items.Add("Book Title");
cboField.Items.Add("Price");
// Make the first item selected...
cboField.SelectedIndex = 0;
// Fill the DataSet and bind the fields...
FillDataSetAndView();
BindFields();
// Show the current record position...
ShowPosition();
}

428

 SQL Server ADO.NET

(22 .
btnMoveLast btnMovePrevious btnMoveNext
btnMoveFirst .
Click btnMoveFirst :
)private void btnMoveFirst_Click(object sender, EventArgs e
{
// Set the record position to the first record...
;objCurrencyManager.Position = 0
// Show the current record position...
;)(ShowPosition
}
(23 Click btnMovePrevious :
private void btnMovePrevious_Click(object sender,
)EventArgs e
{
// Move to the previous record...
;objCurrencyManager.Position -= 1
// Show the current record position...
;)(ShowPosition
}

(24 btnMoveNext_Click :
)private void btnMoveNext_Click(object sender, EventArgs e
{
// Move to the next record...
;objCurrencyManager.Position += 1
//Show the current record position...
;)(ShowPosition
}
(25 btnMoveLast_Click :
)private void btnMoveLast_Click(object sender, EventArgs e
{
// Set the record position to the last record...
= objCurrencyManager.Position
;objCurrencyManager.Count - 1
// Show the current record position...
;)(ShowPosition
}

(26 .
. DataView .
CurrencyManager
.
7-23 .
.
.
.
7-23

429

C#

- 09177112161 -

.
.

. .
: .
.
-4-23
(1 Forml Perform Sort
Click . :
private void btnPerformSort_Click(object sender,
)EventArgs e
{
// Determine the appropriate item selected and set the
// Sort property of the DataView object...
)switch(cboField.SelectedIndex
{
case 0: // Last Name
;"objDataView.Sort = "au_lname
;break
case 1: // First Name
;"objDataView.Sort = "au_fname
;break
case 2: // Book Title
;"objDataView.Sort = "title
;break
case 3: // Price
;"objDataView.Sort = "price
;break
}
// Call the click event for the MoveFirst button...
;)btnMoveFirst_Click(null, null
// Display a message
// that the records have been sorted...
;"ToolStripStatusLabel1.Text = "Records Sorted
}

430

ADO.NET SQL Server

ComboBox . ( 2
-23 . Perform Sort
Price 8
8-23

-5-23
Click Perform Search ( 1
: .
private void btnPerformSearch_Click(object sender,
EventArgs e)
{
// Declare local variables...
int intPosition;
// Determine the appropriate item selected and set the
// Sort property of the DataView object...
switch(cboField.SelectedIndex)
{
case 0: // Last Name
objDataView.Sort = "au_lname";
break;
case 1: // First Name
objDataView.Sort = "au_fname";
break;
case 2: // Book Title
objDataView.Sort = "title";
break;
case 3: // Price
objDataView.Sort = "price";
break;
}
// If the search field is not price then...
if (cboField.SelectedIndex < 3)
{
// Find the last name, first name, or title...
intPosition =objDataView.Find(txtSearchCriteria.Text);
}
else
{
// otherwise find the price...
intPosition = objDataView.Find(

431

C#

09177112161 -;))Decimal.Parse(txtSearchCriteria.Text
}
)if (intPosition == -1
{
// Display a message
// that the record was not found...
;"ToolStripStatusLabel1.Text = "Record Not Found
}
else
{
// Otherwise display a message that the record
// was found and reposition the CurrencyManager
// to that record...
;"ToolStripStatusLabel1.Text = "Record Found
;objCurrencyManager.Position = intPosition
}
// Show the current record position...
;)(ShowPosition
}

(2 .
ComboBox Search Criteria .
Perform Search .

.
) .(9-23
.
9-23

-6-23
(1 Forml btnNew click
. :
)private void btnNew_Click(object sender, EventArgs e
{
// Clear the book title and price fields...
;"" = txtBookTitle.Text
;"" = txtPrice.Text

432

ADO.NET SQL Server

. btnAdd_Click ( 2
.
.
. Click Add
:
private void btnAdd_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
{
// Declare local variables and objects...
int intPosition, intMaxID;
String strID;
SqlCommand objCommand = new SqlCommand();
// Save the current record position...
intPosition = objCurrencyManager.Position;
// Create a new SqlCommand object...
SqlCommand maxIdCommand = new SqlCommand(
"SELECT MAX(title_id)" +
"FROM titles WHERE title_id LIKE 'DM%'",
objConnection);
// Open the connection, execute the command
objConnection.Open();
Object maxId = maxIdCommand.ExecuteScalar();
// If the MaxID column is null...
if (maxId == DBNull.Value)
{
// Set a default value of 1000...
intMaxID = 1000;
}
else
{
// otherwise set the strID variable
// to the value in MaxID...
strID = (String)maxId;
// Get the integer part of the string...
intMaxID = int.Parse(strID.Remove(0, 2));
// Increment the value...
intMaxID += 1;
}
// Finally, set the new ID...
strID = "DM" + intMaxID.ToString();
// Set the SqlCommand object properties...
objCommand.Connection = objConnection;
objCommand.CommandText = "INSERT INTO titles " +
"(title_id, title, type, price, pubdate) " +
"VALUES(@title_id,@title,@type,@price,@pubdate);" +
"INSERT INTO titleauthor (au_id, title_id) " +
"VALUES(@au_id,@title_id)";
// Add parameters for the placeholders in the SQL in
// the CommandText property...
// Parameter for the title_id column...
objCommand.Parameters.AddWithValue("@title_id",
strID);
// Parameter for the title column...
objCommand.Parameters.AddWithValue("@title",
txtBookTitle.Text);
// Parameter for the type column
objCommand.Parameters.AddWithValue("@type", "Demo");
// Parameter for the price column...
objCommand.Parameters.AddWithValue("@price",
txtPrice.Text).DbType = DbType.Currency;
// Parameter for the pubdate column
objCommand.Parameters.AddWithValue("@pubdate",
DateTime.Now);
// Parameter for the au_id column...
objCommand.Parameters.AddWithValue("@au_id",
this.BindingContext[objDataView,"au_id"].Current);
// Execute the SqlCommand object
// to insert the new data...

433

C#

09177112161 -try
{
;)(objCommand.ExecuteNonQuery
}
)catch(SqlException SqlExceptionErr
{
;)MessageBox.Show(SqlExceptionErr.Message
}
// Close the connection...
;)(objConnection.Close
// Fill the dataset and bind the fields...
;)(FillDataSetAndView
;)(BindFields
// Set the record position
// to the one that you saved...
;objCurrencyManager.Position = intPosition
// Show the current record position...
;)(ShowPosition
// Display a message that the record was added...
;"ToolStripStatusLabel1.Text = "Record Added
}

ExecuteScalar SQL .
(3
Add . Price BookTitle
10-23 . .
10-23

(4

Add .
.
.
11-23

434

ADO.NET SQL Server

-7-23
. click btnUpdate ( 1
:
private void btnUpdate_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
{
// Declare local variables and objects...
int intPosition;
SqlCommand objCommand = new SqlCommand();
// Save the current record position...
intPosition = objCurrencyManager.Position;
// Set the SqlCommand object properties...
objCommand.Connection = objConnection;
objCommand.CommandText = "UPDATE titles " +
"SET title = @title, price = @price " +
"WHERE title_id = @title_id";
objCommand.CommandType = CommandType.Text;
// Add parameters for the placeholders in the SQL in
// the CommandText property...
// Parameter for the title field...
objCommand.Parameters.AddWithValue("@title",
txtBookTitle.Text);
// Parameter for the price field...
objCommand.Parameters.AddWithValue("@price",
txtPrice.Text).DbType = DbType.Currency;
// Parameter for the title_id field...
objCommand.Parameters.AddWithValue("@title_id",
this.BindingContext[objDataView,"title_id"].Current);
// Open the connection...
objConnection.Open();
// Execute the SqlCommand object to update the data...
objCommand.ExecuteNonQuery();
// Close the connection...
objConnection.Close();
// Fill the DataSet and bind the fields...
FillDataSetAndView();
BindFields();
// Set the record position
// to the one that you saved...
objCurrencyManager.Position = intPosition;
// Show the current record position...
ShowPosition();
// Display a message that the record was updated...
ToolStripStatusLabel1.Text = "Record Updated";
}

435

09177112161 - -

C#

.( 2
. Price .
. Update
.
12-23

-8-23
click btnDelete
: .
private void btnDelete_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
{
// Declare local variables and objects...
int intPosition;
SqlCommand objCommand = new SqlCommand();
// Save the current record position - 1 for the one to
// be deleted...
intPosition =this.BindingContext[objDataView].Position - 1;
// If the position is less than 0 set it to 0...
if( intPosition < 0 )
intPosition = 0;
// Set the Command object properties...
objCommand.Connection = objConnection;
objCommand.CommandText = "DELETE FROM titleauthor " +
"WHERE title_id = @title_id;" +
"DELETE FROM titles WHERE title_id = @title_id";
// Parameter for the title_id field...
objCommand.Parameters.AddWithValue("@title_id",
this.BindingContext[objDataView,"title_id"].Current);
// Open the database connection...
objConnection.Open();
// Execute the SqlCommand object to update the data...
objCommand.ExecuteNonQuery();
// Close the connection...
objConnection.Close();
// Fill the DataSet and bind the fields...
FillDataSetAndView();
BindFields();
// Set the record position
// to the one that you saved...

436

(1

 SQL Server ADO.NET

= this.BindingContext[objDataView].Position
;intPosition
// Show the current record position...
;)(ShowPosition
// Display a message that the record was deleted...
;"ToolStripStatusLabel1.Text = "Record Deleted
}

(2 .
.
Delete . pubs
SQL Server
.
.
.
sales .
.
13-23

-5-23
ADO.NET SqlDataAdapter SqlCommand SqlConnection
SqlParameter
.
SQL Server .
OleDb System.Data.OleDb .
DataSet DataView System.Data

.
437

C#

- 09177112161 -

CurrencyManager .

.

438

. System.Threading
.
CLR
.
1 .
.
2
. .

.
. ) (
.
. .
.

Kill

MultiThread

C#

- 09177112161 -

. .
.
)
( .
.
.

-1-24
.
Pi 10 .
. .
.
.
.
:
.
.
. .
Pi .
.
. .

-1-1-24
Thread . Thread
CLR . ThreadStart
. "
" . ThreadStart .
;)(public delegate void ThreadStart
void

. .
;) )Thread myThread = new Thread( new ThreadStart(myFunc

: 1000 .
)(public void Incrementer
{
)for (int i =0;i<1000;i++
{
;)Console.WriteLine("Incrementer: {0}", i
}

440


}
public void Decrementer()
{
for (int i = 1000;i>=0;i--)
{
Console.WriteLine("Decrementer: {0}", i);
}
}

ThreadStart
. .
Thread t1 = new Thread( new ThreadStart(Incrementer) );
Thread t2 = new Thread( new ThreadStart(Decrementer) );
Thread Start .

.
t1.Start();
t2.Start();

. :
System.Threading Using . 1-24

1t 2t . Thread
.
1-24
#region Using directives
using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Text;
using System.Threading;
#endregion
namespace UsingThreads
{
class Tester
{
static void Main( )
{
// make an instance of this class
Tester t = new Tester( );
Console.WriteLine( "Hello" );
// run outside static Main
t.DoTest( );
}
public void DoTest( )
{
// create a thread for the Incrementer
// pass in a ThreadStart delegate
// with the address of Incrementer
Thread t1 =
new Thread(
new ThreadStart( Incrementer ) );
// create a thread for the Decrementer
// pass in a ThreadStart delegate
// with the address of Decrementer
Thread t2 =
new Thread(
new ThreadStart( Decrementer ) );

441

C#

09177112161 -// start the threads

;) (t1.Start
;) (t2.Start
}
// demo function, counts up to 1K
) (public void Incrementer
{
) for ( int i = 0; i < 1000; i++
{
(System.Console.WriteLine
;) "Incrementer: {0}", i
} }
// demo function, counts down from 1k
) (public void Decrementer
{
) for ( int i = 1000; i >= 0; i--
{
(System.Console.WriteLine
;) "Decrementer: {0}", i
} } } }
Output (excerpt):
Incrementer: 102
Incrementer: 103
Incrementer: 104
Incrementer: 105
Incrementer: 106
Decrementer: 1000
Decrementer: 999
Decrementer: 998
Decrementer: 997

106 . 1000
. .
:
.

-2-1-20

.
(1t) 1 (2t) 2.
;) (t2.Join

1t 1t 2t .
()Main
. MyThreads .
.
)foreach (Thread myThread in myThreads

442


{
;)(myThread.Join
}
;)"Console.WriteLine("All my threads are done.

.

.

-3-1-20 Sleep
.
.
.
Thread . overload .
int timeSpan .
) . 2000 2(
timespan )100 ( ()Sleep .
()Thread.Sleep
.
;)Thread.Sleep(1000

Sleep .
.
1-24 ( (1Thread.Sleep Writeln
.
)for (int i =0;i<1000;i++
{
;)Console.WriteLine( "Incrementer: {0}", i
;)Thread.Sleep(1
}

.
.
Incrementer: 0
Incrementer: 1
Decrementer: 1000
Incrementer: 2
Decrementer: 999
Incrementer: 3
Decrementer: 998
Incrementer: 4
Decrementer: 997
Incrementer: 5
Decrementer: 996

443

C#

09177112161 -Incrementer: 6
Decrementer: 995

-4-1-24
. .
KeepAlive .
.
()Thread.Interupt .
Thread. Abort .
ThreadAbortException .
ThreadAbortException .
.
Cancel .
Cancel 1t 2t .
Abort 1t .
;)(t1.Abort

1t 1t .
2-24 Thread .
IsBackground True (
) . (
1Thread ) .2Thread
50 .
50 ()Abort .
.
. All My Thread Are

Done . 2-24 .
2-24
#region Using directives
;using System
;using System.Collections.Generic
;using System.Text
;using System.Threading
#endregion
namespace InterruptingThreads
{
class Tester
{
) (static void Main
{
// make an instance of this class
;) (Tester t = new Tester
// run outside static Main
;) (t.DoTest

444


}
public void DoTest( )
{
// create an array of unnamed threads
Thread[] myThreads =
{
new Thread( new ThreadStart(Decrementer) ),
new Thread( new ThreadStart(Incrementer) ),
new Thread( new ThreadStart(Decrementer) ),
new Thread( new ThreadStart(Incrementer) )
};
// start each thread
int ctr = 1;
foreach (Thread myThread in myThreads)
{
myThread.IsBackground = true;
myThread.Start( );
myThread.Name = "Thread" + ctr.ToString( );
ctr++;
Console.WriteLine("Started thread {0}",
myThread.Name);
Thread.Sleep(50);
}
// ask the first thread to stop
myThreads[0].Interrupt( );
// tell the second thread to abort immediately
myThreads[1].Abort( );
// wait for all threads to end before continuing
foreach (Thread myThread in myThreads)
{
myThread.Join( );
}
// after all threads end, print a message
Console.WriteLine("All my threads are done.");
}
// demo function, counts down from 100
public void Decrementer( )
{
try
{
for (int i = 100; i >= 0; i--)
{
Console.WriteLine(
"Thread {0}. Decrementer: {1}",
Thread.CurrentThread.Name,
i);
Thread.Sleep(1);
}
}
catch (ThreadAbortException)
{
Console.WriteLine(
"Thread {0} aborted! Cleaning up...",
Thread.CurrentThread.Name);
}
catch (System.Exception e)
{
Console.
WriteLine("Thread has been interrupted ");
}
finally

445

09177112161 - {
Console.WriteLine(
"Thread {0} Exiting. ",
Thread.CurrentThread.Name);
} }
// demo function, counts up to 100
public void Incrementer( )
{
try
{
for (int i = 0; i < 100; i++)
{
Console.WriteLine(
"Thread {0}. Incrementer: {1}",
Thread.CurrentThread.Name,
i);
Thread.Sleep(1);
}
}
catch (ThreadAbortException)
{
Console.WriteLine(
"Thread {0} aborted!",
Thread.CurrentThread.Name);
}
catch (System.Exception e)
{
Console.
WriteLine("Thread has been interrupted");
}
finally
{
Console.WriteLine(
"Thread {0} Exiting. ",
Thread.CurrentThread.Name);
}}}}
Output (excerpt):
Started thread Thread1
Thread Thread1. Decrementer: 100
Thread Thread1. Decrementer: 99
Started thread Thread2
Thread Thread2. Incrementer: 0
Thread Thread1. Decrementer: 98
Started thread Thread3
Thread Thread3. Decrementer: 100
Thread Thread1. Decrementer: 97
Thread Thread2. Incrementer: 1
Started thread Thread4
Thread Thread4. Incrementer: 0
Thread Thread2 aborted!
Thread Thread3. Decrementer: 99
Thread Thread2 Exiting.
Thread has been interrupted
Thread Thread3. Decrementer: 98
Thread Thread4. Incrementer: 1

446

C#


Thread Thread1 Exiting.
Thread Thread3. Decrementer: 97
Thread Thread3. Decrementer: 1
Thread Thread4. Incrementer: 98
Thread Thread3. Decrementer: 0
Thread Thread4. Incrementer: 99
Thread Thread3 Exiting.
Thread Thread4 Exiting.
All my threads are done.

100 99 .
. 2thread
. 1thread
. Abort
.
.
.

