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Chapter 4 - Keyboard and Mouse

The document discusses keyboards and mice. It describes the construction and operation of keyboards, including their key matrix layout and how pressing keys is translated into characters. It also discusses the history and types of mice, including mechanical, optical, and trackball mice. Maintenance of keyboards and mice involves cleaning them to prevent dust buildup from affecting their operation.

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3K views

Chapter 4 - Keyboard and Mouse

The document discusses keyboards and mice. It describes the construction and operation of keyboards, including their key matrix layout and how pressing keys is translated into characters. It also discusses the history and types of mice, including mechanical, optical, and trackball mice. Maintenance of keyboards and mice involves cleaning them to prevent dust buildup from affecting their operation.

Uploaded by

ratZ_trg
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Chapter 4 : Keyboard &

Mouse
Keyboard
• Construction and types of keyboard
•Keyboard Interface
•Keyboard Operation
•Fault Symptoms
History
• The invention of the
modern computer
keyboard began with
the invention of the
typewriter by
Christopher Latham
Sholes, 1868
Keyboard Structure
Keyboard Construction - 1
• Keyboard have one, two or three
main chips.
• One of these chips is a
microprocessor.
• Other chip is ROM chip that holds
the program that translates the
keyboard’s signal.
• Older keyboard using Intel 8048 or
Motorola 6805 chip.
• New one use an IC that has an
integrated CPU and ROM such as
8049 and 8255.
Keyboard Construction - 2
• This board does required electricity to
perform – power is supplied through the
cable from the computer’s power supply
(5V).
• The keys on the keyboard are laid out in a
series of rows and columns – key matrix.
• Most keyboards have between 80 and
110 keys, including:
– Typing keys
– A numeric keypad
– Function keys
– Control keys
Keyboard Operation - 1
1. When you press a key, it presses a
switch, completing the circuit and
allowing a tiny amount of current to flow
through.
2. The mechanical action of the switch
causes some vibration, called bounce,
which the processor filters out.
3. If you press and hold a key, the
processor recognizes it as the equivalent
of pressing a key repeatedly.
Keyboard Operation - 2
4. When the processor finds a circuit that is
closed, it compares the location of that
circuit on the key matrix to the character
map in its read-only memory (ROM).
5. For example, the character map lets the
processor know that pressing the a key
by itself corresponds to a small letter "a,"
but the Shift and a keys pressed
together correspond to a capital "A."
Switch allow
Key press
current flow

Processor process
the signal

Character map
Compares
lets the processor
character map
know the pressing
in its ROM
key
Keyboard Maintenance and Repair
The keyboard is not functioning
• Step 1: Verify the connection
– Shut down the computer.
– Plug your device into the correct port.
– Restart the computer.

• Step 2: Download and install the latest keyboard


software

• Step 3: Manually reinstall the drivers


– Disconnect the keyboard from the computer.
– In Windows XP, click Start, click Run, type devmgmt.msc,
and then click OK.
– Double-click Keyboard, right-click the keyboard that you
use, and then click Uninstall.
– Restart the computer. Your computer detects keyboard
and then reinstalls the drivers for the device.
The keys do not strike correctly
• Make sure that the keyboard is free of dust, dirt,
and foreign matter.
• Use compressed air to blow dust out of the hard-
to-clean crevices in the keyboard.
• If you spill a drink or some other liquid on the
keyboard, immediately turn the keyboard upside
down to let the liquid drain out, and then remove
as much liquid as possible. Wait until the
keyboard is completely dry before you use it
again.
• Do not take the keyboard apart. If you
disassemble the keyboard, you may void the
manufacturer warranty
The wrong characters are typed
• Follow the steps in the "The Keys Do Not
Strike Correctly"
• Connect the keyboard to a different
computer. If the keyboard functions
correctly on a different computer, the port
to which the keyboard was connected on
the original computer may be damaged.
• If the keyboard does not function correctly
on another computer, the keyboard may
be defective.
• To test key, use MS Key (refer
www.microsoft.com)
Mouse
•Type of mouse
•Mouse interface
•Mouse operation concept
•Fault symptom
History - 1

The world's first trackball


invented by Tom
Cranston, Fred
Longstaff and Kenyon
Taylor working on the
Royal Canadian Navy's
DATAR project in 1952
History - 2
• The first computer
mouse, held by inventor
Douglas Engelbart,
showing the wheels that
make contact with the
working surface

• Mouse first broke


onto the public
stage with the
introduction of the
Apple Macintosh in
1984
Mouse Construction
Types of mouse
• Three (3) types of mouse
– Mechanical mouse
– Optical mouse
– Trackballs
Mechanical Mouse
Mechanical Mouse (1)
• When open the retaining plate there is a
ball.
• Peek inside and you should see three
rollers – one is located directly toward the
front or back of the mouse, one is located
on one side and the third roller is
positioned at 45 degrees.
• As the ball rolls along the surface, it
moves these rollers.
• Direction and angle of movement directly
affect the speed at which the roller rotate.
Mechanical Mouse (2)
• A wheel which attached to the roller has a
bunch of teeth cut into it.
• An LED shines a light past the wheel.
• A photosensitive receptor picks up the
light from the LED.
• The wheel generates a flickering light
which causes the receptor to generate a
series of electronic pulse.
• The drivers installed in the computer
keeps track of the number of pulse
generated by each roller and uses the
information to move the cursor.
Mechanical Mouse (3)

Ball Contact with.. Roller


At
ta
ch
ed
to
…

Shaft – generate
signal pulse
Logic chip –
Transmitted to…
Translate the pulse
into binary data
Optical Mouse
Optical Mouse (1)
• Optical mouse differs significantly from
mechanical is it has no ball.
• It uses a pair of LEDs, a pair of optical
sensors, and a mouse pad that has a
distinct pattern.
• The LED shine down on the mouse pad
and reflect back to photoreceptors on the
base of the device.
• When the device move, the reflections of
light coming back provide the light pulse
that the mouse drivers use for tracking.
Optical Mouse (2)
• Optical mice have several benefits over
wheeled mice:
– No moving parts means less wear and a lower
chance of failure.
– There's no way for dirt to get inside the mouse
and interfere with the tracking sensors.
– Increased tracking resolution means
smoother response.
– They don't require a special surface, such as
a mouse pad.
Trackball
Trackball
• Basically a stationary mouse.
• Perform same function as a mouse while
staying in one place.
• Is an upside-down mouse.
• Perform in the same manner, except that
the ball is positioned at the top of the
device.
Maintenance (1)
• In term of physical maintenance, cleaning
is about the only thing that you can do to
help your mouse.
• The ball pick up small particles of dust as
they move – sticks to the rollers and once
enough, the roller and ball won’t be in
synch with each other.
• As result, you get erractic movement of
the cursor as it moves across the screen
• The fix – clean it.
Maintenance (2)
• Other problem are related with the mouse
setting in OS.
• You can adjust the sensitivity of your
mouse.
• If it is not set sensitively enough for your
taste, the mouse will require excessive
movement across the pad in order to get
the cursor where you want it.
• If you use your mouse to make extremely
minute corrections, then you might need to
increase sensitivity.

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