Family Memoir Lesson
Family Memoir Lesson
Family Memoir Lesson
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LESSON PLAN
9 12
Unit
Estimated Time
Lesson Author
Ellen
Greenblatt
San Francisco,
California
Publisher
PREVIEW
OVERVIEW
After reading a short memoir and reviewing the genre, students choose how to create a memoir of a family
member who is at least a generation older. Students first select a family member to interview, and then craft a
set of interview. Students create written memoirs, focusing on one or two unifying themes, and can be presented
as a photographic collage, a series of panels telling a story, a painting, a video, a musical composition, a
sculpture, or another creative way. Students accompany their work with an artists journal, explaining why they
have chosen the particular method of presentation and analyzing their own successes and shortcomings.
This lesson was developed as a companion for The Mystery of Love, a PBS documentary featured in the lesson.
For additional information on the documentary and those who made it possible see The Mystery of Love Website.
FEATURED RESOURCES
ReadWriteThink Notetaker: Using this online tool, students can organize, revise, and plan their writing, as well
as take notes as they read and research.
FROM THEORY TO PRACTICE
Speaking of using memoir in the classroom, Katie Van Sluys states: "Through exploring personal histories and
rendering these histories public through writing, memoir further connects the lived experiences of writers with
their readers. In a classroom context, readers are often members of the writer's class; hence these shared
experiences speak to who the writer is and possibly wants to be in the classroom community." (179) In The
Situation and the Story: The Art of Personal Narrative, Vivian Gornick, a gifted writer of personal narrative,
discusses how important it is for a writer to create a persona. "The creation of such a persona," she notes, "is
vital in an essay or memoir. It is the instrument of illumination. Without it there is neither subject nor story. To
achieve it, the writer of memoir or essay undergoes an apprenticeship as soulsearching as any undergone by
novelist or poet; the twin struggle to know not only why one is speaking but who is speaking." In this lesson
students participate in such a journey as they identifying the unifying themes in their family interviews and
compose their own memoirs.
Further Reading
Gornick, Vivian. 2002. The Situation and the Story: The Art of Personal Narrative. NY, NY: Farrar, Strauss and
Giroux.
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Van Sluys, Katie. "Writing and Identity Construction: A Young Author's Life in Transition." Language Arts 80.3
(January 2003): 176184.
STANDARDS
NCTE/IRA NATIONAL STANDARDS FOR THE ENGLISH LANGUAGE ARTS
1.
Students read a wide range of print and nonprint texts to build an understanding of texts, of themselves, and
of the cultures of the United States and the world; to acquire new information; to respond to the needs and
demands of society and the workplace; and for personal fulfillment. Among these texts are fiction and
nonfiction, classic and contemporary works.
2.
Students read a wide range of literature from many periods in many genres to build an understanding of the
many dimensions (e.g., philosophical, ethical, aesthetic) of human experience.
3.
Students apply a wide range of strategies to comprehend, interpret, evaluate, and appreciate texts. They
draw on their prior experience, their interactions with other readers and writers, their knowledge of word
meaning and of other texts, their word identification strategies, and their understanding of textual features
(e.g., soundletter correspondence, sentence structure, context, graphics).
4.
Students adjust their use of spoken, written, and visual language (e.g., conventions, style, vocabulary) to
communicate effectively with a variety of audiences and for different purposes.
5.
Students employ a wide range of strategies as they write and use different writing process elements
appropriately to communicate with different audiences for a variety of purposes.
6.
Students apply knowledge of language structure, language conventions (e.g., spelling and punctuation),
media techniques, figurative language, and genre to create, critique, and discuss print and nonprint texts.
7.
Students conduct research on issues and interests by generating ideas and questions, and by posing problems.
They gather, evaluate, and synthesize data from a variety of sources (e.g., print and nonprint texts,
artifacts, people) to communicate their discoveries in ways that suit their purpose and audience.
8.
Students use a variety of technological and information resources (e.g., libraries, databases, computer
networks, video) to gather and synthesize information and to create and communicate knowledge.