-2-24

.
. .
.
: InterLock lock #C .Moniter
) .(Counter
Counter .
.
;int counter = 0

Incrementer Counter .
)(public void Incrementer
{
try
{
)while (counter < 1000
{
;int temp = counter
temp++; // increment
// simulate some work in this method
;)Thread.Sleep(1
// assign the Incremented value
// to the counter variable
// and display the results
;counter = temp
(Console.WriteLine
"Thread {0}. Incrementer: {1}",

447

C#

09177112161 -Thread.CurrentThread.Name,
;)counter
}}

.
.
Counter
Counter.
( (0Counter .
. ( (0Counter
. ) (1
Counter . 1 . 1
. 1234 . . . 123344 . . .
.
3-24 .
3-24
#region Using directives
;using System
;using System.Collections.Generic
;using System.Text
;using System.Threading
#endregion
namespace SharedResource
{
class Tester
{
;private int counter = 0
) (static void Main
{
// make an instance of this class
;) (Tester t = new Tester
// run outside static Main
;) (t.DoTest
}
) (public void DoTest
{
;) ) Thread t1 = new Thread( new ThreadStart( Incrementer
;t1.IsBackground = true
;"t1.Name = "ThreadOne
;) (t1.Start
Console.WriteLine( "Started thread {0}",
;) t1.Name
;) ) Thread t2 = new Thread( new ThreadStart( Incrementer
;t2.IsBackground = true
;"t2.Name = "ThreadTwo
;) (t2.Start
Console.WriteLine( "Started thread {0}",
;) t2.Name
;) (t1.Join

448


t2.Join( );
// after all threads end, print a message
Console.WriteLine( "All my threads are done." );
}
// demo function, counts up to 1K
public void Incrementer( )
{
try
{
while ( counter < 1000 )
{
int temp = counter;
temp++; // increment
// simulate some work in this method
Thread.Sleep( 1 );
// assign the decremented value
// and display the results
counter = temp;
Console.WriteLine(
"Thread {0}. Incrementer: {1}",
Thread.CurrentThread.Name,
counter );
}}
catch ( ThreadInterruptedException )
{
Console.WriteLine(
"Thread {0} interrupted! Cleaning up...",
Thread.CurrentThread.Name );
}
finally
{
Console.WriteLine(
"Thread {0} Exiting. ",
Thread.CurrentThread.Name );
}}}}
Output:
Started thread ThreadOne
Started thread ThreadTwo
Thread ThreadOne. Incrementer: 1
Thread ThreadOne. Incrementer: 2
Thread ThreadOne. Incrementer: 3
Thread ThreadTwo. Incrementer: 3
Thread ThreadTwo. Incrementer: 4
Thread ThreadOne. Incrementer: 4
Thread ThreadTwo. Incrementer: 5
Thread ThreadOne. Incrementer: 5
Thread ThreadTwo. Incrementer: 6
Thread ThreadOne. Incrementer: 6

Interlocked -1-2-20
) . CLR
. . Monitor ( NET

449

09177112161 - -

C#

Interlocked . Interlocked CLR
. Decrement Increment
. 3-24 Incrementer
public void Incrementer( )
{
try
{
while (counter < 1000)
{
int temp = Interlocked.Increment(ref counter);
// simulate some work in this method
Thread.Sleep(0);
// display the incremented value
Console.WriteLine(
"Thread {0}. Incrementer: {1}",
Thread.CurrentThread.Name,
temp);
}}}

)( InterLocked.Increment . Finally Catch

ref int . int
.
. long int Overload Increment()
Counter
.
Output (excerpts):
Started thread ThreadOne
Started thread ThreadTwo
Thread ThreadOne. Incrementer: 1
Thread ThreadTwo. Incrementer: 2
Thread ThreadOne. Incrementer: 3
Thread ThreadTwo. Incrementer: 4
Thread ThreadOne. Incrementer: 5
Thread ThreadTwo. Incrementer: 6
Thread ThreadOne. Incrementer: 7
Thread ThreadTwo. Incrementer: 8
Thread ThreadOne. Incrementer: 9
Thread ThreadTwo. Incrementer: 10
Thread ThreadOne. Incrementer: 11
Thread ThreadTwo. Incrementer: 12
Thread ThreadOne. Incrementer: 13
Thread ThreadTwo. Incrementer: 14
Thread ThreadOne. Incrementer: 15
Thread ThreadTwo. Incrementer: 16
Thread ThreadOne. Incrementer: 17
Thread ThreadTwo. Incrementer: 18
Thread ThreadOne. Incrementer: 19

450


Thread ThreadTwo. Incrementer: 20

-2-2-24
InterLocked
. .
lock #C .
lock . .
lock .
.
#C lock .
.
lock(expression) statement-block

: Incrementer lock .
)(public void Incrementer
{
try
{
)while (counter < 1000
{
;int temp
)lock (this
{
;temp = counter
;temp ++
;)Thread.Sleep(1
;counter = temp
}
// assign the decremented value
// and display the results
(Console.WriteLine
"Thread {0}. Incrementer: {1}",
Thread.CurrentThread.Name,
;)temp
}}

Catch Finally .
InterLocked.

-3-2-20
.
.
.
()Monitor.Enter
.
;)Monitor.Enter(this

451

C#

- 09177112161 -

. . ()Wait
()Pulse
()Wait . .
: Download .
. 10 Download .
.
Join
Download . 10 Download .
()Wait .
Tester Decrementer Incrementer . 10
Decrementer .
counter 5.
Enter Decrementer . counter 5
()Wait .
)if (counter < 5
{
;)Monitor.Wait(this
}

()Wait . CLR .
Pulse .
;)Monitor.Pulse(this

()Pulse CLR .
()Exit

.
;)Monitor.Exit(this
4-24 . counter Monitor

.
4-24
#region Using directives
;using System
;using System.Collections.Generic
;using System.Text
;using System.Threading
#endregion
namespace UsingAMonitor
{
class Tester
{
;private long counter = 0
) (static void Main
{
// make an instance of this class

452


Tester t = new Tester( );
// run outside static Main
t.DoTest( );
}
public void DoTest( )
{
// create an array of unnamed threads
Thread[] myThreads =
{
new Thread( new ThreadStart(Decrementer)
new Thread( new ThreadStart(Incrementer)
};
// start each thread
int ctr = 1;
foreach ( Thread myThread in myThreads )
{
myThread.IsBackground = true;
myThread.Start( );
myThread.Name = "Thread" + ctr.ToString(
ctr++;
Console.WriteLine( "Started thread {0}",

),
)

);
myThread.Name );

Thread.Sleep( 50 );
}
// wait for all threads to end before continuing
foreach ( Thread myThread in myThreads )
{
myThread.Join( );
}
// after all threads end, print a message
Console.WriteLine( "All my threads are done." );
}
void Decrementer( )
{
try
{
// synchronize this area of code
Monitor.Enter( this );
// if counter is not yet 10
// then free the monitor to other waiting
// threads, but wait in line for your turn
if ( counter < 10 )
{
Console.WriteLine(
"[{0}] In Decrementer. Counter: {1}. Gotta Wait!",
Thread.CurrentThread.Name, counter );
Monitor.Wait( this );
}
while ( counter > 0 )
{
long temp = counter;
temp--;
Thread.Sleep( 1 );
counter = temp;
Console.WriteLine(
"[{0}] In Decrementer. Counter: {1}. ",
Thread.CurrentThread.Name, counter );
}}
finally
{
Monitor.Exit( this );
}}

453

09177112161 - void Incrementer( )

{
try
{
Monitor.Enter( this );
while ( counter < 10 )
{
long temp = counter;
temp++;
Thread.Sleep( 1 );
counter = temp;
Console.WriteLine(
"[{0}] In Incrementer. Counter: {1}",
Thread.CurrentThread.Name, counter );
}
// I'm done incrementing for now, let another
// thread have the Monitor
Monitor.Pulse( this );
}
finally
{
Console.WriteLine( "[{0}] Exiting...",
Thread.CurrentThread.Name );
Monitor.Exit( this );
}}}}
Output:
Started thread Thread1
[Thread1] In Decrementer. Counter: 0. Gotta Wait!
Started thread Thread2
[Thread2] In Incrementer. Counter: 1
[Thread2] In Incrementer. Counter: 2
[Thread2] In Incrementer. Counter: 3
[Thread2] In Incrementer. Counter: 4
[Thread2] In Incrementer. Counter: 5
[Thread2] In Incrementer. Counter: 6
[Thread2] In Incrementer. Counter: 7
[Thread2] In Incrementer. Counter: 8
[Thread2] In Incrementer. Counter: 9
[Thread2] In Incrementer. Counter: 10
[Thread2] Exiting...
[Thread1] In Decrementer. Counter: 9.
[Thread1] In Decrementer. Counter: 8.
[Thread1] In Decrementer. Counter: 7.
[Thread1] In Decrementer. Counter: 6.
[Thread1] In Decrementer. Counter: 5.
[Thread1] In Decrementer. Counter: 4.
[Thread1] In Decrementer. Counter: 3.
[Thread1] In Decrementer. Counter: 2.
[Thread1] In Decrementer. Counter: 1.
[Thread1] In Decrementer. Counter: 0.
All my threads are done.

454

C#

1Decrementer) Thead) . Decrementer

1Thread 1Thread 2Thread . 2Thread .
.
1Thread .)( Pulse .
. ()Pulse .
Incrementer
.
void Incrementer()
{
try
{
while (counter < 10)
{
Monitor.Enter(this);
long temp = counter;
temp++;
Thread.Sleep(1);
counter = temp;
Console.WriteLine(
"[{0}] In Incrementer. Counter: {1}",
Thread.CurrentThread.Name, counter);
Monitor.Pulse(this);
Monitor.Exit(this);
}

. While if Decrementer
//if (counter < 10)
while (counter < 5)
Counter . Decrementer 2Thread

Decrementer 5 Counter . Decrementer 5

. Incrementer .
.
[Thread2] In Incrementer. Counter: 2
[Thread1] In Decrementer. Counter: 2. Gotta Wait!
[Thread2] In Incrementer. Counter: 3
[Thread1] In Decrementer. Counter: 3. Gotta Wait!
[Thread2] In Incrementer. Counter: 4
[Thread1] In Decrementer. Counter: 4. Gotta Wait!
[Thread2] In Incrementer. Counter: 5
[Thread1] In Decrementer. Counter: 4.
[Thread1] In Decrementer. Counter: 3.
[Thread1] In Decrementer. Counter: 2.
[Thread1] In Decrementer. Counter: 1.
[Thread1] In Decrementer. Counter: 0.
[Thread2] In Incrementer. Counter: 1
[Thread2] In Incrementer. Counter: 2
[Thread2] In Incrementer. Counter: 3

455

C#

09177112161 -[Thread2] In Incrementer. Counter: 4

[Thread2] In Incrementer. Counter: 5
[Thread2] In Incrementer. Counter: 6
[Thread2] In Incrementer. Counter: 7
[Thread2] In Incrementer. Counter: 8
[Thread2] In Incrementer. Counter: 9
[Thread2] In Incrementer. Counter: 10

: .
Wait .

-3-20

Thread.

()Thread.Sleep .

CLR Interlocked .

lock .

()Wait .

456

:
-

Web Web

WebClient

Web Browser

IP DNS

ASP.NET

Internet

Explorer Opera FireFox .

WEB
. .
.
NET. HTTP TCP
.
System.Net System.Net.Socket .
System.Net . 1 2
HTTP . System.Net.Socket
. TCP/IP

Download

Upload

C#

- 09177112161 -

. API ) (Winsock
.
NET. .
WebBrowser
.

.

-1-25 WebClient
URL System.NET.WebClient NET.

. .
URINET. :File: HTTPS:, HTTP .

URI : URL URI

HTTP FTP .

-1-1-25
WebClient .
. ()DownloadFile .
URI : ) ( .
;)(WebClient Client = new WebClient
;)"Client.DownloadFile("http://www.reuters.com/", "ReutersHomepage.htm

.
()OpenRead . ()OpenRead Stream .
.
;)(WebClient Client = new WebClient
;)"Stream strm = Client.OpenRead("http://www.reuters.com/

-2-1-25 WebClient
()WebClient.OpenRead . ListBox

. #c Windows Forms
ListBox 1listBox DockStyle.Fill .
system.Net System.IO
.
)(public Form1
{

458


InitializeComponent();
System.Net.WebClient Client = new WebClient();
Stream strm = Client.OpenRead("http://www.reuters.com");
StreamReader sr = new StreamReader(strm);
string line;
while ( (line=sr.ReadLine()) != null )
{
listBox1.Items.Add(line);
}
strm.Close();
}

. System.Io StreamReader
1-25 . ReadLine
.

1-25
.)( OpenWrite WebClient
. post . . URI
. accept
. accept hello world newfile.txt
WebClient webClient = new WebClient();
Stream stream = webClient.OpenWrite("ftp://localhost/accept/newfile.txt");
StreamWriter streamWriter = new StreamWriter(stream);
streamWriter.WriteLine("Hello World");
streamWriter.Close();

-3-1-25
UpLoadFile .)( UpLoadData )( UpLoadFile WebClient

UpLoadData
. URI
WebClient client = new WebClient();WebClient client = new WebClient();
client.UploadFile("ftp://www.ourwebsite.com/NewFile.htm",
"C:\\WebSiteFiles\\NewFile.htm");
byte[] image;
// code to initialise image so it contains all the binary data for
// some jpg file
client.UploadData("ftp://www.ourwebsite.com/NewFile.jpg", image);

459

C#

- 09177112161 -

-4-1-25 WebRequest WebResponse

WebClient . .
. .

WebClient WebClient
) HTTP FTP). WebClient .
WebRequest WebResponse
System.Net .
. WebRequest
WebResponse . WebClient
WebRequest WebResponse .
()public Form1
}
;()InitializeComponent
;("WebRequest wrq = WebRequest.Create("http://www.reuters.com
;()WebResponse wrs = wrq.GetResponse
;()Stream strm = wrs.GetResponseStream
;(StreamReader sr = new StreamReader(strm
;string line
(while ( (line = sr.ReadLine()) != null
}
;(.Items.Add(line1listBox
{
;()strm.Close
{
WebRequest .
()WebRequest.Create .
WebRequest .
()WebRequest.Create .
WebRequest URI URI .
Create WebResponse . .
()WebRequest.GetResponse WebResponse
. WebClient .
()WebResponse.GetResponseStream .

460

-5-1-25 WebRequest WebResponse

WebRequest WebResponse
.
HTTP

HTTP .
. NET.
. WebRequest WebResponse
. HTTP :

HttpWebRequest,

.HttpWebResponse WebRequest HTTP URI

HttpWebRequest . HttpWebRequest WebRequest .
WebRequest . HttpWebRequest

HTTP . GetResponse
HttpWebResponse WebResponse .
HTTP .
)( GetResponse .
;)listBox1.Items.Add("Request Timeout (ms) = " + wrq.Timeout
;)listBox1.Items.Add("Request Keep Alive = " + hwrq.KeepAlive
;)listBox1.Items.Add("Request AllowAutoRedirect = " + hwrq.AllowAutoRedirect

TimeOut 100000 .
) (WebException .
Status WebException .
.
KeepAlive HTTP .
HttpWebRequest . KeepAlive
. true.
AllowAutoRedirect HttpWebRequest .
true .
MaximumAutomaticRedirections HttpWebReques
.

Headers . GetResponse
ListBox .
;("WebRequest wrq = WebRequest.Create("http://www.reuters.com
;()WebResponse wrs = wrq.GetResponse
;WebHeaderCollection whc = wrs.Headers
(++for(int I = 0; I < whc.Count; i
}
461

C#

- 09177112161 -

;([listBox1.Items.Add("Header " + whc.GetKey(i) + " : " + whc[i

{
2-25 .
2-25

Credentials WebRequest .
) NetworkCredentials (System.Net
. GetResponse .
;("NetworkCredential myCred = new NetworkCredential("myusername", "mypassword
;wrq.Credentials = myCred

-6-1-25
WebRequest .
.
WebClient.DownloadData WebRequest.GetResponse
) ( . .
()BeginGetResponse ()EndGetResponse . BeginGetResponse
.
. WebResponse
IAsyncResult .
EndGetResponse .
BeginGetResponse . CallBack
IAsyncResult void .
.
EndGetResponse CallBack WebResponse .
()public Form1
}
;()InitializeComponent
;("WebRequest wrq = WebRequest.Create("http://www.reuters.com
;(wrq.BeginGetResponse(new AsyncCallback(OnResponse), wrq
{
(protected void OnResponse(IAsyncResult ar
462

}
;WebRequest wrq = (WebRequest)ar.AsyncState
;(WebResponse wrs = wrq.EndGetResponse(ar
... read the response //
{
WebRequest BeginGetResponse

. . CallBack
IAsyncState IAsyncResult .

-2-25 HTML
NET. .
. HTML Internet

Explorer . NET. IE .
. NET. 2,0 COM IE NET.
. 2,0NET . WebBrowser .
IE Process
System.Diagnostics .
;()Process myProcess = new Process
;"myProcess.StartInfo.FileName = "iexplore.exe
;"myProcess.StartInfo.Arguments = "http://www.wrox.com
;()myProcess.Start
IE .
.
WebBrowser
. WebBrowser .

-1-2-25
Windows From TextBox
WebBrowser . URL
Enter .
2005VS 3-25 .

463

09177112161 - -

C#

35-3
) Enter URL
. WebBrowser (
. -KeyPress1textBox
. WebBrowser Enter
.
;using
;using
;using
;using
;using
;using
;using

System
System.Collections.Generic
System.ComponentModel
System.Data
System.Drawing
System.Text
System.Windows.Forms

namespace CSharpInternet

}
partial class Form1 : Form

}
()public Form1
}
;()InitializeComponent
{
(private void textBox1_KeyPress(object sender, KeyPressEventArgs e
}
(if (e.KeyChar == (char)13
}
;(webBrowser1.Navigate(textBox1.Text
{
{
{
{
464

Navigate WebBrowser .Text1textBox URL .

4-25 .

35-4

-2-2-25 IE
.
. Windows From
LinkLabel . " "!Visit our company web side .

