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Laws of Logarithms

The document discusses the laws (properties) of logarithms including: - The product rule which states that logarithms of multiplied terms become addition. - The quotient rule which states that logarithms of divided terms become subtraction. - The power rule which states that exponents become multipliers within logarithms. - The change of base formula which allows rewriting logarithms between bases. Proofs are provided for each law through algebraic manipulation of logarithmic and exponential expressions. Examples show how to use the laws to simplify, expand, or evaluate logarithmic expressions.

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94 views14 pages

Laws of Logarithms

The document discusses the laws (properties) of logarithms including: - The product rule which states that logarithms of multiplied terms become addition. - The quotient rule which states that logarithms of divided terms become subtraction. - The power rule which states that exponents become multipliers within logarithms. - The change of base formula which allows rewriting logarithms between bases. Proofs are provided for each law through algebraic manipulation of logarithmic and exponential expressions. Examples show how to use the laws to simplify, expand, or evaluate logarithmic expressions.

Uploaded by

api-285179261
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Laws (Properties) of

Logarithms

Objectives
Rewrite (expand) a logarithm to contain no
logarithms of products, quotients, or
powers.
Rewrite (condense) a logarithmic expression
into the logarithm of a single value.
Use the change of base formula to rewrite a
logarithm as a common logarithm or a
natural logarithm.
Basically, use the log laws to simplify,
expand, or evaluate

Vocabulary
product rule: multiplication becomes
addition
quotient rule: division becomes
subtraction
power rule: exponent becomes multiplier

Laws of Logarithms
product rule - multiplication becomes addition

loga (xy ) loga x loga y


quotient rule - division becomes subtraction

x
loga
y

loga x loga y

power rule - exponent becomes multiplier

loga (x ) y y loga x

Change of Base Formula


logc b
loga b
logc a

Proof for the Product


Rule

logaxy=logax+logay
Proof:
Step 1:

Letm= logaxandn =logay


Step 2:Write in exponent form

x=amandy=an
Step 3:Multiplyxandy

xy=am an=am+n

Step 4:Take log of both sides and evaluate


log xy =log a
log xy =(m + n) log a
log xy =m + n
log xy =log x+ log y
a

m+n

a
a

Proof for the Quotient


logax/y=logax-logay
Rule
Proof:
Step 1:
Letm= logaxandn =logay
Step 2:Write in exponent form
x=a andy=a
m

Step 3:Dividexbyy
xy=aman=am n
Step 4:Take log of both sides and evaluate
a

loga (xy)=logaam - n
loga(xy)=(m - n) logaa
loga(xy)=m - n

Proof for the Power Rule


logaxn=nloga x

Proof:
Step 1:
Letm= logax
Step 2:Write in exponent form
x=am
Step 3:Raise both sides to the power ofn

xn = (am)n
Step 4:Convert back to a logarithmic equation
logaxn= mn
Step 5:Substitute form= logax
log xn= nlog x

Use the Laws of Logarithms to


rewrite the expression in a form with
no logarithm of a product, quotient or
power.

log3 x y
8

Use the Laws of Logarithms to


rewrite the expression in a form with
no logarithm of a product, quotient or
power.
6
x x 1

log

3
x

Rewrite the expression as a single


logarithm.
3log x 5 log x 1 5 log x 1
2

Rewrite the expression as a single


logarithm.
log a b log a b 4 log c

Evaluate the expression


without using the Change of
Base Formula.
log9 13122 log9 2

Evaluate the expression using the


Change of Base Formula

log4 59

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