11. Students participate as knowledgeable, reflective, creative, and critical members of a variety of literacy
communities.
12. Students use spoken, written, and visual language to accomplish their own purposes (e.g., for learning,
enjoyment, persuasion, and the exchange of information).
PRINTOUTS
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INSTRUCTIONAL PLAN
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STUDENT OBJECTIVES
Students will
understand, from reading and from writing, the nature of memoir.
learn how to develop interview questions to elicit stories from the subject of their memoir.
explore different ways of presenting their memoirs.
reflect analytically and critically on their work.
SESSION ONE
1. Explain that as preparation to write memoirs of their own, the class will examine some of the characteristics
of memoir during the next few class sessions.
2. Pass out the Memoir Assignment and the Memoir Rubric, and review the information so that students are
aware of the expectations for this unit. The details will be explored more specifically in later sessions, so a
comprehensive discussion is not necessary.
3. Review the Memoir Definition, and answer any general questions that students have about the genre.
4. Distribute the essay Coming Home, Again by Changrae Lee and explain that the author of the essay is a
KoreanAmerican immigrant who is using his recollection of his parents driving him to school as a way to
remember them and his relationship with them.
5. Read the first three paragraphs of the essay aloud to the students.
6. Return to the Memoir Definition, and ask students to identify the focus of the essay, and the time that
prompted this essaywhat Zinsser describes as the time in the writers life that was unusually vivid in the
quotation on the definition sheet.
7. Ask students to point out words and/or details that they find powerful. Record their response on the board or
on chart paper.
8. Once the list is compiled, conduct a discussion about why the words are powerful. Note the qualities of
powerful words on the board or chart paper as well.
9. Distribute the Discussion Questions for Coming Home, Again, and read the questions aloud with students to
familiarize them with what they will be doing for homework.
10. Ask students to brainstorm other ways Changrae Lee might have told this story. Some suggestions they might
make include a photographic collage, a short play, a song, and a painting.
11. Remind students about the difference between subject (what the essay is about) and tone (the authors
attitude toward the subject).
12. Allow students to use the remaining time to continue reading the essay in preparation for answering the
discussion questions at home.
13. Remind students to have the Discussion Questions for Coming Home, Again completed by the beginning of
the next session.
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SESSION TWO
1. Invite students to share general reactions to Lees essay, which they read as homework.
2. Review students responses to questions 15 on the Discussion Questions for Coming Home, Again handout
as a class. Encourage conversation and discussion of the responses.
3. Arrange students in small groups, and ask group members to complete the following tasks:
Share the powerful sentences that they recorded from their reading (Question 6 on Discussion Questions for
Coming Home, Again).
After everyone has shared, choose the most powerful sentence of all those they have compiled.
Write its sentence on the board or on chart paper.
Choose a presenter who will read the sentence to the class and explain the choice.
Prepare notes that explain your choice for the speaker to refer to.
4. As students work, circulate through the room providing feedback and support. Allow fifteen to twenty
minutes for groups to complete this work.
5. Gather the groups together, and ask each group to read their sentence to the class and explain their choice.
6. As groups share, highlight items on the list from the previous session that indicated reasons why the
paragraphs in the passage were powerful.
7. After all groups have shared, review the items you have highlighted and ask students how they work as
criteria for powerful writing.
8. Ask students to suggest any additional criteria for powerful sentences, and add responses to the board or
chart paper to create a working list of criteria for the class.
9. Return to the Discussion Questions for Coming Home, Again and ask students to share their responses to the
final question. Refer to the Memoir Definition as you discuss responses. Add class criteria for memoir to the
sheet to develop a more studentcentered definition of the genre.
10. Ask students to consider the answers to all the Discussion Questions for Coming Home, Again and describe
the role and presence of the storyteller in a memoir. Note their response on the board or chart paper for
students to return to in later sessions.
11. Before the end of the session, review all the information about memoir that the class has gathered: criteria
for powerful writing, role of the storyteller, and definitions of memoir.