.
private void linkLabel1_LinkClicked(object sender, LinkLabelLinkClickedEventArgs

(e
}
;()WebBrowser wb = new WebBrowser
;(wb.Navigate("http://www.wrox.com", true
{
LinkLabel WebBrowser .
WebBrowser.Navigate .
true . false.

-3-2-25 IE
) WebBrowser (
URL . WebBrowser
. .
HTML . DocumentTitleChanged
Text .
465

C#

- 09177112161 -

(private void webBrowser1_DocumentTitleChanged(object sender, EventArgs e

}
;()this.Text = webBrowser1.DocumentTitle.ToString
{
WebBrowser DocumenttitleChanged
URL .
Navigated WebBrowser .
(private void webBrowser1_Navigated(object sender, WebBrowserNavigatedEventArgs e
}
;()textBox1.Text = webBrowser1.Url.ToString
{
WebBrowser Navigated
. Text 1textBox URL .
WebBrowser URL URL .
URL .
.
IE . 5-25 .

35-5
IE WebBrowser .
HomeRefresh Stop Forward Back .
ToolBar Button .
5 TextBox 6-25 .

466

6-25
. IE
. buttonForward

buttonBack

buttonHomebuttonRefresh buttonStop .
Anchor Right Top .
buttonStop buttonForward buttonBack .
WebBrowser .
. Stop
. WebBrowser .
.
System
System.Collections.Generic
System.ComponentModel
System.Data
System.Drawing
System.Windows.Forms

;using
;using
;using
;using
;using
;using

namespace CSharpInternet

}
: Form 1partial class Form

}
()1public Form
}
;()InitializeComponent
{
(_DocumentTitleChanged(object sender, EventArgs e1private void webBrowser
}
;().DocumentTitle.ToString1this.Text = webBrowser
{
467

09177112161 - -

(private void textBox1_KeyPress(object sender, KeyPressEventArgs e

}
(13if (e.KeyChar == (char)
}
;(.Text1.Navigate(textBox1webBrowser
{
{
,private void webBrowser1_Navigated(object sender
(WebBrowserNavigatedEventArgs e
}
;().Url.ToString1.Text = webBrowser1textBox
{
(private void Form1_Load(object sender, EventArgs e
}
;buttonBack.Enabled = false
;buttonForward.Enabled = false
;buttonStop.Enabled = false
{
(private void buttonBack_Click(object sender, EventArgs e
}
;()webBrowser1.GoBack
;()textBox1.Text = webBrowser1.Url.ToString
{
(private void buttonForward_Click(object sender, EventArgs e
}
;()webBrowser1.GoForward
;()textBox1.Text = webBrowser1.Url.ToString
{
(private void buttonStop_Click(object sender, EventArgs e
}
;()webBrowser1.Stop
{
(private void buttonHome_Click(object sender, EventArgs e
}
468

C#

;()webBrowser1.GoHome
;()textBox1.Text = webBrowser1.Url.ToString
{
(private void buttonRefresh_Click(object sender, EventArgs e
}
;()webBrowser1.Refresh
{
(private void buttonSubmit_Click(object sender, EventArgs e
}
;(webBrowser1.Navigate(textBox1.Text
{
(private void webBrowser1_CanGoBackChanged(object sender, EventArgs e
}
(if (webBrowser1.CanGoBack == true
}
;buttonBack.Enabled = true
{
else

}
;buttonBack.Enabled = false
{
{
(private void webBrowser1_CanGoForwardChanged(object sender, EventArgs e
}
(if (webBrowser1.CanGoForward == true
}
;buttonForward.Enabled = true
{
else

}
;buttonForward.Enabled = false
{
{
,private void webBrowser1_Navigating(object sender
(WebBrowserNavigatingEventArgs e
}
;buttonStop.Enabled = true
469

C#

- 09177112161 -

{
,private void webBrowser1_DocumentCompleted(object sender
(WebBrowserDocumentCompletedEventArgs e
}
;buttonStop.Enabled = false
{
{
{
.
. WebBrowser . Back
()GoBack WebBrowser

Stop GoForward

Refresh GoHome . IE
.
_Load1Form .
URL submit
.
.
Stop .
Navigating Stop .
,private void webBrowser1_Navigating(object sender
(WebBrowserNavigatingEventArgs e
}
;buttonStop.Enabled = true
{
Stop .
,private void webBrowser1_DocumentCompleted(object sender
(WebBrowserDocumentCompletedEventArgs e
}
;buttonStop.Enabled = false
{
Back Forward
. CanGoBackChanged CanGoForwardChanged
.
(private void webBrowser1_CanGoBackChanged(object sender, EventArgs e
}
(.CanGoBack == true1if (webBrowser
470

}
;buttonBack.Enabled = true
{
else

}
;buttonBack.Enabled = false
{
{
(private void webBrowser1_CanGoForwardChanged(object sender, EventArgs e
}
(.CanGoForward == true1if (webBrowser
}
;buttonForward.Enabled = true
{
else

}
;buttonForward.Enabled = false
{
{
.
. 7-25 .

7-25

-4-2-25 WebBrowser
WebBrowser .
. WebBrowser
URL . WebBrowser
Word ,Excel PDF .
.
471

C#

09177112161 -;)"webBrowser1.Navigate("C:\\Financial Report.doc

Word . WebBrowser
Word . 8-25 .

8-25
9-25 Adobe PDF .

9-25
WebBrowser WebBrowser

WebBrowser .
AllowWebBrowser WebBrowser false .

-5-2-25 WebBrowser
WebBrowser
. .
;)(webBrowser1.Print

. WebBrowser
HTML . :
472


;)(WebBrowser wb = new WebBrowser
;)"wb.Navigate("http://www.wrox.com
;)(wb.Print

-6-2-25
WebRequest Stream
. .
()public Form1
}
;()InitializeComponent
;()System.Net.WebClient Client = new WebClient
;("Stream strm = Client.OpenRead("http://www.reuters.com
;(StreamReader sr = new StreamReader(strm
;string line
( while ( (line=sr.ReadLine()) != null
}
;(.Items.Add(line1listBox
{
;()strm.Close
WebBrowser .
Document_Completed .
,private void webBrowser1_DocumentCompleted(object sender
(WebBrowserDocumentCompletedEventArgs e
}
;buttonStop.Enabled = false
;()textBox2.Text = webBrowser1.DocumentText.ToString
{
TextBox WebBrowser .
TextBox.
DocumentText WebBrowser
. DocumentStream
Stream . TextBox 10-25
.

473

C#

- 09177112161 -

35-10

-3-25 Web
WebRequest WebResponse . 11-25
.

11-25
.
WebRequest WebResponse .
.
) http, FTP, SMTP (
.
. ()WebRequest.Create HttpWebRequest
GetResponse HttpWebResponse .

.
.
HTTPSFTP HTTP FTP . NET. 2,0

. API
.
474

-1-3-25
IP URI

URI
URI UriBuider System URI UriBuider .
URI URI URI
. URI URI .
Uri MSPage = new
;)"Uri("http://www.Microsoft.com/SomeFolder/SomeFile.htm?Order=true

. URI
.
// Order=true
// SomeFolder/SomeFile.htm
// http

;;string Query = MSPage.Query

;string AbsolutePath = MSPage.AbsolutePath
;string Scheme = MSPage.Scheme

// 80 (the default for http

// www.Microsoft.com
// true since 80 is default

;(int Port = MSPage.Port

;string Host = MSPage.Host
;bool IsDefaultPort = MSPage.IsDefaultPort

UriBulider . URI
. - . URI .
Uri MSPage = new
;)"UriBuilder("http", "www.Microsoft.com", 80, "SomeFolder/SomeFile.htm

URI .
;()UriBuilder MSPage = new UriBuilder
;"MSPage.Scheme ="http
;"MSPage.Host = "www.Microsoft.com
;MSPage.Port = 80
;"MSPage.Path = "SomeFolder/SomeFile.htm
UriBuider URI URI
.
;Uri CompletedUri = MSPage.Uri

-2-3-25 IP DNS
IP ) DNS ( .
. IP
. IP
. IP .
IP .
DNS . DNS IP

475

C#

- 09177112161 -

. IP DNS .
DNS . .
DNS IP .
IP .
.

-3-3-25 NET. IP
NET. IP .
IPAddress

IP . ()GetAddressBytes
)( ToString IPAddress . Parse
ToString . IPAddress .
;)"IPAddress ipAddress = IPAddress.Parse("234.56.78.9
;)(byte[] address = ipAddress.GetAddressBytes
;)(string ipString = ipAddress.ToString

address ipString
" "234,56,78,9 .
IPAddress . LoopBack

Broadcast
.
."127,0,0,1The following line will set loopback to " //
.the loopback address indicates the local host //
;()string loopback = IPAddress.Loopback.ToString
."255,255,255,255The following line will set broadcast address to " //
the broadcast address is used to send a message to all machines on //

.the local network //

;()string broadcast = IPAddress.Broadcast.ToString
IPHostEntry

IPHostEntry .
HostName AddressList IPAddress
. DNSLockupResolver IPHostEntry ..
DNS IP DNS .
()GetHostByAddress(), Resolve ()Resolve
GetHostByAddress IP .
IPHostEntry .
;)"IPHostEntry wroxHost = Dns.Resolve("www.wrox.com
;)"IPHostEntry wroxHostCopy = Dns.GetHostByAddress("208.215.179.178

IPHostEntry wrox.com .
476


DNS

DNS IPAddress IPHostEntry

. IPAddress IPHostEntry
.

-4-3-25 DNSLookup
DNS IP DNS . 12-25 .

12-25
DNS . Resolve
()Dns.Resolve IPHostEntry
IP .
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DNSLookup #c .
btnResolve ,txtBoxInput txtBoxHostName listBoxIPS .
btnResolve Form .
(void btnResolve_Click (object sender, EventArgs e
}
try

}
;(IPHostEntry iphost = Dns.Resolve(txtBoxInput.Text
(foreach (IPAddress ip in iphost.AddressList
}
;()string ipaddress = ip.AddressFamily.ToString
;(listBoxIPs.Items.Add(ipaddress
" + ip.ToString

"(;(()listBoxIPs.Items.Add
{

;txtBoxHostName.Text = iphost.HostName
{
(catch(Exception ex
477

C#

- 09177112161 -

}
+ " MessageBox.Show("Unable to process the request because
"+ "the following problem occurred:\n
;("ex.Message, "Exception occurred
{
{
. DNS
.
IPHostEntry AddressList IP
foreach . IP
()IPAddress.AddressFamily.ToString .

-4-25

System.Net System.Net.Socket

. System.Net .

TCP/IP
.

WebClient .

UpLoadFile .

WebRequest URI .

WebResponse . .

WebRequest WebResponse .

NetworkCredentials

WebBrowser
.

WebBrowser .

WebBrowser HTML .

UriBuider URI .

IPAddress .

IPHostEntry .

478

TCP,UDP

TCP

UDP

NewsTicker UDP

-1-26
1 . .
.
" ) LAN- WAN ( ) cell Phone- WireLess

(LAN- Bluetooth ) (infrared .

#C .
. TCP,UDP .
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Inter process communication

C#

- 09177112161 -

.
TCP/IP ARPA TCP/IP .
) TCP IP
( . NET. Sytem.Net.Sockets.Socket .
IP .
.
. Berkeley Sockets . 1-26
TCP/IP .
1-26

:
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:2 .
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2-26

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Datagram
Stream

480

. .
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TCP . TCP .
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) .(4-26
" ) ( . )
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3-26

4-26

) ( . 5-26 .
5-26

TCP IP IP .- Best-effort .
" Best-effort .
.
TCP . TCP .
. " .
TCP .
. 1 .

Timeout

481

C#

- 09177112161 -

TCP TCP . Http, Ftp, Telnet .

.
" "Hello Aunt . ' 'Hlnt Aelvo . Tcp
. 6-26 http
.
6-26

UDP . .

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) 7-26 ( .
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9 (.
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482

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20 . 16
16 .
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.
" UDP SNMP ,DNS .
UDP . IP ) 10-26
( . IP 224,0,0,1 239,255,255,255 .
.
10-26

483

C#

- 09177112161 -

.
IP . .
.
. .

-3-1-26
.
. 16
0 65535 . 0 1023 ) )MAIL25( HTTP(80
) Telnet(23 .
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11-26

11-26 .
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484

-4-1-26 System.Net
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System.Net .
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(HttpWebResponse //:file ) FileWebRequest .(FileWebResponse
IP .
1-26 .
1-5

IPAddress

IP .

IPEndPoint

.
IP .

-5-1-26 System.Net.Sockets
" .
Socket . .
. 2-26 .
2-26

Socket

NetworkStream

TcpClient

TCP .

TcpListener

TCP
.

UdpClient

UDP .

. TCP .

-2-26 TCP
.
. .
485

C#

- 09177112161 -

)
( . 12-26
12-26

.
LAN .
.
. .
. . 13-26
.
)
( . 14-26 .
.
.
. URL
. URL GET .
HTML .
13-26

14-26

486

.
" "Hello World .
GET, EXIT . :
)(establish tcp connection to the server
)(accept connection
>GET<CRLF
>"Hello World !"<CRLF
>EXIT<CRLF
>BYE<CRLF
)(close connection
)(close connection

c:
s:
c:
s:
c:
s:
c:
s:

C S <CRLF> . ENTER .
HTTP SMTP .

-1-2-26 .Net
. System.Net.Sockets.TcpClient
.System.Net.Sockets.TcpListener TcpClient
. .
.
// connect client to the server 127.0.0.1:8080
;) TcpClient client = new TcpClient ( "127.0.0.1", 8080
// get the network stream for reading and writing something
// to the network
;)( NetworkStream ns = client.GetStream
// read/write something from/to the stream
// disconnect from server
;)( client.Close

. . TcpListener
.
. .
// create a listener for incoming TCP connections on port 8080
;) TcpListener listener = new TcpListener ( 8080
;)( listener.Start
// wait for and accept an incoming connection

487

C#

09177112161 -;)( Socket server = listener.AcceptSocket

// create a network stream for easier use
;) NetworkStream ns = new NetworkStream ( server
// read/write something from/to the stream
// disconnect from client
;)( server.Close

-2-2-26
. TcpHelloWorldServer .
." .
) 15-26 ( 18-26 . ( )Main .
15-26
;using System
;using System.IO
;using System.Net.Sockets

15-26 ()Main TCPHelloWorldServer .

. 8080 TcpListener .
16-26
;) "Console.WriteLine ( "initializing server...
;) TcpListener listener = new TcpListener ( 8080
;)( listener.Start
Console.WriteLine ( "server initialized, waiting for " +
;) ""incoming connections...
;)( Socket s = listener.AcceptSocket
// create a NetworkStream for easier access
;) NetworkStream ns = new NetworkStream ( s
// use a stream reader because of ReadLine() method
;) StreamReader r = new StreamReader ( ns

8080 . AcceptSocket
. .
. AcceptSocket
. NetworkStream .
System.Net.Sockets .NetworkStream .
. StreamReader .
System.IO . .
()ReadLine . .
\ n\r .
. .
17-26 .
17-26
;bool loop = true
) while ( loop
{
// read a line until CRLF
;)( string command = r.ReadLine
;string result
Console.WriteLine ( "executing remote command: " +
;) command
) switch ( command
{
case "GET":

488


;"! result = "Hello World
;break
// finish communication
case "EXIT":
;"result = "BYE
;loop = false
;break
// invalid command
default:
;"result = "ERROR
;break
}
) if ( result != null
{
;) Console.WriteLine ( "sending result: " + result
// add a CRLF to the result
;"result += "\r\n
// convert data string to byte array
( Byte[] res = System.Text.Encoding.ASCII.GetBytes
;) )( result.ToCharArray
// send result to the client
;) s.Send ( res, res.Length, 0
}
}

GET " "Hello World .

