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Basic Linux Commands

This document provides summaries of basic Linux commands including mkdir, cat, ls, cp, mv, rm, du, zip, and touch. It explains that mkdir is used to create directories, cat can read from and write to files, ls lists files and directories with options to change the output format, cp copies files, mv moves or renames files, rm removes files and directories, du shows disk usage, zip compresses files into zip archives, and touch can create or update timestamps of files.

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Varsha Parag Singhal
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315 views4 pages

Basic Linux Commands

This document provides summaries of basic Linux commands including mkdir, cat, ls, cp, mv, rm, du, zip, and touch. It explains that mkdir is used to create directories, cat can read from and write to files, ls lists files and directories with options to change the output format, cp copies files, mv moves or renames files, rm removes files and directories, du shows disk usage, zip compresses files into zip archives, and touch can create or update timestamps of files.

Uploaded by

Varsha Parag Singhal
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as TXT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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################################################################################

####################
BASIC LINUX COMMANDS
################################################################################
####################
=======
mkdir
=======
Is used to create directories.
[oracle@pc12c1
[oracle@pc12c1
[oracle@pc12c1
[oracle@pc12c1

Desktop]$
Desktop]$
Desktop]$
Desktop]$

mkdir
mkdir
mkdir
mkdir

/u01/dev
/u01/dev/d1
/u01/dev/d2
/u01/dev/d3

=======
cat
=======
Is used to read from a file as well as write onto a file.
Writing to a file
----------------[oracle@pc12c1 Desktop]$ cat >> /u01/dev/f1.txt
This is my first file.
^Z
[1]+ Stopped
cat >> /u01/dev/f1.txt
Reading from a file
------------------[oracle@pc12c1 Desktop]$ cat /u01/dev/f1.txt
This is my first file.

=======
ls
=======
Is used for listing files and directories

ls
-ls with no option list files and directories in bare format where we won
o view details like
file types, size, modified date and time, permission and links etc.
[oracle@pc12c1 Desktop]$ ls /u01/dev
d1 d2 d3 f1.txt
ls -l
----Here, ls -l shows file or directory, size, modified date and time,
file or folder name and owner of file and it s permission.
[oracle@pc12c1 Desktop]$ ls -l /u01/dev

t be able t

total 16
drwxr-xr-x
drwxr-xr-x
drwxr-xr-x
-rw-r--r--

2
2
2
1

oracle
oracle
oracle
oracle

oinstall 4096 Jan 13 22:05


oinstall 4096 Jan 13 22:05
oinstall 4096 Jan 13 22:05
oinstall 23 Jan 13 22:06

d1
d2
d3
f1.txt

ls -a
-----lists all files along with the hidden files.
[oracle@pc12c1 Desktop]$ ls -a /u01/dev
. .. d1 d2 d3 f1.txt

ls -lh
-----Displays the size in human readable format
[oracle@pc12c1 Desktop]$ ls -lh /u01/dev
total 16K
drwxr-xr-x 2 oracle oinstall 4.0K Jan 13
drwxr-xr-x 2 oracle oinstall 4.0K Jan 13
drwxr-xr-x 2 oracle oinstall 4.0K Jan 13
-rw-r--r-- 1 oracle oinstall 23 Jan 13

22:05
22:05
22:05
22:06

d1
d2
d3
f1.txt

22:06
22:05
22:05
22:05

f1.txt
d3
d2
d1

ls -r
----Displays in reverse order
[oracle@pc12c1 Desktop]$ ls -r /u01/dev
f1.txt d3 d2 d1
[oracle@pc12c1 Desktop]$ ls -lr /u01/dev
total 16
-rw-r--r-- 1 oracle oinstall 23 Jan 13
drwxr-xr-x 2 oracle oinstall 4096 Jan 13
drwxr-xr-x 2 oracle oinstall 4096 Jan 13
drwxr-xr-x 2 oracle oinstall 4096 Jan 13
ls -R
----Display the contents recursively
[oracle@pc12c1 Desktop]$ ls -R /u01/dev
/u01/dev:
d1 d2 d3 f1.txt
/u01/dev/d1:
a.txt
/u01/dev/d2:
b.txt
/u01/dev/d3:

==============
cp
==============
Is used to copy files from one location to another.
[oracle@pc12c1 Desktop]$ cp /u01/dev/d2/b.txt /u01/dev/d3
[oracle@pc12c1 Desktop]$ ls /u01/dev/d3
b.txt

=============
mv
=============
Is used to move or rename file.
Renaming a file
[oracle@pc12c1 Desktop]$ mv /u01/dev/f1.txt /u01/dev/f2.txt
Moving a file
[oracle@pc12c1 Desktop]$ mv /u01/dev/f2.txt /u01/dev/d3
===========
alias
===========
Defines command macros
[oracle@pc12c1 Desktop]$ alias ld="ls -l | grep ^d"
[oracle@pc12c1 Desktop]$ ld
drwxr-xr-x 7 oracle oinstall
drwxrwxrwx 8 oracle oinstall
drwxr-xr-x 5 oracle oinstall
drwxr-xr-x 2 oracle oinstall

4096
4096
4096
4096

Jul
Nov
Jan
Jan

Remove the alias


[oracle@pc12c1 Desktop]$ unalias ld

7
26
13
11

============
rm
============
Is used to remove directories.
[oracle@pc12c1 Desktop]$ ls /u01/dev/
d1 d2 d3 f1.txt f2.txt
[oracle@pc12c1 Desktop]$ rm -i /u01/dev/f*
rm: remove regular file `/u01/dev/f1.txt'? n
rm: remove regular file `/u01/dev/f2.txt'? y
`
[oracle@pc12c1 Desktop]$ ls /u01/dev/
d1 d2 d3 f1.txt
Recursively delete directories
[oracle@pc12c1 Desktop]$ rm -r /u01/dev

2014
02:48
22:07
21:18

database
firefox
Oracle On Linux
PT Books

=============
du
=============
Disk space usage by directories
[oracle@pc12c1 Oracle On Linux]$ du -h
12K
./MyPractical
6.6M
./E-Kit
5.5M
./Labs
12M
.
-h is used produce the results in human readable format
[root@localhost ~]# du -h /u01/app/oracle/oradata
1.1G
/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl
1.1G
/u01/app/oracle/oradata

============
zip
============
Is used to zip files
[oracle@pc12c1 MyPractical]$ zip myfiles f1.txt f2.txt f3.txt
adding: f1.txt (deflated 72%)
adding: f2.txt (deflated 72%)
adding: f3.txt (deflated 72%)
===========
touch
===========
Is used to create a new file and to change the timestamp of access and modificat
ion.
--Create a new file
[oracle@pc12c1 MyPractical]$ touch f4.txt
--Change the modification time
[oracle@pc12c1 MyPractical]$ touch -m f3.txt
--Change the access time
[oracle@pc12c1 MyPractical]$ touch -a f3.txt
--Change the access time to a specific date
[oracle@pc12c1 MyPractical]$ touch -d '1 May 2005 10:22' file4

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