SESSION THREE
1. Review the definitions of memoir from previous sessions. Ask students to add any criteria they think are
missing.
2. Write the words art and craft on the board or chart paper, as headers to two columns.
3. If students are familiar with the terms from previous work in writers workshop, ask them to share their
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understandings of the two words and record their thoughts under the relevant columns.
4. Review the ideas that students have shared, and add the following explanation to the ideas that students
have shared; or simply explain the following if students have had no exposure to the terms:
The difference between art and craft is essentially the difference between having an idea and making a representation
of that idea.
5. Work through a class example together. Ask students to volunteer a few examples of a beautiful moment, and
choose one of their examples to work with.
6. Explain that art is defined as seeing and appreciating the moment.
7. Next, ask students to offer ideas for different ways of representing the beautiful moment you have chosen
from their suggestions. If students need additional context, explain that they should share ways to express
the moments importance to someone else or for themselves. Students might respond with possibilities such
as writing a poem, painting a painting, writing a song, creating a photographic collage, or writing a
description.
8. Explain that craft is defined as ways of representing the moment.
9. Pass out the Art and Craft of Memoir discussion questions, and read the passage from William Zinssers
Inventing the Truth aloud to the class.
10. Have students jot down their first reactions to the passage, in light of your discussion of art and craft, in their
journals or notebooks.
11. After students have had two or three minutes to write, ask volunteers to share their reactions to the passage.
Emphasize any connections that students make to the definitions from the previous sessions as well as to the
definitions of art and craft.
12. Ask students to identify ways that Zinsser defines art and craft, and add the details to the lists on the board
or chart paper.
13. Arrange the class in small groups, and ask each group to work through the questions on the sheet. Ask
students to rotate the job of recording the responses, so that a different student in the group acts as the
recorder for each question. Ask students to be prepared to share the groups responses with the class.
14. As students work, circulate through the room providing feedback and support.
15. Gather the groups together, and work through the questions as a class, asking group members to share their
responses with the entire class. Encourage expansion of the ideas as students talk as well as connections to
previous sessions on memoir.
16. Return to the lists for art and craft that the class has gathered, and ask students to add any details on how
Zinsser is defining the terms and their role in memoir. Add the details to the list.
17. Ask students to reflect on the discussion of Changrae Lees essay in the previous sessions, and then identify
aspects of art and craft from the exploration of his writing. Add these elements to the board or chart paper
as well.
18. At the end of the discussion, review all the information that has been gathered for each term and ask the
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2. When class is ready to begin, ask students follow the instructions in the prompt. Give students approximately
five minutes to complete their writing.
3. After students have completed their writing, arrange the class in small groups.
4. Explain that people remember different things, even if they all participated in the same events. Forecast that
though students probably share common ideas about the outline of events, the details they remember may
well be different, and some students might not remember either the broad outline or details.
5. Ask group members to share their responses and gather two kinds of information:
Highlight portions of the journal entries that appear in only one members writing. The point is to identify
the unique information that only one person remembered about the previous session.
As a group, look at the information that every member included in the writing, and create a group
sentence that describes the previous session.
6. Emphasize that groups should focus on what members wrote in the journal entries only. Explain that they are
now analyzing what they wrote.
7. After groups have completed the task, gather the class and first ask groups to share their general statements
of what happened during the previous session. Note their observations on the board or chart paper.
8. Once all groups have shared, highlight differences in the memories shown in the groups statements.
9. Next, ask groups to share the unique information that was included in members journal entries. Note their
responses on the board or on chart paper.
10. After everyone has shared details, review the lists briefly.
11. Ask students to imagine that they are historians writing about the previous session. From this perspective,
discuss the following question: Given that people remember events differently or not at all, how would you as
a historian decide what is true?
12. If time and resources allow, play the Drawing the Line Between Facts and Fiction in Memoirs radio interview
from NPR. Note that the piece does begin with a brief advertisement for an NPR CD. If the advertisement
would be problematic in your classroom, cue the piece to begin after the advertisement.