. " "ERROR . EXIT
. ) 18-26 ( .
()Close Socket . Enter .
18-26
;) "Console.WriteLine ( "clearing up server...
;)( s.Close
;) "Console.Write ( "press return to exit
;)( Console.ReadLine

-3-2-26
. : )) UI
.
TcpRemoteCommandProcessor . 19-26 25-26
Base.cs Base.cs Base.dll .
19-26 .
19-26
;using System
;using System.IO
;using System.Net.Sockets

.
. .
) 20-26 (.
20-26
public interface CommandProcessor
{
// execute a command and return the result
// if the return value is false the command processing loop
// should stop
;) bool Execute ( string command, ref string result
}

489

C#

- 09177112161 -

TcpRemoteCommandProcessor .
: ()Close .()Execute .
Hold " .
()Close .
Release .
. .
.
. 21-26
.
21-26
// remote host
;private string host = null
// remote port
;private int port = -1
// connection mode
;private bool releaseConnection = false
// communication interface
;private TcpClient client = null
// outgoing data stream
;private NetworkStream outStream = null
// ingoing data stream
;private StreamReader inStream = null

22-26 . :
. True Release
Hold . Hold "
." .
22-26
public TCPRemoteCommandProcessor ( string host, int port,
) bool releaseConnection
{
// add parameter checking here
;this.host = host
;this.port = port
;this.releaseConnection = releaseConnection
) if ( !this.releaseConnection
{
Console.WriteLine ( "connecting to " + this.host + ":" +
;) "this.port + "...
;) this.client = new TcpClient ( this.host, this.port
;)( this.outStream = this.client.GetStream
;) this.inStream = new StreamReader ( this.outStream
Console.WriteLine ( "connected to " + this.host + ":" +
;) this.port
}
}

()Close" . ) 23-26 ( . Release

. Hold null

.
23-26
)( public void Close
{
) if ( this.client != null
{
;)( this.client.Close
Console.WriteLine ( "connection closed: " + this.host +
;) ":" + this.port

490


}
}

Release .)( Execute

.( 24-26 )
. . Enter
True " BYE"
. False
24-26
public bool Execute ( string command, ref string result )
{
// add parameter checking here
bool ret = true;
if ( this.releaseConnection )
{
Console.WriteLine ( "connecting to " + this.host + ":" +
this.port + "..." );
// open connection to the server
this.client = new TcpClient ( this.host, this.port );
this.outStream = this.client.GetStream ();
this.inStream = new StreamReader ( this.outStream );
Console.WriteLine ( "connected to " + this.host + ":" +
this.port );
}
// add a CRLF to command to indicate end
command += "\r\n";
// convert command string to byte array
Byte[] cmd = System.Text.Encoding.ASCII.GetBytes (
command.ToCharArray () );
// send request
this.outStream.Write ( cmd, 0, cmd.Length );
// get response
result = this.inStream.ReadLine ();
if ( this.releaseConnection )
{
// close connection
this.client.Close ();
Console.WriteLine ( "connection closed: " + host + ":"
+ port );
}
ret = !result.Equals ( "BYE" );
return ret;
}

. TcpHelloWorldClient .
. TcpHelloWorldClient
GET . TcpCommandProcessor
. EXIT .
25-26
using System;
using System.IO;
using System.Net.Sockets;
public class TCPHelloWorldClient
{
public static void Main ()
{
Console.WriteLine ( "initializing client..." );
TCPRemoteCommandProcessor proc = new
TCPRemoteCommandProcessor ( "127.0.0.1", 8080, false );
string result;
Console.WriteLine ( "requesting..." );
proc.Execute ( "GET", ref result );
Console.WriteLine ( "result: " + result );
Console.WriteLine ( "closing connection..." );
proc.Execute ( "EXIT", ref result );
proc.Close ();
Console.Write ( "press return to exit" );
Console.ReadLine ();
}

491

C#

09177112161 -}

-4-2-26
2005Vs
. TcpHelloWorldServer .
26-26 .
TcpHelloWorldClient.exe .
27-26 .
26-26

27-26

28-26 . .
UDP .
28-26

-3-26 UDP
UDP" .
.

-1-3-26 NET
TCP UDP . ) (P2P.
System.Net.Sockets.UdpClient .
UDP . "
UDP .
. UdpClient . .
492

()Send .
UDP . UdpClient
()Receive . dummy

null .
// bind client to local port where it receives data
;) UdpClient client = new UdpClient ( 8081
// create a byte array containing the characters of
"// the string "a request
( Byte[] request = System.Text.Encoding.ASCII.GetBytes
;) )( "a request".ToCharArray
// send request to the server
;) client.Send ( request, request.Length, "127.0.0.1", 8080
// create a dummy endpoint
;IPEndPoint dummy = null
// receive something from the server
;) byte[] response = client.Receive ( ref dummy
// do something with the response
// unbind the client
;)( client.Close

NET. .

-2-3-26
. ()Main . .
UdpClient . 29-26 ()Main .
29-26
;) "Console.WriteLine ( "initializing server
;) UdpClient server = new UdpClient ( 8080

UDP . .
UDP . IP UDP

IP . IP IP #C
API ) (NET.
) ( . :
IP ADDRESS " : " PORT " : " COMMAND

IP ADDRESS PORT IP COMMAND .

30-26 .
.
30-26
// an endpoint is not needed the data will be sent
// to the port where the server is bound to
;IPEndPoint dummy = null
;bool loop = true
) while ( loop
{
;) "Console.WriteLine ( "waiting for request...
;) byte[] tmp = server.Receive ( ref dummy
// split request string into parts, part1=client IP
// address or DNS name, part2=client port, part3=command
= string dg
( new System.Text.ASCIIEncoding ().GetString
;) datagram
;) }'string[] cmd = dg.Split ( new Char[] {':
;]string remoteClientHost = cmd[0
;) ]int remoteClientPort = Int32.Parse ( cmd[1
;]string command = cmd[2
;string result = null

493

09177112161 - -

C#

// command execution

31-26 . TcpHelloWorldServer
.
31-26
// convert data string to byte array
Byte[] d = System.Text.Encoding.ASCII.GetBytes (
result.ToCharArray () );
// send result to the client
server.Send ( d, d.Length, remoteClientHost,
remoteClientPort );

. . TcpHelloWorldServer

-3-3-26
. UdpHelloWorldClient.CS UdpHelloWorldClient
.( ) TcpHelloWorldClient
32-26 . BASE.CS UdpCommandProcessor
.
32-26
UDPRemoteCommandProcessor proc = new UDPRemoteCommandProcessor ( 8081, "127.0.0.1", 8080 );

IP . 8081
.
TcpCommandProcessor . UdpCommandProcessor
33-26 ) .()Execute)( Close :
.(
33-26
// the local port where the processor is bound to
private int localPort = -1;
// the remote host
private string remoteHost = null;
// the remote port
private int remotePort = -1;
// communication interface
private UdpClient client = null;

. UDP
34-26
public UDPRemoteCommandProcessor ( int localPort,
string remoteHost, int remotePort )
{
// add parameter checking here
this.localPort = localPort;
this.remoteHost = remoteHost;
this.remotePort = remotePort;
this.client = new UdpClient ( localPort );
}

. UDP )( Close .)( Close

35-26
public void Close ()
{
this.client.Close ();
}

494

. TcpCommandProcessor )( Execute
. IP .( UDP)
. UDP 36-26 .
36-26
public bool Execute ( string command, ref string result )
{
// add parameter checking here
bool ret = true;
Console.WriteLine ( "executing command: " + command );
// build the request string
string request = "127.0.0.1:" + this.localPort.ToString ()
+ ":" + command;
Byte[] req = System.Text.Encoding.ASCII.GetBytes (
request.ToCharArray () );
client.Send ( req, req.Length, this.remoteHost,
this.remotePort );
// we don't need an endpoint
IPEndPoint dummy = null;
// receive datagram from server
byte[] res = client.Receive ( ref dummy );
result = System.Text.Encoding.ASCII.GetString ( res );
ret = !result.Equals ( "BYE" );
return ret;
}

-4-3-26
. UdpHelloWorldClient.CS UdpHelloWorldServer.CS
. 39-26 38-26 37-26 .
.
37-26

38-26

39-26

. UDP

495

C#

- 09177112161 -

-4-26 UDP
1 .
. .
. UDP .
. IP .
IP .
.
. .
) 40-26 (.
40-26

.
marquee ) 41-26 (.
41-26

-1-4-26 NET
UDP System.Net.Sockets.UdpClient .
()UdpClient.JoinMultiCastGroup . UDP
. .
UdpClient . ()JoinMultiCastGroup
. IP ." IPEndPoint
. IPEndPoint IP .
// create a peer bound to a local port
;) UdpClient peer = new UdpClient ( LOCAL_PORT
// create the group IP address
;) IPAddress groupAddress = IPAddress.Parse ( GROUP_IP
// add the peer to the group
;) peer.JoinMulticastGroup ( groupAddress

News ticker

496


// create an end point for sending data to the group
IPEndPoint groupEP = new IPEndPoint ( groupAddress,
GROUP_PORT );

. UDP
// send data to the group, d is a byte array
peer.Send ( d, d.Length, groupEP );
// receiving data from the group
IPEndPoint dummy = null;
byte[] d = peer.Receive ( ref dummy );

.
. UdpClient . Base.cs UDPPeer
.
)( Close . UDP IP .
.)( Send )( Receive
.( 42-26 )
42-26
// udp peer
private UdpClient server = null;
// multicast group IP address
private IPAddress groupAddress = null;
// multicast group endpoint (IP address and port)
private IPEndPoint group = null;

groupAddress group . Server

group UDP IP groupAddress .

.
UDP . 43-26
.
43-26
public UDPPeer ( int localPort )
{
// add parameter checking here
Console.WriteLine ( "initializing UDP server, port=" +
localPort + "..." );
this.server = new UdpClient ( localPort );
Console.WriteLine ( "UDP server initialized" );
}

. UDP
IPAddress .( 44-26 )
group . groupAddress . IP
. " IPEndPoint
44-26
public UDPPeer ( int localPort, string groupIP,
int groupPort ) : this ( localPort )
{
// add parameter checking here
Console.WriteLine ( "adding UDP server to multicast " +
"group, IP=" + groupIP + ", port=" + groupPort + "...");
this.groupAddress = IPAddress.Parse ( groupIP );
this.group = new IPEndPoint ( this.groupAddress,
groupPort );
this.server.JoinMulticastGroup ( this.groupAddress );
Console.WriteLine ( "UDP server added to group" );
}

497

09177112161 - -

C#

. .)( Close
.( 45-26 )( ) UdpClient.Close
45-26
public void Close ()
{
if ( this.groupAddress != null )
this.server.DropMulticastGroup ( this.groupAddress );
this.server.Close ();
}

.( 46-26 ) ()Receive
.
46-26
public String Receive ()
{
IPEndPoint dummy = null;
// receive datagram
byte[] data = this.peer.Receive ( ref dummy );
return new System.Text.ASCIIEncoding ().GetString (
data );
}

UDP )( Send .)( Send

.( 47-26 )
47-26
public void Send ( string message )
{
// add parameter checking here
Console.WriteLine ( "sending " + message + "..." );
// convert news string to a byte array
Byte[] d = System.Text.Encoding.ASCII.GetBytes (
message.ToCharArray () );
this.server.Send ( d, d.Length, this.group );
Console.WriteLine ( "message sent" );
}

-2-4-26
UDPNewsServer . UDPpeer
. UDPNewsServer.CS
:
.
). System.Windows.Forms.Form
.( 48-5
48-26
// local port where the UDP server is bound to
private const int LOCAL_PORT = 8080;
// multicast group IP address
private const string GROUP_IP = "225.0.0.1";
// multicast group port
private const int GROUP_PORT = 8081;
// UDP server
private UDPPeer server = null;
// a thread for sending new continuously
private Thread serverThread = null;
// a data field for typing in a new message

498


;private TextBox text = null
// a button for setting the new message
;private Button setButton = null
// the news message
;"" = private string news

49-26 UI . Send
.
()OnSet . ()OnClose .
()Run .
49-26
)( public UDPNewsServer
{
// UI components initialization
// add an event listener for click-event
;) this.setButton.Click += new System.EventHandler ( OnSet
// add an event listener for close-event
;) this.Closed += new System.EventHandler ( OnClosed
// create communication components
this.server = new UDPPeer ( LOCAL_PORT, GROUP_IP,
;) GROUP_PORT
// start communication thread
( this.serverThread = new Thread
;) ) new ThreadStart ( Run
;)( this.serverThread.Start
;) "Console.WriteLine ( "initialization complete
}

. ) 50-26
( . news
. ()Sleep
.
50-26
// sending thread
)( public void Run
{
) while ( true
{
) ) "" ( if ( !this.news.Equals
{
;) Console.WriteLine ( "sending " + this.news
;) this.server.Send ( this.news
}
// wait one second
;) Thread.Sleep ( 1000
}
}

news set ) 51-26 (.

51-26
// button click event handler
) public void OnSet ( Object sender, EventArgs e
{
;this.news = this.text.Text
}

" . Closed .
()Abort ) ()Join
( . ()Close UDPPeer ) 52-26 (.
52-26
) public void OnClosed ( Object sender, EventArgs e
{
;) "Console.WriteLine ( "server shut down...

499

C#

09177112161 -// stop thread

;)( this.serverThread.Abort
// wait until it's stopped
;)( this.serverThread.Join
;)( this.server.Close
;)( Application.Exit
}

-3-4-26
: UDP .
UDPMultiCastClient base.cs .
.
chat .
. .

. .
. 53-26 .
: ticker .
. ticker .
UDPMultiCastClient .
()Notify ()SetNows .
()Notify 54-26 . Base.CS .
. .
53-26

54-26
;) public delegate void Notify ( string text

: System.Net.Sockets.Socket .
DLL Socket . ()Accept
()Receive ()BeginAccept ()EndAccept ()BeginRecieve ()EndRecive

500

. ()BeginAccept .
AsyncCallback .
UDPMultiCastClient . . UDP
. ()Run
()Close . .
) 55-26 (.
55-26
// notification delegate
;private Notify notify = null
// communication interface
;private UDPPeer peer = null
// receiving thread
;private Thread clientThread = null

Notify UDP IP .
) .(56-26
56-26
public UDPMulticastClient ( string groupIP, int groupPort,
) Notify notify
{
// add parameter validation here
Console.WriteLine ( "initializing UDP multicast " +
"client, group=" + groupIP + ", port=" + groupPort +
;) ""...
;this.notify = notify
// create communication components
this.client = new UDPPeer ( groupPort, groupIP,
;) groupPort
// start listener thread
( this.clientThread = new Thread
;) ) new ThreadStart ( Run
;)( this.clientThread.Start
;) "Console.WriteLine ( "UDP multicast client initialized
}

()Run .
Notify) .(57-26
57-26
)( public void Run
{
) while ( true
;) )( this.notify ( this.peer.Receive
}

()Close . ()Close
UDP ) .(58-26
58-26
)( public void Close
{
;)( this.clientThread.Abort
;)( this.clientThread.Join
;)( this.peer.Close
}

UDP . .
System.Windows.Forms.Form UDPNewsCleint
UDPNewsClient.CS . . .
501

09177112161 - -

C#

)( OnClosed .
()SetNews )( RunTicker " .)( Closed
UDPMultiCastClient )( Notify
. 59-26 .
59-26
// multicast group IP address
private const string GROUP_IP = "225.0.0.1";
// multicast group port
private const int GROUP_PORT = 8081;
// communication interface
private UDPMulticastClient client = null;
// ticker thread
private Thread tickerThread = null;
// new messages
private TextBox text = null;
// default news displayed at the beginning
private string news = "Please wait...";

60-26 . ticker UDP

.
60-26
public UDPNewsClient ()
{
// initialize UI
// add an event listener for close-event
this.Closed += new System.EventHandler ( OnClosed );
// start communication thread
this.client = new UDPMulticastClient ( GROUP_IP,
GROUP_PORT, new Notify ( SetNews ) );
// start ticker thread
this.tickerThread = new Thread (
new ThreadStart ( RunTicker ) );
this.tickerThread.Start ();
Console.WriteLine ( "initialization complete" );
}

.(61-26 ) Closed
. ticker
61-26
public void OnClosed ( Object sender, EventArgs e )
{
Console.WriteLine ( "client shut down" );
this.client.Close ();
this.tickerThread.Abort ();
this.tickerThread.Join ();
Application.Exit ();
}

. 500 ticker
.)( Notify .
.
62-26
public void RunTicker ()
{
// initialze the textbox with the default text
this.text.Text = " -+-+- " + this.news + " -+-+- " +
this.news + " -+-+- ";
while ( true )
{
string data = this.news + " -+-+- ";
// repeat as long as there are characters in the data string
while ( !data.Equals ( "" ) )
{

502


// wait 500 milliseconds
Thread.Sleep ( 500 );
// remove the first character from the text field and add the
// first character of the data string
this.text.Text = this.text.Text.Substring ( 1 ) +
data[0];
// remove the first character from the data string
data = data.Substring ( 1 );
}
}
}
// notification method, used by multicast client
public void SetNews ( string news )
{
this.news = news;
}

-4-4-26
. UDPNewsServer.exe UDPNewsClient.exe
.
65-26 set 64-26 63-26
.
63-26

64-26

65-26

503

#C
:
-

Socket

TCP UDP

-1-27 Socket .NET

.NET Socket WinSock . TcpListener TcpClient
UdpClient Socket Socket
. Socket API
. TCP TCP
. Socket

-1-1-27 TCP Socket

TCP Socket :
.1 .Socket .
.2 )( Connect .Socket IPEndPoint
.
.3 . )( Send )( Receive .Socket
.4 . )(Close .Socket
Socket TCP
.

Socket
Socket API WinSock . Socket :
.1 Socket .

.2 Socket )( Bind 1 .
.3 Socket Connect() .
.4 Socket Listen() .
.5 )( Send )( Receive TCP )( SendTo
)( ReceiveFrom UDP .
.6 ()ShutDown .
.7 )( Close .

;)public Socket(AddressFamily,SocketType,ProtocolType

Socket . AddressFamily
SocketType ProtocolType . AddressFamily
SocketType InterNetwork TCP Stream UDP Dgram ProtocolType TCP
TCP UDP UDP .

;)public void Bind(EndPoint localEP

Socket . SocketException ArgumentNullException

ObjectDisposedException .
;)(public void Close

.
;)public void Connect(EndPoint remoteEP

.
;)public object GetSocket(SocketOptionLevel, SocketOptionName
;)][public void GetSocketOption (SocketOptionLevel ,SocketOptionName ,byte
;)public byte[] GetSocketOption (SocketOptionLevel ,SocketOptionName ,int

Socket . SocketOptionLevel
SocketOptionName . SocketException ObjectDisposedException
.
;)public void Listen(int backlog

Socket TCP
backlog . .
5 . SocketException
ObjectDisposedException .
;)public bool Poll(int microSeconds,SelectMode mode

End point

505

09177112161 - -

C#

. .
. SelectMode .
SelectWrite

SelectMode. SelectMode.SelectRead

. SelectMode.SelectError
public
public
public
public
public

int
int
int
int
int

Receive (byte[] buffer);

Receive (byte[] buffer, SocketFlags flags);
Receive (byte[] buffer,int length, SocketFlags flags);
Receive (byte[] buffer, int length, SocketFlags flags);
Receive(byte[] buffer,int offset, int length, Socket, SocketFlags flag);

SocketFlags . buffer
. .
ObjectDisposedException SocketExceptionArgumentOutOfRange

ArgumentNullException
.

public int ReceiveFrom (byte[] buffer, ref EndPoint remoteEp);

public int ReceiveFrom (byte[] buffer, SocketFlags flags, ref EndPoint remoteEp);
public int ReceiveFrom (byte[] buffer, int length, SocketFlags flags, ref EndPoint
remoteEp);
public int ReceiveFrom (byte[] buffer, int offset, int length, SocketFlags flags, ref
EndPoint localEp);

EndPoint buffer UDP

SocketFlags .
. .
UdpClient . UdpClient Socket
. buffer Socket
. SocketException
public static
microsconds);

void

1
IList

Select(IList

readableList,IList

WriteableList,IList

errorList,

int

Ilist . Socket

.( ) Socket

IList Socket . IList Socket .

. IList Socket .
SocketException ArgumentNullException .
.
public
public
public
public

int
int
int
int

Send(byte[]
Send(byte[]
Send(byte[]
Send(byte[]

buffer);
buffer,socketFlags flags);
buffer,int length.socketFlags flags);
buffer,int offset,int length, SocketFlags flags);

SocketFlags . buffer
. .
public int SendTo (byte[]
public int Sendto (byte[]
public int SendTo (byte[]
public int SendTo (byte[]
EndPoint remotEP);

buffer, EndPoint remoteEp);

buffer, SocketFlags flags,EndPoint remotEP);
buffer,int length,SocketFlags flags,EndPoint remoteEP);
buffer, int offset, int length,SocketFlags flags,

Container

506

UDP buffer .
SocketFlags .
.
public void SetSocketOption(SocketOptionLevel optionLevel
;),SocketOptionName optionName, byte[] optionValue
public void SetSocketOption(SocketOptionLevel optionLevel
;),SocketOptionName optionName, int optionValue
public void SetSocketOption(SocketOptionLevel optionLevel
;),SocketOptionName optionName, object optionValue

Socket
;)Public void Shutdown(SocketShutdown how

. SocketShutdown
) (.

};public bool Connected{get

Socket I/O .
};LocalEndPoint{get

Public EndPoint

Socket .
};Public EndPoint RemoteEndPoint{get

SocketOptionLevel
:
SocketOptionLevel .
SocketOptionLevel ()Socket.SetSocketOption ()Socket.GetSocketOption.
:
:IP Socket IP .
:Socket Socket .
:Tcp Socket TCP .
:Udp Socket UDP .

SocketOptionName
:
SocketOptionLevel Socket
()Socket.SetSocketOption ()Socket.GetSocketOption .
:
NET. 1-1-27 .
507

C#

- 09177112161 -

SocketFlags
:
SocketFlags
Socket . Socket
SocketFlags SocketFlags.None .
:
:DontRoute .
:MaxIOVectorLength WSABUF
.
:None .
:OutOfBand out-of-band .
:Partial
:Peek .

3-1 .
SocketOptionName

AcceptConnection

Boolean

01

Broadcast

Boolean

01

ExclusiveAddressUs
e

Boolean

01

KeepAlive

Boolean

01

alive

MaxConnections

Int32

OutOfBandInline

Boolean

01

ReceiveBuffer

Int32

ReceiveLowWater

Int32

ReceiveTimeOut

Int32

SendLowWater

Int32

SocketOptionLevel

()Listen
. .

.
keep .

()Socket.Listen .
out-of-band
.

Receive

508


SendTimeOut

Int32

Type

Int32

SocketType

SocketOptionLevel.Tcp

BsdUrgent

Boolean

01

Expedited

Boolean

01

NoDelay

Boolean

01

SocketOptionName

SocketOptionLevel.Udp

ChecksumCoverage

Boolean

01

NoChecksum

Boolean

01

UDP

AddMembership

MulticastOption

Group address, .

AddSourceMembershi
p

IPAdress

Group address

BlockSource

Boolean

01

DropMembership

MulticastOption

Group address, .

DropSourceMembersh
ip

IPAddress

Group address

IpTimeToLive

Int32

255-0

.IP

UnblockSource

Boolean

01

UseLoopBack

Boolean

01

.
SocketOptionLevel.IP

interface

.
interface

.
.

SocketException
:
Exception .
:
};public override int ErrorCode{get

ErrorCode . SocketException
.
. ) 2WinSock ( .
};Public virtual string Message {get

.
509

09177112161 - -

C#

TCP
TcpEchoClientSockets.cs
using
using
using
using
using

System;
System.Text;
System.IO;
System.Net.Sockets;
System.Net;

class TcpEchoClientSocket{
static void Main(string[] args){
if((args.Length<2)||(args.Length>3)){//Test for cortrect # of args
throw new ArgumentException("Parameters: <server> <Word> [<Port>]");
}
String server=args[0]; //Server name or IP address
//Convert input String to bytes
byte[] byteBuffer=Encoding.ASCII.GetBytes(args[1]);
//Use port argument if supplied, otherwise default to 7
int servPort=(args.Length==3)? Int32.Parse(args[2]):7;
Socket sock=null;
try{
//Create a TCPsocket instance
sock=new Socket(AddressFamily.InterNetwork,SocketType.Stream,ProtocolType.Tcp);
//Creates server IPEndPoint instance. We assume Resolve returns
//at least one address
IPEndPoint serverEndPoint=new IPEndPoint(Dns.Resolve(server).AddressList[0],servPort);
//Connect the socket to server on specified port
sock.Connect(serverEndPoint);
Console.WriteLine("Connected to server sending echo string");
//Send the encode string to server
sock.Send(byteBuffer,0,byteBuffer.Length,SocketFlags.None);
Console.WriteLine("Sent {0} bytes to server..",byteBuffer.Length);
int totalBytesRcvd=0;

//Total bytes received so far

int bytesRcvd=0;
//Bytes received in last read
//Receiev the same string back from the server
while(totalBytesRcvd<byteBuffer.Length){
if((bytesRcvd=sock.Receive(byteBuffer,totalBytesRcvd,byteBuffer.LengthtotalBytesRcvd,SocketFlags.None))==0){
Console.WriteLine("Connection closed prematurely");
Break;
}
totalBytesRcvd+=bytesRcvd;
}
Console.WriteLine("Received {0} bytes from server:
{1}",totalBytesRcvd,Encoding.ASCII.GetString(byteBuffer,0,totalBytesRcvd));
} catch(Exception e){
Console.WriteLine(e.Message);
}finally{
sock.Close();
}
}
}

Socket -2-1-27
. Socket TCP
. :Socket .1
.)( Bind :Socket )( Bind .2

510

)( Listen :Socket )( Listen .3

. ) (
: .4
)( Accept : Socket )( Accept

. Socket
.)( Send )(Receive :

.Socket )( Close :

.Socket )(Close : .5

TCP
TcpEchoServerSocket.cs

using System;
//For Console, Int32, ArgumentException , Environment
using System.Net; //For IPAddress
using System.Net.Sockets; //For TcpListener, TcpClient
class TcpEchoServerSocket{
private const int BUFSIZE=32;

//Size of receive buffer

private const int BACKLOG=5; //Outstanding connection queue max size

static void Main(string[] args){
if(args.Length>1)//Test for correct # of args
throw new ArgumentException("Parameters:[<Port>]");
int servPort=(args.Length==1)? Int32.Parse(args[0]):7;
Socket server=null;
try{
//Create a socket to accept client connections
server=new Socket(AddressFamily.InterNetwork,SocketType.Stream,ProtocolType.Tcp);
server.Bind(new IPEndPoint(IPAddress.Any,servPort));
server.Listen(BACKLOG);
}catch (SocketException se){
Consol.WriteLine(se.ErrorCode+":"+se.Message);
Environment.Exit(se.ErrorCode);
}
byte[] rcvBuffer=new byte[BUFSIZE];//Receive buffer
int bytesRcvd;
//Received byte count
for(;;){//run forever, accepting and servicing connections
Socket client=null;
try{
client=server.Accept(); //Get client connection
Console.Write("Handling client at"+ client.RemoteEndPoint +"-");
//Receive until client closes connection, indicated by 0 return value
int totalBytesEchoed=0;
while((bytesRcvd=client.Receive(rcvBuffer,0,rcvBuffer.Length,SocketFlags.None))>0){
client.Send(rcvBuffer,0,bytesRcvd,SocketFlags.None);
totalBytesEchoed+=bytesRcvd;

511

C#

09177112161 -}
;)Console.WriteLine("echoed {0} bytes.",totalBytesEchoed
Client.Close();// Close the socket. We are done with this client
{)} catch(Exception e
;)Console.WriteLine(e.Message
;)(Client.Close
}
}
}
}

-3-1-27
TCP/IP
. RFC 1122 1123 .
. .
. TcpListtener UdpClient
. Tcpclient
). (3-2
-3-2 TcpClient

LingerState
Nodelay

.

.

ReceiveBufferSize
ReceiveTimeOut

.
TcpClient
) (.

SendBufferSize
SendTimeOut

.
TcpClient
.

Socket . )(GetSocketOption
)( SetSocketOption Socket . overload
.
. SocketOptionName
. SocketOptionName 3-1 .
. www.msdn.microsoft.com .
SocketOptionLevel TCP .IP
SocketOptionLevel 3-1 .
512

( TcpClient )
Protected . Protected Socket
. Socket
Receive()
. SocketOptionName.ReceiveTimeout UDP
: 8-3
. echo .1
5 . 3 Receive() .2
.
. .3
: Socket
UdpClient Socket
Socket UdpClient.Client . Socket
. UdpClient protected
. UDP Socket

UDP
UdpEchoClientTimeoutSocket
using
using
using
using

System; //For String, Int32, Boolean, Console

System.Text; //For Encoding
System.Net; //For EndPoint, IPEndPOint
System.Net.Sockets; //For Socket, SocketOptionName, SocketOptionLevel;

class UdpEchoClientTimeOut{
private const int TIMEOUT=3000; //Resend timeout (milliseconds)
private const int MAXTRIES=5; //Maximum retransmissions
static void Main(string[] args){
if((args.Length<2)||(args.Length>3)){//Test for cortrect # of args
throw new ArgumentException("Parameters: <server> <Word> [<Port>]");
}
String server=args[0]; //Server name or IP address
//Use port argument if supplied, otherwise default to 7
int servPort=(args.Length==3)? Int32.Parse(args[2]):7;
//Create socket that is connected to server on specified port
Socket sock=new
Socket(AddressFamily.InterNetwork,SocketType.Dgram,ProtocolType.Udp);
//Set the receive timeout for this socket
sock.SetSocketOption(SocketOptionLevel.Socket,SocketOptionName.ReceiveTimeOut,TIME
OUT);
IPEndPoint remoteIPEndPOint =new
IPEndPoint(Dns.Resolve(server).AddressList[0],servPort);

513

09177112161 - -

C#

EndPoint remoteEndPoinr=(EndPoint) remoteIPEndPoint;

//Convert input string to a packet of bytes
byte[] sendPacket=Encoding.ASCII.GetBytes(args[1]);
byte[] rcvPacket=new byte[sendPacket.Length];
int tries=0; //Packets may be lost, so we have to keep trying
Boolean receiveResponse=false;
Sock.SendTo(sendPacket, remoteEndPoint);
Consol.WriteLIne("Sent {0} bytes to server ...",sendPacket.Length);
Try{
//Attempt echo reply receive
sock.ReceiveFrom(rcvPacket,ref remoteEndPoint);
receiveResponse=true;
}catch(SocketException se){
tries++;
if (se.ErroeCode==10060)//WSAETIMEDOUT: connection timed out
Console.WriteLine("Time out,{0} more tries...",(MAXTRIES-tries));
else //We encountered an error other than a timeout, output error
// message
Consol.WriteLine(se.ErrorCode+":"+se.Message);
}
}while((!receivedResponse)&&(tries<MAXTRIES));
if(receivedResponse)
Console.WriteLine(Received {0} bytes from {1}:{2}",rcvPacket.Length,
remoteEndPoint, Encoding.ASCII.GetString(rcvdPacket,0,rcvPacket.Length));
else
Console.WriteLine("No responsegiving up.");
Sock.Close();
}
}

-4-1-27
. Send() SendTo() SocketFlags
. Receive() Send()
. SocketFlags.Peek .
ReceiveFrom() Receive() peek
.
.
. .
.
: SocketFlags
,Socket

s = new Socket (AddressFamily. interNetwork, SocketType.Stream

;(ProtocoleType.Tcp
Bind and/or Connect, create buffer//

.
.
514

.
Peek at the data without dequeuing it from the network buffer//
len = s.Receive(buf, 0, buf.Length, SocketFlags.Peek

;(int

This Receive will return (at least) the same data as the prior//
Receive, but this time it will be bequeued from the network buffer//
= s.Receive(buf, 0, buf.Length, SocketFlags.None

;(Len

I/O-5-1-27
I/O . )(Read
()Receive )( ReceiveFrom . )(
)( ()Send Write )( SendTo . )( ()AcceptSocket Accept
)( AcceptTcpClient Socket TcpListener .

. .
. .

. UDP
.
:
.1 I/O

.2
5-1 .

I/O

I/O
.
5-1 .
I/O

Socket

.1 )( Accept .
.2 Acctept )( Poll )( Select .
.1 )( Pending true AcceptSocket()
)( AcceptTcpClient .

TcpListener
Socket

.1 )( Connect .
.2 )( Connect )( Poll )( Select .

Socket

.1 )( Send )( SendTo .

515

C#

- 09177112161 -

.2 )( Send )( SendTo )( Poll )( Select

.
.3 )( Send )( SendTo SendTimeOut
.
.1 )( Write SendTimeOut
.
TcpClient

Socket

.1 )( Receive )( ReceiveFrom
.
.2 )( Receive )( ReceiveFrom )( Poll )( Select
.
.3 )( Receive )( ReceiveFrom ReceiveTimeOut
.
.4 > 0Available )( Receive )( ReceiveFrom
.

TcpClient

.1 )( Read ReceiveTimeOut
.
.2 DataAvailable True )( Read
TcpClient ) Length NetworkStream

(.

-6-1-27 I/O
.
I/O I/O
I/O . I/O
.
I/O .
TcpClient DataAvailable NetworkStream
. true false :
client = new TcpClient (server, port
netstream = client. GetStream

;(TcpClient

;()NetworkStream
:

(netstream.DataAvailable
len = netstream.Read(buf,0,buf.Length

}(If
;(int

{ } else
No data available, do other processing//

516

{
TcpListener )( AcceptTcpClient )( AcceptSocket
)( Pending .
)( Pending true false :
listener = new TcpListener(ipadder , port

;(TcpListener

;()Listener.Start
.
.
(listener.pending

}(()If

connections are pending,process them//

;()TcpClient=listener.AcceptTcpClient
.
.
{}else
connections pending at this time

;(".Console.WriteLine("no
{

Socket I/O Available int .

. Available

sock=new Socket(AddressFamily.InterNetWork,SocketType.Stream

,Socket

;(ProtocolType.Tcp
;(sock.Connect(serverEndPoint
:
}(If(sock.Available>0
we have data to read//

;(sock.Recrive(buf,buf.Length,0
:
{}else
data available to read at this time

;(".Console.WriteLine("no
{

)(Poll Socket I/O .

-7-1-27
I/O I/O .
I/O .
UdpEchoClientTimeOutSocket.cs
. ReceiveFrom
. Socket
517

C#

09177112161 - . SocketOption.SendTimeOut

SocketOption.ReceiveTimeOut :
Socket sock=new Socket(AddressFamily.InterNetWork,SocketType.Stream,
;)ProtocolType.Tcp
.
.
sock.SetSocketOption(SocketOptionLevel.Socket,
SocketOptionName.SendTimeOut,3000);//set a 3 second timeout on
)(send()/sendTo

TcpClient SendTimeOut ReceiveTimeOut

:
TcpClient client = new TcpClient(server,port):
.
.
)(Client.ReceiveTimeout = 5000;//set a 5 second timeout on Read

SocketException
ErrorCode ) 10060 ( .
)( Poll Socket Poll() . :
mode .
.
)( Poll . mode
SelectMode SelectWrite SelectRead
SelectError . Poll() true

false

:
//Block for 1 second waiting for data to read or incoming connections
{))If(sock.Poll(1000000,SelectMode.SelectRead
//Socket has data to read or an incoming connection
{}else
//no data to read or incoming connections
}

I/O .
.
)( Select Socket I/O.
)( Write )( Send TCP
.
.
.
Socket
. ) ( C #
.

518

echo
TIMELIMIT .
. TIMELIMIT

.