13. As they listen, ask students to jot down key characteristics of memoirs that are shared in the interview.
14. Once the interview finishes, ask the class to share the characteristics of memoir that were mentioned in the
recording.
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15. As a bridge to the next session, read this sentence, referring to James Frey, author of A Million Little Pieces,
from the interview to the class: As Frey noted to Larry King, each person's truth is filtered through an
individual sensibility, and sometimes whats recalled is painful to others as well as to ones self.
16. For homework, ask students to freewrite on the first idea expressed in the quotationhow is truth filtered
through an individual's sensibility? How did their experiences recalling what happened in the previous class
session support the idea of a filtered truth?
SESSION FIVE
1. Begin the session by repeating the quotation from the NPR recording: As Frey noted to Larry King, each
person's truth is filtered through an individual sensibility, and sometimes whats recalled is painful to others
as well as to ones self.
2. Using their homework writing, ask students to share their reflections on the notion of filtered truth.
3. Arrange students in small groups, and pass out copies of the Multiple Ownership of the Past discussion
questions and Writing with Love dDiscussion questions handouts.
4. Assign half of the groups to work on one handout, and the remainder to work on the other handout.
Depending on class size, more than one group will likely work on each handout.
5. Ask groups to prepare to summarize and present the information on the assigned handout to the rest of the
class. Students will probably need ten to fifteen minutes to gather ideas.
6. Gather the class, and draw attention to the Multiple Ownership of the Past handout.
7. Read the excerpt from Zinssers text to the class, and write manufacture a text, jumble of half
remembered events, and manipulation on the board or underline the phrases on an overhead transparency
of the passage.
8. Ask groups that focused on the Multiple Ownership of the Past handout to act as leaders/experts and discuss
the nature of truth and memory with the class.
9. Again with groups that focused on the Multiple Ownership of the Past handout acting as leaders/experts, ask
the class who owns the past in Changrae Lees essay.
10. Turn attention to the Writing With Love handout.
11. Read the excerpts from the handout to the class.
12. Draw two columns on the board or chart paper, and write sins, fallible, prisoners, destructive, pain,
brokenness, whining, revenge, and victims in the first column. In the second column, write love
and forgiveness.
13. Ask groups that focused on the Writing With Love handout to act as leaders/experts and discuss the
relationship between the ideas in the two columns in constructing a memoir.
14. Again with groups that focused on the Writing With Love handout acting as leaders/experts, ask students to
assess whether Changrae Lees essay was written with love.
15. As a followup, ask the class whether a memoir must or should be written with love.
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16. Return to the quotation from the NPR recording: As Frey noted to Larry King, each person's truth is filtered
through an individual sensibility, and sometimes whats recalled is painful to others as well as to ones self.
17. Using the information from their worksheets, ask students how the ideas of multiple ownership of the past
and writing with love are communicated in the quotation.
18. Review the Memoir Assignment and the Memoir Rubric, distributed during the first session, and explain that in
the following sessions the class will work concretely on the assignment. Make specific connections to the
ideas explored in the class sessions and the requirements on the rubric.
19. For homework, ask students to choose the family member who will be the subject of their memoirs. Review
the one guideline for their choice: The family member must be at least one generation older than they. As an
alternative, students may write a memoir on someone in their community, a religious elder, or another
teacher just ask that the person be at least a generation older than they are.
20. In addition to choosing the person, students should begin their artist's journals. Ask students to follow the
instructions included on the Memoir Assignment handout: talk about their choice, both why they have chosen
whom they have and forecasting issues they want to discuss with the person.
SESSION SIX
1. Review the Memoir Assignment and Memoir Rubric, and ask student volunteers to briefly share who they will
focus on and why they have chosen whom they have.
2. Discuss the qualities of a good interview question, emphasizing the following points:
Openended questions (Could you tell me about your family?) usually evoke more interesting answers
than closeended questions ( How many people are in your family?).
Interview questions should invite people to answer more expansively. For example, an openended question
like Could you tell me about your family? might well result in an answer like, Well I cant begin without
telling you about the time my sister . . . . This kind of response can lead to a series of anecdotes and
connections.