Echo
TcpEchoServerTimeout.cs
using System;
//For Console, Int32, ArgumentException , Environment
using System.Net; //For IPAddress
using System.Net.Sockets; //For TcpListener, TcpClient
class TcpEchoServerTimeOut{
private const int BUFSIZE=32; //Size of receive buffer
private const int BACKLOG=5; //Outstanding connection queue max size
private const int TIMELIMIT=10000; //Default time limit (ms)
static void Main(string[] args){
if(args.Length>1)//Test for correct # of args
throw new ArgumentException("Parameters:[<Port>]");
int servPort=(args.Length==1)? Int32.Parse(args[0]):7;
Socket server=null;
try{
//Create a socket to accept client connections
server=new Socket(AddressFamily.InterNetwork,SocketType.Stream,ProtocolType.Tcp);
server.Bind(new IPEndPoint(IPAddress.Any,servPort));
server.Listen(BACKLOG);
}catch (SocketException se){
Consol.WriteLine(se.ErrorCode+":"+se.Message);
Environment.Exit(se.ErrorCode);
}
byte[] rcvBuffer=new byte[BUFSIZE];//Receive buffer
int bytesRcvd;
//Received byte count
int totalBytesEchoed=0;
for(;;){//run forever, accepting and servicing connections
Socket client=null;
try{
client=server.Accept(); //Get client connection
DateTime starttime=DateTime.Now;
//Set the ReceiveTimeout
client.SetSocketOption(SocketOptionLevel.Socket,SocketOptionName.ReceiveTimeout,TI
MELIMIT);
Console.Write("Handling client at"+ client.RemoteEndPoint+"-");
//Receive until closes connection, indicated by 0 return value
totalBytesEchoed=0;
while((bytesRcvd=client.Receive(rcvBuffer,0,rcvBuffer.Length,SocketFlags.None))>0){
client.Send(rcvBuffer, 0, SocketFlags.None);
totalBytesEchoed+=bytesRcvd;
//Check elapsed time

519

C#

- 09177112161 -

;TimeSpan elapsed=DateTime.Now-starttime
{)if(TIMELIMIT-elapsed.TotalMilliseconds<0
Console.WriteLine("Abortig client, timelimit"+ TIMELIMIT+ "ms exceeded, echoed "+
;)"totalBytesEchoed+ " bytes
;)(client.Close
;)throw new SocketException(10060
}
//Set the ReceiveTimeOut
client.SetSocketOption(SocketOptionLevel.Socket,
SocketOptionName.ReceiveTimeout,int(TIMELIMIT;))elapsed.TotalMilliseconds
}
;)Console.WriteLine("echoed {0} bytes.", totalBytesEchoed
;)(client.Close
{)}catch(SocketException se
if(se.ErrorCode==10060){//WSAETIMEDOUT: Connection timed out
Console.WriteLine("Aborting client, timelimit"+ TIMELIMIT+ "ms exceeded, echoed" +
;)"totalBytesEchoed+ "bytes
{} else
;)Console.WriteLine(se.ErrorCode+ ":" +se.Message
}
;)(client.Close
}
}
}
}

-8-1-27
)( Select Socket
I/O . echo
. I/O
. echo
.
. ) )( (Accept
)( Accept )( Receive
.
.
I/O.
API . )( Select Socket
I/O Select() .
I/O . Socket
I/O.
)( Select : Socket
. .
IList .
. .
Socket .
520

.( ) Socket
. Select()
. echo
Select() . Arraylist
echo . echo
. .

TcpEchoServerSelectSocket

using
using
using
using

System; //For Console, Int32, ArgumentException, Environment

System.Net; //For IPAddress
System.Collections; //For ArrayList
System.Net.Sockets;
//For Socket, SocketException

class TcpEchoServerSelectSocket{
private const int BUFSIZE=32; //Size of receive buffer
private const int BACKLOG=5;

//Outstanding Connection queue max size

private const int SERVER1_PORT=8080; //Port for first server

private const int SERVER2_PORT=8081; //Port for second server
private const int SERVER3_PORT=8082; //Port for third server
private const int SELECT_WAIT_TIME=1000; //Microsecond for Select() to wait
static void Main(string[] args){
Socket server1=null;
Socket server2=null;
Socket server3=null;
Try{
//Create a socket to accept client connections
server1=new Socket(AddressFamily.InterNetwork,SocketType.Stream, ProtocolType.Tcp);
server2=new Socket(AddressFamily.InterNetwork,SocketType.Stream,
ProtocolType.Tcp);
server3=new Socket(AddressFamily.InterNetwork,SocketType.Stream,
ProtocolType.Tcp);
server1.Bind(new IPEndPoint(IPAddress.Any,SERVER1_PORT));
server2.Bind(new IPEndPoint(IPAddress.Any,SERVER2_PORT));
server3.Bind(new IPEndPoint(IPAddress.Any,SERVER3_PORT));
server1.Listen(BACKLOG);
server2.Listen(BACKLOG);
server3.Listen(BACKLOG);
}catch(SocketException se){
Console.WriteLine(se.ErrorCode+ ":"+ se.Message);
Environment.Exit(se.ErrorCode);
}
byte[] rcvBuffer=new byte[BUFSIZE];// Receive buffer
int bytesRcvd;
//Received byte count

521

09177112161 - -

C#

for(;;){ //Run forever, accepting and servicing connections

Socket client=null;
//Create an array list of all three sockets
ArrayList acceptList= new ArrayList();
acceptList.Add(server1);
acceptList.Add(server2);
acceptList.Add(server3);
try{
//The Select call will check readable status of each socket
//in the list
Socket.Select(acceptList, null, null, SELECT_WAIT_TIME);
//The acceptList will now contain Only the server sockets with
//pending connections
for(int i=0;i<acceptList.Count;i++)
client=((Socket) acceptList[i]).Accept(); //Get client connection
IPEndPoint localEP=(IPEndPoint)((Socket) acceptList[i]).LocalEndPoint;
Console.Write("Server port" +localEP.Port);
Console.Write("- handling client at" + client.RemoteEndPoint+ "-");
//Receive until client closes connection, indicated by 0 return value
int totalBytesEchoed=0;
while((bytesRcvd=client.Receive(rcvBuffer, 0, rcvBuffer.Length,
SocketFlags.None))>0){
client.Send(rcvBuffer, 0, bytesRcvd, SocketFlags.None);
totalBytesEchoed+=bytesRcvd;
}
Console.WriteLine("Echoed {0} bytes.", totalBytesEchoed);
client.Close(); //Close the socket.
}
}catch(Exception e){
Console.WriteLine(e.Message);
Client.Close();
}
}
}

I/O-9-1-27
. .NET
. I/O

callback .1 : I/O .
.2 I/O
. .3
: I/O
.
. Begin
. End

522

.
.
. NetworkStream )( Write )( Read
)( ()BeginRead ()EndWrite BeginWrite )( EndRead .
.
)( BeginRead )( BeginWrite :
public override lAsyncResult BeginRead(byte[] buffer,int offset,int size,AsyncCallback
;)callback, object state
public override lAsyncResult BeginWrite(byte[] buffer,int offset,int count ,AsyncCallback
;)callback, object state

AsyncCallback object #C
. AsyncCallback Delegate callback
. callback :
;)AsyncCallback ac = new AsyncCallback(my methodToVCall
:
{)public static void myMothodToCall(lAsyncresult result
// callback code goes here
}

callback )
( . callback :
)public static void <callbackMethodName>(lAsyncResult

IAsyncResult .
object callback .
NetworkStream
NetworkStream callback .
)( BeginRead )( BeginWrite IAsyncResult IAsyncResult .
.
AsyncWaitHandle IAsyncResult
)( WaitOne . .
callback . callback IAsyncResult
AsyncState .
.
IAsyncResult .
. :
;)public override int EndRead(IAsynResult asyncResult
;)public override void EndWrite(lAsynResult asyncResult

)( BeginRead NetworkStream
((new AsyncCallback(my callback

(callback .

)( EndRead NetworkStream )( Read:

{)public static void myCallback (IAsyncResult result

523

C#

09177112161 -;byte[] buffer = (byte[]) result.AsyncState

;)int bytesRead = EndRead(result
;)Console.Writeline ("Got {o} bytes of: {1}" ,bytesRead, buffer
}

API .NET .
:
.1 : AsyncCallback callback
.
AsyncState .
.2 : callback ) ( AsyncState

IAsyncResult

callback .
.3 : IAsyncResult callback
.
5-2 NET .
5-2 .NET

Dns

BeginGetHostByName()/EndGetHostByName

()BeginResolve()/EndResolve
FileStream

()BeginRead()/EndRead
()BeginWrite()/EndWrite

NetworkStream

()BeginRead()/EndRead
()BeginWrite()/EndWrite

Socket

()BeginAccept()/EndAccept
BeginConnect()/EndConnect

()BeginReceive()/EndReceive
()BeginReceiveFrom()/EndReciveFrom
BeginSend()/EndSend
BeginSendTi()/EndSendTo
Stream

()BeginRead()/EndRead
()BeginWrite()/EndWrite

. TcpEchoClient TcpEchoServer
API .
.
)( doOtherStuff 5 .
524

Socket
TcpClient

echo

. NetworkStream

. Socket echo NetworkStream

TcpEchoClientAsync
using System; //For String, IAsyncResult, ArgumentException
using System.Text; //For Encoding
using System.Net.Sockets; //For TcpClient, NetworkStream
using System.Threading; //For ManualResetEvent
class ClientState{
//Object to contain client state, including network stream
//and the send/recv buffer
private byte[] byteBuffer;
private NetworkStream netStream;
private StringBuilder echoResponse;
private int totalBytesRcvd=0; //Total bytes received so far
public ClientState(NetworkStream netStream, byte[] byteBuffer){
this.netStream=netStream;
this.byteBuffer=byteBuffer;
echoResponse=new StringBuilder();
}
public NetworkStream NetStream{
get{
return netStream;
}
}
public byte[] ByteBuffer{
set{
byteBuffer=value;
}
get{
return byteBuffer;
}
}
public void AppendResponse(String Response){
echoResponse.Append(response);
}
public String EchoResponse{
get{
return echoResponse.ToString();
}
}
public void AddToTotalBytes(int count){
totalBytesRcvd+=count;
}
public int TotalBytes{
get{
return totalBytesRcvd;
}
}
}
class TcpEchoClientAsync{
//A manual event signal we will tigger when all reads are complete:
public static ManualResetEven ReadDone=new ManualResetEvent(false);
static void Main(string[] args){
if((args.Length<2)||(args.Length>3)){//Test for cortrect # of args
throw new ArgumentException("Parameters: <server> <Word> [<Port>]");
}
String server=args[0]; // server name or IP address

525

09177112161 - -

C#

//Use port argument if supplied, otherwise default to 7

int servPort=(args.Length==3)? Int32.Parse(args[2]):7;
Console.WriteLine("Thread{0}({1})-Main()",
Thread.CurrentThread.GetHashCode(),Thread.CurrentThread.ThreadState);
//Create TcpClient that is connected to server on specified port
TcpClient client=new TcpClient();
client.Connect(server,servPort);
Console.WriteLine("Thread{0}({1})-Main()",
Thread.CurrentThread.GetHashCode(),Thread.CurrentThread.ThreadState);
NetworkStream netStream=client.GetStream();
ClientState cs=new ClientState(netStream, Encoding.ASCII.GetBytes(args[1]));
//send the encoded string to server
IAsyncResult result=netStream.BeginWrite(cs.ByteBuffer, 0, cs.ByteBuffer.Length,
new AsyncCallback(WriteCallback), cs);
doOtherStuff();
result.AsyncWaitHandl.WaitOne(); //block until EndWrite is called
//Receive the same string back the server
result =netStream.BeginRead(cs.ByteBuffer, cs.TotalBytes, cs.ByteBuffer.Lengthcs.TotalBytes, new AsyncCallback(ReadCallback), cs);
doOtherStuff();
ReadDone.WaitOne(); //Block until ReadDone is manually set
netStream.Close(); //close the stream
client.Close(); // close the socket
}
public static void doOtherStuff(){
for(int x=1; x<=5; x++){
Console.WriteLine("Thread{0}({1})-doOtherStuff():{2}...",
Thread.CurrentThread.GetHashCode(),Thread.CurrentThread.ThreadState,x);
Thread.Sleep(1000);
}
}
public static void WriteCallback(IAsyncResult asyncResult){
ClientState cs=(ClientState) asyncResult.AsyncState;
Cs.NetStream.EndWrite(asynchResult);
Console.WriteLine("Thread{0}({1})-WriteCallback()():{2} bytes",
Thread.CurrentThread.GetHashCode(),Thread.CurrentThread.ThreadState,
cs.ByteBuffer.Length);
}
public static void ReadCallBack(IAsyncResult asyncResult){
ClientState cs=(ClientState) asyncResult.AsyncState;
int bytesRcvd=cs.NetStream.EndRead(asyncResult);
cs.AddToTotalBytes(bytesRcvd);
cs.AppendResponse(Encoding.ASCII.GetString(cs.ByteBuffer, 0, bytesRcvd));
if(cs.TotalBytes < cs.ByteBuffer.Length){
Console.WriteLine("Thread{0}({1})-ReadCallback()():{2} bytes",
Thread.CurrentThread.GetHashCode(),Thread.CurrentThread.ThreadState, bytesRcvd);
Cs.NetStream.BeginRead(cs.ByteBuffer,cs.TotalBytes, cs.ByteBuffer.Length
cs.TotalBytes, new AsyncCallback(ReadCallback), cs.NetStream);
}else{
Console.WriteLine("Thread{0}({1})-ReadCallback()():{2} total",
Thread.CurrentThread.GetHashCode(),Thread.CurrentThread.ThreadState,
cs.TotalBytes,cs.EchoResponse);
ReadDone.Set(); //Signal read Complete event
}
}
}

526

Tcp
TcpEchoServerAsync.cs
using System; //For Console, IAsyncResult, ArgumentException
using System.Net;
//For IPEndPoint
using System.Net.Sockets; //For Socket
using Syste.Threading
//For ManualResetEvent
class ClientState{
//Object to contain client state, including the client socket
//and the receive buffer
private const int BUFSIZE=32; //size of receive buffer
private byte[] rcvBuffer;
private Socket clntSock;
public ClientState(Socket clntSock){
this.clntSock=clntSock;
rcvBuffer=new byte[BUFSIZE]; //Receive buffer
}
public byte[] RcvBuffer{
get{
return rcvBuffer;
}
}
public Socket ClntSock{
get{
return clntSock;
}
}
}
class TcpEchoServerAsync{
private const int BACKLOG=5; //outstanding connection queue max size
static void Main(string[] args){
if(args.Length!=1) //Test for correct number of args
throw new ArgumentException("Parameters: <Port>");
int servPort=Int32.Parse(args[0]);
//Create a socket to accept client connections
Socket servSock=new Socket(AddressFamily.InterNetwork, SocketType.Stream,
ProtocolType.Tcp);
servSock.Bine(new IPEndPOint(IPAddress.Any,servPort));
servSock.Listen(BACKLOG);
for(;;){ //Run server, accepting and servicing connections

Console.WriteLine("Thread{0}({1})-Main():calling BeginAccept",
Thread.CurrentThread.GetHashCode(),Thread.CurrentThread.ThreadState);

IAsyncResult result=servSock.BeginAccept(new AsyncCallback(AcceptCallback), servSock);

doOtherStuff();
//Wait for the EndAccept befor issuing a new Accept
result.AsysncWaitHandl.WaitOne();
}
}

public static void doOtherStuff(){

for(int x=1; x<=5; x++){

Console.WriteLine("Thread{0}({1})-doOtherStuff():{2}...",
Thread.CurrentThread.GetHashCode(),Thread.CurrentThread.ThreadState,x);
Thread.Sleep(1000);
}
}
public static void AcceptCallback(AsyncResult asyncResult){
Socket servSock=(Socket) asyncResult.AsyncState;
Socket clntSock=null;
try{
clntSock=servSock.EndAccept(asyncResult);

Console.WriteLine("Thread{0}({1})- AcceptCallback():handling client at {2}",

Thread.CurrentThread.GetHashCode(), Thread.CurrentThread.ThreadState,
clntSock.RemoteEndPoint);
ClientState cs=new ClientState(clntSock);

527

09177112161 - -

C#

clntSock.BeginReceive(cs.RcvBuffer, 0, cs.RcvBuffer.Length, SocketFlags.None, new

AsyncCallback(ReceiveCallback), cs);
}catch( SocketException se){
Console.WriteLine( se.ErrorCode + ":"+ se.Message);
clntSock.Close();
}
}
public static void ReceiveCallback(AsyncResult asyncResult){
ClientState cs=(ClientState) asyncResult.AsyncState;
try{
int recvMsgSize= cs.ClntSock.EndReceive(asyncResult);
if (recvMsgSize>0){

Console.WriteLine("Thread{0}({1})- ReciveCallback():received {2} bytes",

Thread.CurrentThread.GetHashCode(), Thread.CurrentThread.ThreadState,
recvMsgSize);
}else{
cs.clntSock.Close();
}
}catch( SocketException se) {
Console.WriteLine(se.ErrorCode+ ":"+ se.Message);
cs.ClntSock.Close();
}
}
public static void SendCallback(IAsyncResult asyncResult){
ClientState cs=(ClientState) asyncResult.AsyncState;
try{
int bytesSent=cs.ClntSock.EndSend(asyncResult);
Console.WriteLine("Thread{0}({1})- SendCallback():send {2} bytes",
Thread.CurrentThread.GetHashCode(), Thread.CurrentThread.ThreadState, bytesSent);
cs.ClntSock.BeginReceive(cs.RcvBuffer, 0, cs.RcvBuffer.Length, SocketFlags.None,
new AsysncCallback(ReceiveCallback), cs);
}catch( SocketException se){
Console.WriteLine(se.ErrorCode+ ":"+ se.Message);
Cs.ClntSock.Close();
}
}
}

528



:
1

MQ
MQ

-1-28
System.Messaging MQ
. 3
.

.
.
.
) (System.IO ,System.Net .
.

.
. .
.

. .
. .

Message queuing

Course order

Disconnected

C#

- 09177112161 -

. .
. .
.
.
:
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. MQ3,0 . WinXP Add-

Remove Program Windows Componets Message Queuing .

Message Queuing :
:Common Common MQ .

531

C#

- 09177112161 -

: Active Directory Integration Active Directory .

Active Directory
.
:MsMQHTTP Support HTTP .
:Triggers Triggers . MQ
) .(4-28
MQ .

4-28

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MQ .
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532

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: .
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Directory .
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Active Directory .
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533

C#

- 09177112161 -

.
.
.
-3-2-28
.
.
. MQ .

MMC Computer Management . WinXP MMC
Control Panel Administrative Tools Run compmgmt.msc .
Message Queuing Services and Application .
Private Queues Public Queues Action ) 5-28
( . Message Queuing Active Directory
.

5-28

Computer Management Action
) .(6-28

534

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}{ .
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GUID.

: uuidgen.exe guidgen.exe .
uuidgen.exe guidgen.exe .
2,0MQ .
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Authenticated .
privacy level . None,Optional
Body None . Body .
Optional .
Journal .
.
. .
3,0MQ Multicast IP .
IP .
.

-3-28
.
.
.
535

C#

- 09177112161 -

-1-3-28
Computer Management . ()Create
MessageQueue . ()Create .
. MyNewPublicQueue .
$private . private$\MyNewPrivateQueue\

()Create . Label
DemoQueue . .
UUID .
;using System
;using System.Messaging
namespace Wrox.ProCSharp.Messaging
{
class Program
{
)static void Main(string[] args
{
))"using (MessageQueue queue = MessageQueue.Create(@".\MyNewPublicQueue
{
;"queue.Label = "Demo Queue
;)"Console.WriteLine("Queue created:
;)Console.WriteLine("Path: {}", queue.Path
;)Console.WriteLine("FormatName: {}", queue.FormatName
}
}
}
}

-2-3-28 CourseOrder
.
:
)) CourseOrder .
) CourseOrderSender)Windows Forms .

CourseOrder
.
. CourseOrder .Customer ,Course ,CoursOrder :

. Course.CS Course .
:
;using System
namespace Wrox.ProCSharp.Messaging
{
public class Course
{
)(public Course
{
}
)public Course(string title

536


{
this.title = title;
}
private string title;
public string Title
{
get
{
return title;
}
set
{
title = value;
}
}
}
}

: Custormer Custromer.cs
using System;
namespace Wrox.ProCSharp.Messaging
{
public class Customer
{
public Customer()
{
}
public Customer(string company, string contact)
{
this.company = company;
this.contact = contact;
}
private string company;
public string Company
{
get
{
return company;
}
set
{
company = value;
}
}
private string contact;
public string Contact
{
get
{
return contact;
}
set
{
contact = value;
}
}
}
}

: Customer CourseOrder.cs
using System;
namespace Wrox.ProCSharp.Messaging
{
public class CourseOrder

537

C#

09177112161 -{
)(public CourseOrder
{
}
;private Customer customer
public Customer Customer
{
get
{
;return customer
}
set
{
;customer = value
}
}
;private Course course
public Course Course
{
get
{
;return course
}
set
{
;course = value
}
}
}
}

CourseOrderSender .
. CourseOrder System.Messaging .
7-28 . ComboBoxCourses
Web Services Advance .NET Programming ADO.NET .

7-28
Submit the Order ()OnSubmitCourseOrder .
CourseOrder TextBox ComboBox .
MessageQueue .
Computer

Management . ()Send CourseOrder

XMLMessage .
538


private void OnSubmitCourseOrder(object sender, EventArgs e)
{
CourseOrder order = new CourseOrder();
order.Course = new Course(comboBoxCourses.SelectedItem.ToString());
order.Customer = new Customer(textCompany.Text, textContact.Text);
using (MessageQueue queue = new MessageQueue(
"FormatName:Public=")
{
queue.Send(order, "Course Order {" + order.Customer.Company + "}");
}
MessageBox.Show("Course Order submitted");
}

. Message Priority
. Message
CheckBoxPriority . Message Priority
MessagePriority . MessagePriority.High
.( 7) ( 0)
. 3 Normal
. true Recoverable
private void OnSubmitCourseOrder(object sender, EventArgs e)
{
CourseOrder order = new CourseOrder();
order.Course = new Course(comboBoxCourses.SelectedItem.ToString());
order.Customer = new Customer(textCompany.Text, textContact.Text);
using (MessageQueue queue = new MessageQueue(
"FormatName:Public="))
using (System.Messaging.Message message =
new System.Messaging.Message(order))
{
if (checkBoxPriority.Checked)
message.Priority = MessagePriority.High;
message.Recoverable = true;
queue.Send(message, "Course Order {" + order.Customer.Company + "}");
}
MessageBox.Show("Course Order submitted");
}

.(8-28 )

539

09177112161 - -

C#

8-28

. 9-28
. listOrders .
.

9-28
MessageQueue CourseOrderRecieveForm
XMLMessageFormater .
. Formater

. PeekMessage .
.
using System;
using System.ComponentModel;
using System.Drawing;
using System.Windows.Forms;
using System.Threading;
using System.Messaging;
using Wrox.ProCSharp.Messaging;
namespace CourseOrderReceiver
{
public partial class CourseOrderReceiverForm : Form
{
private MessageQueue orderQueue;
public CourseOrderReceiverForm()
{
InitializeComponent();
orderQueue = new MessageQueue(
"FormatName:Public=");
System.Type[] types = new Type[];
types[] = typeof(CourseOrder);
types[] = typeof(Customer);
types[] = typeof(Course);
orderQueue.Formatter = new XmlMessageFormatter(types);
// start the thread that fills the ListBox with orders
Thread t = new Thread(new ThreadStart(PeekMessages));
t.IsBackground = true;
t.Start();
}

540

.( PeekMessage )
. while
.

. Windows Form .
.)( Invoke
private delegate void MethodInvoker(LabelIdMapping labelIdMapping);
private void PeekMessages()
{
using (MessageEnumerator messageEnum = orderQueue.GetMessageEnumerator())
{
while (messageEnum.MoveNext(TimeSpan.FromHours()))
{
Invoke(new MethodInvoker(AddListItem),
new LabelIdMapping(messageEnum.Current.Label,
messageEnum.Current.Id));
}
}
MessageBox.Show("No orders in the last hours. Exiting thread");
}
private void AddListItem(LabelIdMapping labelIdMapping)
{
listOrders.Items.Add(labelIdMapping);
}

. LabelIdMapping ListBox
. .
.
private class LabelIdMapping
{
private string label;
private string id;
public LabelIdMapping(string label, string id)
{
this.label = label;
this.id = id;
}
public override string ToString()
{
return label;
}
public string Id
{
get
{
return id;
}
}
}
OnOrderSelectionChanged SelectedIndexChanged ListBox

LabelIdMapping .
. TextBox .)( peekById
private void OnOrderSelectionChanged(object sender, EventArgs e)
{
LabelIdMapping labelId = (LabelIdMapping)listOrders.SelectedItem;
if (labelId == null)

541

09177112161 - -

C#

return;
System.Messaging.Message message = orderQueue.PeekById(labelId.Id);
CourseOrder order = message.Body as CourseOrder;
if (order != null)
{
textCourse.Text = order.Course.Title;
textCompany.Text = order.Customer.Company;
textContact.Text = order.Customer.Contact;
buttonProcessOrder.Enabled = true;
if (message.Priority > MessagePriority.Normal)
{
labelPriority.Visible = true;
}
else
{
labelPriority.Visible = false;
}
}
else
{
MessageBox.Show("The selected item is not a course order");
}
}

. OnProcessOrder Process Order

.)( ReceiveById
private void OnProcessOrder(object sender, EventArgs e)
{
LabelIdMapping labelId = (LabelIdMapping)listOrders.SelectedItem;
System.Messaging.Message message =
orderQueue.ReceiveById(labelId.Id);
listOrders.Items.Remove(labelId);
listOrders.SelectedIndex = -;
buttonProcessOrder.Enabled = false;
textCompany.Text = "";
textContact.Text = "";
textCourse.Text = "";
MessageBox.Show("Course order processed");
}
}
}

10-28
.

10-28

542

.
.

.

.
.
AdministrationQueue Message CourseOrderAck .
. .
. AcknowledgementType
AcknowledgementType.FullReceive .
;)Message message = new Message(order
= message.AdministrationQueue
;)"new MessageQueue(@".\CourseOrderAck
;message.AcknowledgementType = AcknowledgementTypes.FullReceive
queue.Send(message, "Course Order {" +
;)"}" order.Customer.Company +
;string id = message.Id

Correlation id .
Correlation id .
()MessageQueue.ReceiveByCorrelationId
.
. UseDeadLetterQueue Message true
.
TimeToReachQueue TimeToBeReceived .

.

.
ResponseQueue Message .
. CorrelationId
.
. . ()Send MessageQueue
RespenseQueue .
)public void ReceiveMessage(Message message
{
;)"Message responseMessage = new Message("response
;responseMessage.CorrelationId = message.Id
;)message.ReesponseQueue.Send(responseMessage
}

543

C#

- 09177112161 -

.

.
:
.
.

. .

.
.
true MessageQueue.Create .
MessageQueueTransaction

()Begin .
()Commit MessageQueueTransaction . )
( ()Abrot . Catch .
;using System
;using System.Messaging
namespace Wrox.ProCSharp.Messaging
{
class Program
{
)static void Main(string[] args
{
))"if (!MessageQueue.Exists(@".\MyTransactionalQueue
{
;)MessageQueue.Create(@".\MyTransactionalQueue", true
}
;)"MessageQueue queue = new MessageQueue(@".\MyTransactionalQueue
= MessageQueueTransaction transaction
;)(new MessageQueueTransaction
try
{
;)(transaction.Begin
;)queue.Send("a", transaction
;)queue.Send("b", transaction
;)queue.Send("c", transaction
;)(transaction.Commit
}
catch
{
;)(transaction.Abort
}
}
}
}

544

-4-28 MessageQueue
MessageQueue.Create .
. .
MessageQueueInstaller .
installuti.exe ()Install .
VS2005 MessageQueueInstaller Windows Form .
MessageQueue
Add Installer . MessageQueueInstaller
.

-5-28
Message Queuing .
.
.
MessageQueue Message . MessageQueue
Message .

545

C#

- 09177112161 -

NET Com

.
.
Com ActiveX .
NET. .NET Com .
NET. ActiveX Com 1 .NET
Com API 32Win .

-1-29 2 ActiveX
ActiveX Com
. OCX
ActiveX VB ++C . ActiveX .
ActiveX ActiveX .
. ActiveX .
ActiveX .NET 2005VS . ActiveX
. 2005VS AxImp
NET. .
Form Windows
. 6VB ActiveX Control .
. User Control
Properties . Calculator . Project Explorer Project
Properties CalcControl .
CalcControl . 1-29 :

546

Exposing

Import

COM NET.

1-29
1-29 VB . Code View 4
:
1-29
Public Function _
Add(left As Double, right As Double) _
As Double
Add = left + right
End Function
Public Function _
Subtract(left As Double, right As Double) _
As Double
Subtract = left - right
End Function
Public Function _
Multiply(left As Double, right As Double) _
As Double
Multiply = left * right
End Function
Public Function _
Divide(left As Double, right As Double) _
As Double
Divide = left / right
End Function

Make CalcControl.ocx File .

CalcTest TestForm . 6VB .
.
CalcControl Ctrl+T ActiveX
(. 2-29 )

547

C#

- 09177112161 -

2-29
. 3-29

3-29
TestForm CalcControl .
. . .
4-29 :

4-29
.btnAdd, btnSubtract, btnMultiply, btnDivide: 2-29
.

.
2-29
)(Private Sub btnAdd_Click
_ = Label.Caption
_ calcControl.Add(CDbl(Text.Text),
))CDbl(Text.Text
End Sub
) (Private Sub btnDivide_Click
_ = Label.Caption
_ calcControl.Divide(CDbl(Text.Text),
))CDbl(Text.Text
End Sub
) (Private Sub btnMultiply_Click
_ = Label.Caption

548

 NET. COM

_ calcControl.Multiply(CDbl(Text.Text),
))CDbl(Text.Text
End Sub
) (Private Sub btnSubtract_Click
_ = Label.Caption
_ calcControl.Subtract(CDbl(Text.Text),
))CDbl(Text.Text
End Sub

-2-29 NET.
CalcControl . 6VB
. CalcControl.ocx NET. .
CalcControl.ocx 132Regsvr . CalcControl
.NET :
CalcControl.ocx

regsvr32

#VC 2005VS . InteropTest

5-29 . TestForm .

5-29

-1-2-29
ActiveX 2005VS : 2005VS
aximp NET SDK. . 2005VS
Tools

Items

ToolBox

Choose

Components

Com

CalcControl.Calculator . 6-29 .

C:\WINDOWS\system32

549

C#

- 09177112161 -

6-29
CalcControl NET. 2005VS Choose ToolBox Tools
. 2005VS .
.

-2-2-29
aximp.exe .
7-29.

7-29
aximp.exe ActiveX :

: AxCalcControl.dll NET.

: CalcControl.dll .NET

: AxCalcControl.pdb

Choose ToolBox Items NET FrameWork Components.

. Axcalccontrol.dll NET.
. 8-29.

550

COM NET.

8-29

-3-2-29
. 9-29
.

9-29
. 6VB
3-29 .
.
3-29
private void btnAdd_Click(object sender, System.EventArgs e)
{
double left = double.Parse(textBox.Text);
double right = double.Parse(textBox.Text);
label.Text = axCalculator.Add( ref left, ref right).ToString( );
}
private void btnDivide_Click(object sender, System.EventArgs e)
{
double left = double.Parse(textBox.Text);
double right = double.Parse(textBox.Text);
label.Text = axCalculator.Divide(ref left, ref right).ToString( );
}
private void btnMultiply_Click(object sender, System.EventArgs e)
{
double left = double.Parse(textBox.Text);
double right = double.Parse(textBox.Text);
label.Text = axCalculator.Multiply(ref left, ref right).ToString( );
}

551

09177112161 - -

C#

private void btnSubtract_Click(object sender, System.EventArgs e)

{
double left = double.Parse(textBox.Text);
double right = double.Parse(textBox.Text);
label.Text = axCalculator.Subtract(ref left, ref right).ToString( );
}

Double.Parse 1
. 2
. 10-29 . 3

10-29

Com -3-29
Com . ActiveX
. COM DLL ActiveX
. COM 6VB NET.
. 6VB COM DLL . ActiveX DLL
4-29 . . ComCalculater ComCalc
.
22-4
Public Function _
Add(left As Double, right As Double) _
As Double
Add = left + right
End Function
Public Function _
Subtract(left As Double, right As Double) _
As Double
Subtract = left - right
End Function
Public Function _
Multiply(left As Double, right As Double) _
As Double
Multiply = left * right
End Function
Public Function _
Divide(left As Double, right As Double) _
As Double
1

Textbox

Double

Label

552

COM NET.

Divide = left / right

End Function

. Make ComCalculator.dll DLL File

Project

DLL . Calculator
. 11-29 . ComCalculator Refrences

11-29

ComTestForm -1-3-29
Comcalc . Com
. 5-29 .
5-29
Private Sub btnAdd_Click()
Dim theCalc As New ComCalc
Label.Caption = _
theCalc.Add(CDbl(Text.Text), _
CDbl(Text.Text))
End Sub
Private Sub btnDivide_Click( )
Dim theCalc As New ComCalc
Label.Caption = _
theCalc.Divide(CDbl(Text.Text), _
CDbl(Text.Text))
End Sub
Private Sub btnMultiply_Click( )
Dim theCalc As New ComCalc
Label.Caption = _
theCalc.Multiply(CDbl(Text.Text), _
CDbl(Text.Text))
End Sub
Private Sub btnSubtract_Click( )
Dim theCalc As New ComCalc
Label.Caption = _
theCalc.Subtract(CDbl(Text.Text), _
CDbl(Text.Text))
End Sub

553

C#

- 09177112161 -

-2-3-29 COM DLL NET.

ComCalc DLL NET. .
.
. .

NET. .
COM .
. .
. Com .
NET .

-3-3-29
Com Dll VB6 . Com NET
. Com . .
IDE .
Tlbimp.exe Tlbimp.exe . interop
. NET Com Rcw1 . Rcw NET
Com .
-4-3-29
Comcalculator.Dll NET 32Regsvr .
Com NFT Tlbimp.exe . :
] out/:

Tlbimp.exe

dll

12-29 .

12-29

-5-3-22
Com ComDllTest .
IDE .

Add

Reference Com Com . 13-29 .

Runtime callable wrapper

554

COM NET.

13-29

RCW Tlbimp
C:\Documents and Settings\Administrator\Application
Data\Microsoft\VisualStudio\RCW.

.
Tlbimp.exe ComDll Dll
ComcalculaorDllNETDll . Projects
(14-29 ) . .

14-29
. 6-29
6-29
#region Using directives
using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.ComponentModel;
using System.Data;
using System.Drawing;
using System.Windows.Forms;
#endregion
namespace ComDLLTest
{
partial class Form : Form
{
public Form( )
{
InitializeComponent( );
}
private void btnAdd_Click(
object sender, System.EventArgs e )
{
Double left, right, result;
left = Double.Parse( textBox.Text );
right = Double.Parse( textBox.Text );
ComCalculatorDLLNET.ComCalc theCalc =
new ComCalculatorDLLNET.ComCalc( );

555

09177112161 - -

C#

result = theCalc.Add( ref left, ref right );

label.Text = result.ToString( );
}
private void btnSubtract_Click(
object sender, System.EventArgs e )
{
Double left, right, result;
left = Double.Parse(textBox.Text);
right = Double.Parse(textBox.Text);
ComCalculatorDLLNET.ComCalc theCalc =
new ComCalculatorDLLNET.ComCalc( );
result = theCalc.Subtract(ref left, ref right);
label.Text = result.ToString( );
}
private void btnMultiply_Click(
object sender, System.EventArgs e )
{
Double left, right, result;
left = Double.Parse( textBox.Text );
right = Double.Parse( textBox.Text );
ComCalculatorDLLNET.ComCalc theCalc =
new ComCalculatorDLLNET.ComCalc( );
result = theCalc.Multiply( ref left, ref right );
label.Text = result.ToString( );
}
private void btnDivide_Click(
object sender, System.EventArgs e )
{
Double left, right, result;
left = Double.Parse( textBox.Text );
right = Double.Parse( textBox.Text );
ComCalculatorDLLNET.ComCalc theCalc =
new ComCalculatorDLLNET.ComCalc( );
result = theCalc.Divide( ref left, ref right );
label.Text = result.ToString( );
}
}
}

. Comcalculater.Comcalc Activex
. . NET Com
. 15-29
15-29

-6-3-29
. Com
. 6-29
Comcalculater.ComCalc .
.
. Comcalc Type
556

COM NET.