Interview questions are just a rough guide for the actual conversation between an interviewer and the
person being interviewed. Be prepared to follow the conversation rather than to keep to a set list of
questions. After all, with openended questions, the interview might go anywhere!
3. Arrange students in small groups, and ask them to brainstorm together, generating the openended questions
that they would like to ask the people whom they will interview. Ask groups to record their questions on the
board or on chart paper.
4. If computers are available, groups might also visit the Get Nosy with Aunt Rosie Website for ideas for their
interview questions. If computers are not available, you might print examples from the site before the session
and make a copy for each group to use as reference while they work.
5. After the groups have finished choosing questions, ask them to hang their questions around the room.
6. Read through the lists as a class. Ask students to compare the questions that have been generated as well as
to add or revise the questions that have been suggested.
7. If students need practice in order to hone interviewing skills and gain confidence, arrange students in pairs
and ask them to use the openended questions they have generated to interview each other.
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8. As students practice their interview skills, circulate through the room, dropping in on and listening to
interviews. Make suggestions and offer feedback as appropriate.
9. To prepare for their own interviews, ask students to choose the particular questions that they will use with
the people whom they have chosen.
10. Demonstrate how to use the ReadWriteThink Notetaker, and ask students to write their primary questions as
Main Sections in the tool. Under each Main Section, ask students to add a subsection and freewrite about
what they hope to learn from the questions as well as to think of possible followups. If desired, show the
sample screen from the Notetaker to give students an example.
11. Ask students to spend the remainder of the session choosing their questions. Remind them to print their work
once they have entered the questions in the Notetaker.
12. Arrange for students to make appointments to interview the people whom they have chosen. Be sure that
students explain the project and how the information from the interview will be used. Stress that students
should schedule time for a formal interview. Even if they are writing about a relative with whom they live,
setting aside an hour or so for a formal interview makes both the interview subject and the interviewer take
the activity more seriously.
13. Review the expectations for during and after the interview (see below).
14. For homework, in addition to conducting the interview, remind students to follow the instructions for
recording their reflections in their artists journals. Point the class to the Memoir Assignment handout for
more details.
15. Use the details below to explain the work that students are to complete before the next class session.
During the Interview
1. Encourage students to arrive on time for their interviews and to be ready to begin. They should have paper
and a reliable pen or pencil for taking notes. If possible and if the interview subject gives permission,
students should tape the interview so that they can return to the information easily to fill in any gaps in their
memory and/or notes.
2. As students interview the people whom they have chosen, ask that they take time to remind the person of
the purpose of the interview, (if appropriate) to ask if the person is comfortable with taping the interview,
and to spend some time visiting and talking before moving through the list of questions.
3. If appropriate for an illustration or other uses, students can take photographs of the person and the location
of the interview. Remind students to ask the person for permission before taking and using photographs.
After the Interview
1. If students have tape recorded the interview, have them return to the tape and take notes on significant
details that can be used in their memoirs. If students took notes, have them return to the notes and look for
significant details.
2. Remind students that their task at this point is harvesting details and ideas from the interview. It is unlikely
that they will use every detail in their final drafts. They are simply gathering ideas.
3. Whether they have taped or taken notes during the interview, students should write two pages about what
they learned, including some anecdotes and incidents they might want to include. This writing assignment is
not meant to be submitted at this time, but students will submit it with the final version of their memoirs.
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4. Remind students also to include reflections on the interview in their artists journals.
5. If appropriate for their memoirs, ask students to take several minutes to write a description of the person
who was interviewed and the location where the interview took place. For instance, if students visit a
religious elder at their place of worship, descriptive details about that place might be useful in the final
draft.
SESSION SEVEN
1. Invite any student volunteers to share reactions to the interviews as the class gets under way.
2. After everyone is ready to work, ask students how their interviews related to the Multiple Ownership of the
Past and Writing with Love handouts. Specifically ask students how their interviews made them think about
truth and memory as well as the idea of writing with love.