Type comCalcType;
comCalcType = Type.GetTypeFromProgID("ComCalculator.ComCalc");

ComDll NET GetTypeFromProgID

. GetType .
Type theMathType = Type.GetType("System.Math");

. NET
. Comcalc CreateInstance
object comCalcObject = Activator.CreateInstance(comCalcType);

. InvokeMember
CreateInstance
. InvokeMember
object[] inputArguments = {left, right };
result = (Double) comCalcType.InvokeMember(
"Subtract", // the method to invoke
BindingFlags.InvokeMethod, // how to bind
null, // binder
comCalcObject, // the COM object
inputArguments); // the method arguments

. Result Double
. 16-29 .

16-29
.
System.Reflection using 7-29 . Inroke
.
7-29
#region Using directives
using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.ComponentModel;
using System.Data;
using System.Drawing;
using System.Reflection;
using System.Windows.Forms;
#endregion
namespace LateBinding
{
partial class Form : Form
{
public Form( )
{
InitializeComponent( );
}
private void btnAdd_Click(
object sender, System.EventArgs e )
{
Invoke( "Add" );
}

557

09177112161 - -

C#

private void btnSubtract_Click(

object sender, System.EventArgs e )
{
Invoke( "Subtract" );
}
private void btnMultiply_Click(
object sender, System.EventArgs e )
{
Invoke( "Multiply" );
}
private void btnDivide_Click(
object sender, System.EventArgs e )
{
Invoke( "Divide" );
}
private void Invoke( string whichMethod )
{
Double left, right, result;
left = Double.Parse( textBox.Text );
right = Double.Parse( textBox.Text );
// create a Type object to hold type information
Type comCalcType;
// an array for the arguments
object[] inputArguments =
{ left, right };
// get the type info from the COM object
comCalcType =
Type.GetTypeFromProgID(
"ComCalculator.ComCalc" );
// create an instance
object comCalcObject =
Activator.CreateInstance( comCalcType );
// invoke the method dynamically and
// cast the result to Double
result = ( Double ) comCalcType.InvokeMember(
whichMethod, // the method to invoke
BindingFlags.InvokeMethod, // how to bind
null, // binder
comCalcObject, // the COM object
inputArguments ); // the method arguments
label.Text = result.ToString( );
}
}
}

NET -4-29
Regasm . Com NET
.
: . GAC Dll . Dll Regasm
Regasm MyAssembly.dll

4 C#Dll .
. 8-29 .
8-29
using System;
using System.Reflection;
[assembly: AssemblyKeyFile("test.key")]
namespace Programming_CSharp
{

558

COM NET.

public
{
public
{
}
public
{
return
}
public
{
return
}
public
{
return
}
public
{
return
}
}
}

class Calculator
Calculator( )
Double Add (Double left, Double right)
left + right;
Double Subtract (Double left, Double right)
left - right;
Double Multiply (Double left, Double right)
left * right;
Double Divide (Double left, Double right)
left / right;

. ProgrammingCsharpDll Calculater.CS
-29 . Signing Strong
. 17

17-29
. 18-29 Create Key
22-8

559

C#

- 09177112161 -

GAC .
gacutil /i ProgrammingCSharpDLL.dll
Regasm ProgrammingCSharpDLL.dll

VBScript Com .
9-29 .
9-29
dim calc
dim msg
dim result
)"set calc = CreateObject("Programming_CSharp.Calculator
)result = calc.Multiply(
"msg = " * =" & result & ".
)Call MsgBox(msg

) 19-29 (.

19-29

-1-4-22
NET Dll .
TlbExp .
TlbExp ProgrammingCSharpDLL.dll /out:Calc.tlb

OLE/Com Object Viewer

. 20-29.

560

 NET. COM

20-29
Com .

P/Invoke-5-29
#C . FCL
. 2,0 NET P/Invoke .
NET Platform P/Invoke API .
DLL .
MoveTo FileInfo .
;)"file.MoveTo(fullName + ".bak

.dll32Kernel MoveFile .
Static Extern DllImport .
[DllImport("kernel.dll", EntryPoint="MoveFile",
ExactSpelling=false, CharSet=CharSet.Unicode,
])SetLastError=true
(static extern bool MoveFile
;)string sourceFile, string destinationFile

DllImport P/Inroke
. .
:DllName Dll .
:EntryPoint Dll .
: ExactSpelling CLR CLR .
:Charset .
:SetLastError true Marshal.GetLastWin32Error

.
MoveFile .
;)"Tester.MoveFile(file.FullName,file.FullName + ".bak

561

09177112161 - -

10-29
#region Using directives
using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.IO;
using System.Runtime.InteropServices;
using System.Text;
#endregion
namespace UsingPInvoke
{
class Tester
{
// declare the WinAPI method you wish to P/Invoke
[DllImport( "kernel.dll", EntryPoint = "MoveFile",
ExactSpelling = false, CharSet = CharSet.Unicode,
SetLastError = true )]
static extern bool MoveFile(
string sourceFile, string destinationFile );
public static void Main( )
{
// make an instance and run it
Tester t = new Tester( );
string theDirectory = @"c:\test\media";
DirectoryInfo dir =
new DirectoryInfo( theDirectory );
t.ExploreDirectory( dir );
}
// Set it running with a directory name
private void ExploreDirectory( DirectoryInfo dir )
{
// make a new subdirectory
string newDirectory = "newTest";
DirectoryInfo newSubDir =
dir.CreateSubdirectory( newDirectory );
// get all the files in the directory and
// copy them to the new directory
FileInfo[] filesInDir = dir.GetFiles( );
foreach ( FileInfo file in filesInDir )
{
string fullName = newSubDir.FullName +
"\\" + file.Name;
file.CopyTo( fullName );
Console.WriteLine( "{} copied to newTest",
file.FullName );
}
// get a collection of the files copied in
filesInDir = newSubDir.GetFiles( );
// delete some and rename others
int counter = ;
foreach ( FileInfo file in filesInDir )
{
string fullName = file.FullName;
if ( counter++ % == )
{
// P/Invoke the Win API
Tester.MoveFile( fullName, fullName + ".bak" );
Console.WriteLine( "{} renamed to {}",
fullName, file.FullName );
}
else
{
file.Delete( );
Console.WriteLine( "{} deleted.",

562

C#

COM NET.

fullName );
}
}
// delete the subdirectory
newSubDir.Delete( true );
}
}
}
Output (excerpt):
c:\test\media\newTest\recycle.wav renamed to
c:\test\media\newTest\recycle.wav
c:\test\media\newTest\ringin.wav renamed to
c:\test\media\newTest\ringin.wav

563

DLL

NET. . DLL
EXE . DLL
.
NET. .
.
GIF.
.

-1-30 PE

. PE . PE
NET. PE . PE DLL EXE .
. .
. .
.
.

-1-1-30

. - 1
.
Portable Executable

-2-1-30
.
.
. IDE
. . internal
.

-3-1-30 2
. :
) (
public .
. ILDASM .
ILDASM 1-30 .
1-30

) ( . Manifest 2-30
.

565

self describing

manifest

C#

- 09177112161 -

2-30
. mscorlib
. mscorlib NET.
NET Platform. .
. .
.

-2-30
. 2005VS .
EXE DLL .
. .
.
.
. .
) EXE ( DLL .
.
.

-1-2-30

. Fraction .
. 1-30 .
1-30
#region Using directives

566

 -
using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Text;
#endregion
namespace ProgCS
{
public class Fraction
{
private int numerator;
private int denominator;
public Fraction( int numerator, int denominator )
{
this.numerator = numerator;
this.denominator = denominator;
}
public Fraction Add( Fraction rhs )
{
if ( rhs.denominator != this.denominator )
{
return new Fraction(
rhs.denominator * numerator +
rhs.numerator * denominator,
denominator * rhs.denominator);
}
return new Fraction(
this.numerator + rhs.numerator,
this.denominator );
}
public override string ToString( )
{
return numerator + "/" + denominator;
}
}
}
. ProgCS.Fraction . ProgCS Fraction

)( ADD . denominator numerator Fraction

. denominator . Fraction
.
. 2-30 MyCalc
2-30
#region Using directives
using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Text;
#endregion
namespace ProgCS
{
public class MyCalc
{
public int Add( int val1, int val2 )
{
return val1 + val2;
}
public int Mult( int val1, int val2 )
{
return val1 * val2;
}
}
}
MyCalc MyCalc

. ProgCS

567

C#

- 09177112161 -

. AssemblyInfo.CS
. AssemblyInfo.CS . VS
.
VS . addModule/
. makefile .
NotePad . MAKEFILE .
makefile .
3-30 makefile . makefile
Fraction.CS Calc.CS AssemblyInfo.CS . NET.
CD . nmake .
MySharedAssembly.DLL \ Bin .
3-30
ASSEMBLY= MySharedAssembly.dll
BIN=.\bin
SRC=.
DEST=.\bin
CSC=csc /nologo /debug+ /d:DEBUG /d:TRACE
MODULETARGET=/t:module
LIBTARGET=/t:library
EXETARGET=/t:exe
REFERENCES=System.dll
MODULES=$(DEST)\Fraction.dll $(DEST)\Calc.dll
METADATA=$(SRC)\AssemblyInfo.cs
all: $(DEST)\MySharedAssembly.dll
# Assembly metadata placed in same module as manifest
)$(DEST)\$(ASSEMBLY): $(METADATA) $(MODULES) $(DEST
$(CSC) $(LIBTARGET) /addmodule:$(MODULES: =;) /out:$@ %s
# Add Calc.dll module to this dependency list
)$(DEST)\Calc.dll: Calc.cs $(DEST
$(CSC) $(MODULETARGET) /r:$(REFERENCES: =;) /out:$@ %s
# Add Fraction
)$(DEST)\Fraction.dll: Fraction.cs $(DEST
$(CSC) $(MODULETARGET) /r:$(REFERENCES: =;) /out:$@ %s
$(DEST)::
))!if !EXISTS($(DEST
)mkdir $(DEST
!endif

makefile .
ASSEMBLY= MySharedAssembly.dll

. BIN
.
SRC=.
DEST=.\bin

.
)$(DEST)\$(ASSEMBLY): $(METADATA) $(MODULES) $(DEST
$(CSC) $(LIBTARGET) /addmodule:$(MODULES: =;) /out:$@ %s
bin . nmake

. .
.
METADATA=$(SRC)\AssemblyInfo.cs

568

DLL .
MODULES=$(DEST)\Fraction.dll $(DEST)\Calc.dll

.
MySharedAssembly.DLL .
)$(DEST)\$(ASSEMBLY): $(METADATA) $(MODULES) $(DEST
$(CSC) $(LIBTARGET) /addmodule:$(MODULES: =;) /out:$@ %s
nmake . Calc.DLL nmake .

Calc.CS . DLL nmake.

/R:)$

)$(MODULETARGET

)$(CSC

)$(DEST

(REFRENCES:=;) 4DEST)\CALC.DLL:CALC.CS
/OUT:$@%S

Fraction.DLL .
)$

)$(MODULETARGET

)$(CSC

)$(DEST

DEST)\FRACTION.DLL:FRACTION.CS
(REFRENCES:=;) /OUT:$@%S4/R:

nmake DLL Fraction.DLL Calc.DLL : .MySharedAssembly.DLL

MySharedAssembly.DLL ILDASM . ).(3-30

3-17

) 4-30
(.
4-30

569

09177112161 - -

C#

ProgCS.Calc ( mscorlib)
. ProgCS.Fraction
Calc.DLL MySharedAssembly.DLL : DLL
. Fraction.DLL

-2-2-30
. 4-30 .
. Test.CS
4-30
namespace Programming_CSharp
{
using System;
public class Test
{
// main will not load the shared assembly
static void Main( )
{
Test t = new Test( );
t.UseCS( );
t.UseFraction( );
}
// calling this loads the myCalc assembly
// and the mySharedAssembly assembly as well
public void UseCS( )
{
ProgCS.myCalc calc = new ProgCS.myCalc( );
Console.WriteLine("3+5 = {0}\n3*5 = {1}",
calc.Add(3,5), calc.Mult(3,5));
}
// calling this adds the Fraction assembly
public void UseFraction( )
{
ProgCS.Fraction frac1 = new ProgCS.Fraction(3,5);
ProgCS.Fraction frac2 = new ProgCS.Fraction(1,5);
ProgCS.Fraction frac3 = frac1.Add(frac2);
Console.WriteLine("{0} + {1} = {2}",
frac1, frac2, frac3);
}
}
}

570

:
3+5 = 8
3*5 = 15
3/5 + 1/5 = 4/5

()Main .
()Main . Calc Fraction ()Main .
UseFraction UseCalc .

AssemblyResolver AssemblyResolver .
NET. . .
.
DLL 4-30 bin . 17-5
()Main .
5-30

. ) 6-30 (.
6-30

571

C#

- 09177112161 -

VS.NET ()System.Diagnostics.Debugger .Launch

()Main . ) . Test.CS debug/
r:MySharedAssembly.DLL/ (.
. UseCS
AssemblyLoader MySharedAssembly.DLL DLL
Calc.DLL . 7-30
.

UseFraction DLL .

-3-2-30
: .
. .
. #C
. ) ( .

.
. .
.
DLL
.
.

-4-2-30
.
.
:
572

: . .

.
.

:
.
: GAC . CLR
.

-5-2-30 DLL
DLL . . A
DLL Windows . B
. A ) A B ( .
B DLL A A .
DLL . DLL
DLL . Pat Johnson
. DLL
DLL DLL
.
. .

-3-30
NET. GAC .
.
.
4) 1:0:2204:21 : ( . )(1:0
. ) (2204 ) (21 .
.
.
. AssemblyResolver CLR
.

-1-3-30
:

573

C#

- 09177112161 -

.
.

.
. .
- .
) (Hash . Hash
) Hash ( .
. CLR . Hash

.
.
sn .
sn -k c:\myStrongName.snk

k .
.
.
.
;using System.Runtime.CompilerServices
])"[assembly: AssemblyKeyFile("c:\myStrongName.key

GAC-2-3-30
GAC

. gacutil GAC .
gacutil /i MySharedAssembly.dll
Explorer

File GAC GAC .

SystemRoot%\assembly% .

-3-3-30
. ) 1-30 4-30
( Calc.CS Fraction.CS.
: bin
MySharedAssembly.DLL .
) (MySharedAssembly CopyLocal false . .
.
Unhandled Exception: System.IO.FileNotFoundException: File or assembly name
MySharedAssembly, or one of its dependencies, was not found.
"File name: "MySharedAssembly
) (at Programming_CSharp.Test.UseCS
) (at Programming_CSharp.Test.Main

574

DLL . .
MySharedAssembly . :
GAC .

:1
.
sn -k keyFile.snk

AssemblyInfo.CS MySharedAssembly.DLL .
])""([assembly: AssemblyKeyFile

.
])"[assembly: AssemblyKeyFile("keyFile.snk

. DLL ILDASM
. ) 8-30(.
8-30

. GAC
DLL . DLL
.
sn -T MySharedAssembly.dll

SN . :
Public key token is 01fad8e0f0941a4d

: . GAC
GAC . Explorer
%SystemRoot% Assembly GAC Explorer

.
GAC .
Gacutil /i mySharedAssembly.dll

sn 9-30
.
9-30

575

C#

- 09177112161 -

. .
) 10-30
(.
10-30

MySharedAssembly
GAC .
ILDASM . DLL .
.

-4-3-30
.
) ( .
.
. ) / / ( ) / / ( .

576

 1
2005#C
VS #VC #VC .
. #C
:
-

2005VS . #J VB
++VC VS . Tools For Office Professional Standard

VS Team

System .
.
-

:Express #VC
VS.
1

#C . .
VS .
2005#VC Team System
-1 CD 2005VS . CD

setup.exe . 1.
-2 . VS
.

 -1 VS

VS . VS .
Install Visual Studio .
-3 Continue .
-4 VS :
-

:Default VS .

:Full VS .

VS .

:Custom VS
.
VS Custom
Next .

-5 VS .
. 2005VC++
. .

SQL Server

Express 2005 .
:
-

Feature Description .

Feature Install Path .

Disk Space Requirements

.

VS 2005#VC .
. . MB100
.
2

579

C#

- 09177112161 -

-6 Install .
. .
-7 .
.
. Done VS.

2005#VC
#C 2005#VC .
NotePad . #VC NotePad

. VS IDE .
IDE VS
.
3

Profile Setup

IDE 2005VS .
. Start
All Programs 2005Microsoft Visual Studio Microsoft Visual Studio

2005 . VS

Choose Default

Environment Settings . Visual C# Development Settings

Start Visual Studio . 3
.
580

 -1 VS

. IDE .
IDE .
Word Excel.
2005VS
. IDE VS
Community , Window, Test , Tools , Data , View ,Edit , File Help .
VS 4 .
4
. .
:

: File .
. File
.

: Edit :

Undo, Redo, Cut,

Copy , Paste . Delete

: View View IDE Explorer Solution

, Properties Output , Toolbar ... .

:Project
.

: Build
#VC ) Start Word ( Excel

: Debug VS .
Debugger VS2005 . Debugger
.

: Data .
) VS
) (Design ( .

: Format .
) TextBox (...
.

:Tools IDE VS2005 .

VS .

: Test Test
.

: Window
Word Excel .
581

C#

- 09177112161 -

IDE . VS
.

:Community
.

:Help Help VS2005 .

) ( .

.

IDE VS Image Editor Formatting .Text Editor
Toolbars View .
.
. ..File New Project
) (5 .
5

.
. .
File Project .
) Copy Cut .(Paste
....
). ( .
.
VS Solution Explorer
Start Page Object Browser Toolbox Properties .
.
: .
.

582