3. Remind students that memoirs do not simply capture a series of events but are unified by their focus on a
specific theme or themes. Ask the class to recall the themes from Changrae Lees essay as an example.
4. Arrange students in groups of three people each, and ask group members to discuss the following, referring to
the handouts from previous sessions as relevant:
explain who they interviewed and what they found, including any confusions or contradictions
ask for feedback and advice from other group members about possible threads they might follow
offer feedback to other group members threads they might follow
discuss the format in which they will present their memoirs, referring to the Memoir Assignment for
examples.
5. As groups work, circulate through the room, providing feedback and support.
6. During the last five to ten minutes of class, ask students to share any potential challenges they have
identified for their work.
7. Together with other class members, work to suggest solutions and alternatives to the challenges that students
share.
8. For homework, explain that students should complete their memoir presentation and artists journals. Explain
how many days students will have to complete this work before the next session, during which groups will
complete peer review of the projects. Allow several days for students to complete this work.
9. If preferred, include additional work sessions at this point in the lesson so that students can work on their
presentations during class time.
SESSION EIGHT
1. Pass out copies of the Memoir Peer Review and read through the questions.
2. Draw connections between the Peer Review and the Memoir Rubric as well as to the information that has
been discussed in previous class sessions.
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3. Arrange students in pairs or groups of threes, and ask students to examine one anothers work, and use the
Peer Review form to comment on the projects.
4. Once students have completed the Memoir Peer Review, gather the class and discuss how to use the feedback
to revise the projects. For instance, if the reviewers found few details that made the events or facts seem
truthful, students might review their interview notes for information that they omitted and add more
specifics as they revise.
5. Allow time for students to ask questions individually if possible.
6. Review the presentation guidelines from the Memoir Assignment so that students recall the expectations:
If they have written a memoir, ask that they choose a paragraph to read to the class.
If they have chosen another option, ask that they prepare to show their work and choose a paragraph from
their artists journals to read to the class.
7. For homework, ask students to revise their memoirs and artists journals with the help of the feedback they
received during the session. Allow several days for students to complete this work.
8. If preferred, include additional work sessions at this point in the lesson so that students can revise their
presentations during class time.
SESSION NINE
1. If desired, create an Art Opening ambiance for Session Six, serving refreshments as a part of the sharing.
2. Allow a few minutes at the beginning of the session for students to make last minute preparations for their
presentations.
3. Remind students of the expectations for this session:
If they have written a memoir, they will read a paragraph to read to the class.
If they have chosen another option, they will show their work and choose a paragraph from their artists
journal to read to the class.
4. Encourage positive and supportive comments from the class as students present.
5. After everyone has presented, if desired, ask students to reflect on the process of creating memoirs,
especially as it relates to the issues that the class has covered (e.g., balancing truth and faulty memories,
writing with love).
6. At the end of the session, collect students memoirs and artists journals so that you can provide assessment.
EXTENSIONS
Use the Love and Friendship Vignette from The Mystery of Love to explore the characteristics of memoir in
more detail:
Pass out copies of the Discussion Questions for Love and Friendship from The Mystery of Love, and review
the questions before you show the excerpt.
Show the vignette from the film.
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STUDENT ASSESSMENT/REFLECTIONS
Review the work that students complete during this lesson on an ongoing basis for the thoroughness and
completeness. In particular check for completed artifacts: handouts, project drafts, interview questions, peer
review feedback, and so forth. While students are working on these projects, talk to the students and observe
their work and the connections they make to the memoir characteristics and the criteria for the project. Grade
finished projects and the artists journals with the Memoir Rubric.
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What do the words we write really have to say about us? In this lesson, students examine the power of word
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STUDENT INTERACTIVES
Grades 3 12 | Student Interactive | Organizing & Summarizing
ReadWriteThink Notetaker
Useful for a wide variety of reading and writing activities, this outlining tool allows students to organize up to
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CALENDAR ACTIVITIES
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PODCAST EPISODES
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COMMENTS
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